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The CogALex-V Shared Task provides two datasets that consists of pairs of words along with a classification of their semantic relation. The dataset for the first task distinguishes only between related and unrelated, while the second data set distinguishes several types of semantic relations. A number of recent papers propose to construct a feature vector that represents a pair of words by applying a pairwise simple operation to all elements of the feature vector. Subsequently, the pairs can be classified by training any classification algorithm on these vectors. In the present paper we apply this method to the provided datasets. We see that the results are not better than from the given simple baseline. We conclude that the results of the investigated method are strongly depended on the type of data to which it is applied.
In distributional semantics words are represented by aggregated context features. The similarity of words can be computed by comparing their feature vectors. Thus, we can predict whether two words are synonymous or similar with respect to some other semantic relation. We will show on six different datasets of pairs of similar and non-similar words that a supervised learning algorithm on feature vectors representing pairs of words outperforms cosine similarity between vectors representing single words. We compared different methods to construct a feature vector representing a pair of words. We show that simple methods like pairwise addition or multiplication give better results than a recently proposed method that combines different types of features. The semantic relation we consider is relatedness of terms in thesauri for intellectual document classification. Thus our findings can directly be applied for the maintenance and extension of such thesauri. To the best of our knowledge this relation was not considered before in the field of distributional semantics.
For indexing archived documents the Dutch Parliament uses a specialized thesaurus. For good results for full text retrieval and automatic classification it turns out to be important to add more synonyms to the existing thesaurus terms. In the present work we investigate the possibilities to find synonyms for terms of the parliaments thesaurus automatically. We propose to use distributional similarity (DS). In an experiment with pairs of synonyms and non-synonyms we train and test a classifier using distributional similarity and string similarity. Using ten-fold cross validation we were able to classify 75% of the pairs of a set of 6000 word pairs correctly.
Background: After kidney transplantation, immunosuppressive therapy causes impaired cellular immune defense leading to an increased risk of viral complications. Trough level monitoring of immunosuppressants is insufficient to estimate the individual intensity of immunosuppression. We have already shown that virus-specific T cells (Tvis) correlate with control of virus replication as well as with the intensity of immunosuppression. The multicentre IVIST01-trial should prove that additional steering of immunosuppressive and antiviral therapy by Tvis levels leads to better graft function by avoidance of over-immunosuppression (for example, viral infections) and drug toxicity (for example, nephrotoxicity).
Methods/design: The IVIST-trial starts 4 weeks after transplantation. Sixty-four pediatric kidney recipients are randomized either to a non-intervention group that is only treated conservatively or to an intervention group with additional monitoring by Tvis. The randomization is stratified by centre and cytomegalovirus (CMV) prophylaxis. In both groups the immunosuppressive medication (cyclosporine A and everolimus) is adopted in the same target range of trough levels. In the non-intervention group the immunosuppressive therapy (cyclosporine A and everolimus) is only steered by classical trough level monitoring and the antiviral therapy of a CMV infection is performed according to a standard protocol. In contrast, in the intervention group the dose of immunosuppressants is individually adopted according to Tvis levels as a direct measure of the intensity of immunosuppression in addition to classical trough level monitoring. In case of CMV infection or reactivation the antiviral management is based on the individual CMV-specific immune defense assessed by the CMV-Tvis level. Primary endpoint of the study is the glomerular filtration rate 2 years after transplantation; secondary endpoints are the number and severity of viral infections and the incidence of side effects of immunosuppressive and antiviral drugs.
Discussion: This IVIST01-trial will answer the question whether the new concept of steering immunosuppressive and antiviral therapy by Tvis levels leads to better future graft function. In terms of an effect-related drug monitoring, the study design aims to realize a personalization of immunosuppressive and antiviral management after transplantation. Based on the IVIST01-trial, immunomonitoring by Tvis might be incorporated into routine care after kidney transplantation.
Subject of this work is the investigation of universal scaling laws which are observed in coupled chaotic systems. Progress is made by replacing the chaotic fluctuations in the perturbation dynamics by stochastic processes.
First, a continuous-time stochastic model for weakly coupled chaotic systems is introduced to study the scaling of the Lyapunov exponents with the coupling strength (coupling sensitivity of chaos). By means of the the Fokker-Planck equation scaling relations are derived, which are confirmed by results of numerical simulations.
Next, the new effect of avoided crossing of Lyapunov exponents of weakly coupled disordered chaotic systems is described, which is qualitatively similar to the energy level repulsion in quantum systems. Using the scaling relations obtained for the coupling sensitivity of chaos, an asymptotic expression for the distribution function of small spacings between Lyapunov exponents is derived and compared with results of numerical simulations.
Finally, the synchronization transition in strongly coupled spatially extended chaotic systems is shown to resemble a continuous phase transition, with the coupling strength and the synchronization error as control and order parameter, respectively. Using results of numerical simulations and theoretical considerations in terms of a multiplicative noise partial differential equation, the universality classes of the observed two types of transition are determined (Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation with saturating term, directed percolation).
Der Bachelor-Studiengang Mediendesigninformatik der Hochschule Hannover ist ein Informatikstudiengang mit dem speziellen Anwendungsgebiet Mediendesign. In Abgrenzung von Studiengängen der Medieninformatik liegt der Anwendungsfokus auf der kreativen Gestaltung etwa von 3D-Modellierungen, Animationen und Computerspielen. Absolvent*innen des Studiengangs sollen an der Schnittstelle zwischen Informatik und Mediendesign agieren können, zum Beispiel bei der Erstellung von Benutzungsschnittstellen und VR/AR-Anwendungen. Der Artikel stellt das Curriculum des interdisziplinären Studiengangs vor und reflektiert nach dem Abschluss der ersten beiden Studierendenkohorten die Erfahrungen, indem die ursprünglichen Ziele den Zahlen der Hochschulstatistik und den Ergebnissen zweier Studierendenbefragungen gegenübergestellt werden.
The network security framework VisITMeta allows the visual evaluation and management of security event detection policies. By means of a "what-if" simulation the sensitivity of policies to specific events can be tested and adjusted. This paper presents the results of a user study for testing the usability of the approach by measuring the correct completion of given tasks as well as the user satisfaction by means of the system usability scale.
Intrusion detection systems and other network security components detect security-relevant events based on policies consisting of rules. If an event turns out as a false alarm, the corresponding policy has to be adjusted in order to reduce the number of false positives. Modified policies, however, need to be tested before going into productive use. We present a visual analysis tool for the evaluation of security events and related policies which integrates data from different sources using the IF-MAP specification and provides a “what-if” simulation for testing modified policies on past network dynamics. In this paper, we will describe the design and outcome of a user study that will help us to evaluate our visual analysis tool.
For anomaly-based intrusion detection in computer networks, data cubes can be used for building a model of the normal behavior of each cell. During inference an anomaly score is calculated based on the deviation of cell metrics from the corresponding normality model. A visualization approach is shown that combines different types of diagrams and charts with linked user interaction for filtering of data.
Introduction:
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection remains prevalent co-morbidity, and among fracture patients. Few studies have investigated the role of exercise interventions in preventing bone demineralization in people who have fractures and HIV. If exercise exposed, HIV-infected individuals may experience improved bone health outcomes (BMD), function, quality of life (QoL). The study will aim to assess the impact of home based exercises on bone mineral density, functional capacity, QoL, and some serological markers of health in HIV infection among Nigerians and South Africans.
Methods and design:
The study is an assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial. Patients managed with internal and external fixation for femoral shaft fracture at the study sites will be recruited to participate in the study. The participants will be recruited 2 weeks post-discharge at the follow-up clinic with the orthopaedic surgeon. The study population will consist of all persons with femoral fracture and HIV-positive and negative (HIV-positive medically confirmed) aged 18 to 60 years attending the above-named health facilities. For the HIV-positive participants, a documented positive HIV result, as well as a history of being followed-up at the HIV treatment and care center. A developed home based exercise programme will be implemented in the experimental group while the control group continues with the usual rehabilitation programme. The primary outcome measures will be function, gait, bone mineral density, physical activity, and QoL.
Discussion:
The proposed trial will compare the effect of a home-based physical exercise-training programme in the management of femoral fracture to the usual physiotherapy management programmes with specific outcomes of bone mineral density, function, and inflammatory markers.
Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by impairments in social communication, limited repetitive behaviors, impaired language development, and interest or activity patterns, which include a group complex neurodevelopmental syndrome with diverse phenotypes that reveal considerable etiological and clinical heterogeneity and are also considered one of the most heritable disorders (over 90%). Genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors play a role in the development of ASD.
Aim: This study was designed to investigate the extent of DNA damage in parents of autistic children by treating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with bleomycin and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated by the Ficoll method and treated with a specific concentration of bleomycin and H2O2 for 30 min and 5 min, respectively. Then, the degree of DNA damage was analyzed by the alkaline comet assay or single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE), an effective way to measure DNA fragmentation in eukaryotic cells.
Results: Our findings revealed that there is a significant difference in the increase of DNA damage in parents with affected children compared to the control group, which can indicate the inability of the DNA molecule repair system. Furthermore, our study showed a significant association between fathers’ occupational difficulties (exposed to the influence of environmental factors), as well as family marriage, and suffering from ASD in offspring.
Conclusion: Our results suggested that the influence of environmental factors on parents of autistic children may affect the development of autistic disorder in their offspring. Subsequently, based on our results, investigating the effect of environmental factors on the amount of DNA damage in parents with affected children requires more studies.
Objective
The study’s objective was to assess factors contributing to the use of smart devices by general practitioners (GPs) and patients in the health domain, while specifically addressing the situation in Germany, and to determine whether, and if so, how both groups differ in their perceptions of these technologies.
Methods
GPs and patients of resident practices in the Hannover region, Germany, were surveyed between April and June 2014. A total of 412 GPs in this region were invited by email to participate via an electronic survey, with 50 GPs actually doing so (response rate 12.1%). For surveying the patients, eight regional resident practices were visited by study personnel (once each). Every second patient arriving there (inclusion criteria: of age, fluent in German) was asked to take part (paper-based questionnaire). One hundred and seventy patients participated; 15 patients who did not give consent were excluded.
Results
The majority of the participating patients (68.2%, 116/170) and GPs (76%, 38/50) owned mobile devices. Of the patients, 49.9% (57/116) already made health-related use of mobile devices; 95% (36/38) of the participating GPs used them in a professional context. For patients, age (P < 0.001) and education (P < 0.001) were significant factors, but not gender (P > 0.99). For doctors, neither age (P = 0.73), professional experience (P > 0.99) nor gender (P = 0.19) influenced usage rates. For patients, the primary use case was obtaining health (service)-related information. For GPs, interprofessional communication and retrieving information were in the foreground. There was little app-related interaction between both groups.
Conclusions
GPs and patients use smart mobile devices to serve their specific interests. However, the full potentials of mobile technologies for health purposes are not yet being taken advantage of. Doctors as well as other care providers and the patients should work together on exploring and realising the potential benefits of the technology.
Objective: The study’s objective was to assess factors contributing to the use of smart devices by general practitioners (GPs) and patients in the health domain, while specifically addressing the situation in Germany, and to determine whether, and if so, how both groups differ in their perceptions of these technologies.
Methods: GPs and patients of resident practices in the Hannover region, Germany, were surveyed between April and June 2014. A total of 412 GPs in this region were invited by email to participate via an electronic survey, with 50 GPs actually doing so (response rate 12.1%). For surveying the patients, eight regional resident practices were visited by study personnel (once each). Every second patient arriving there (inclusion criteria: of age, fluent in German) was asked to take part (paper-based questionnaire). One hundred and seventy patients participated; 15 patients who did not give consent were excluded.
Results: The majority of the participating patients (68.2%, 116/170) and GPs (76%, 38/50) owned mobile devices. Of the patients, 49.9% (57/116) already made health-related use of mobile devices; 95% (36/38) of the participating GPs used them in a professional context. For patients, age (P<0.001) and education (P<0.001) were significant factors, but not gender (P>0.99). For doctors, neither age (P¼0.73), professional experience (P>0.99) nor gender (P¼0.19) influenced usage rates. For patients, the primary use case was obtaining health (service)-related information. For GPs, interprofessional communication and retrieving information were in the foreground. There was little app-related interaction between both groups.
Conclusions: GPs and patients use smart mobile devices to serve their specific interests. However, the full potentials of mobile technologies for health purposes are not yet being taken advantage of. Doctors as well as other care providers and the patients should work together on exploring and realising the potential benefits of the technology.
Die folgende Studie befasst sich mit den Auswirkungen der Corona-Pandemie und deren Effekt – ein verminderter CO2-Ausstoß in Deutschland. Für einen übersichtlichen Vergleich wird im weiteren Verlauf in unterschiedlichen Szenarien darauf eingegangen, wie sich der CO2-Ausstoß im Vergleich zu 2020 ohne die Corona-Pandemie in Deutschland verändern könnte. Grundbasis für die Ermittlungen der folgenden Szenarien ist der CO2-Trend ohne die Corona-Pandemie im Jahr 2020, in dem Deutschland das Emissionsziel von -40 % gegenüber 1990 mit einer Reduktion von lediglich 37 % verfehlt hätte. Im zweiten Szenario wird dargestellt, wie sich die aktuelle Corona-Pandemie mit verschiedenen Lockdown-Phasen auf den CO2-Ausstoß auswirkt. Deutlich wird hierbei, dass trotz der aktuellen Maßnahmen eine längere Lockdown-Phase benötigt wird, um das Klimaziel von -40 % langfristig gesichert zu erreichen. In den Szenarien 3 und 4 liegt der Fokus auf möglichen Handlungs- und Verhaltensweisen nach der Pandemie. Das Szenario 3 betrachtet die Folgen von wirtschaftsfördernden Maßnahmen nach dem Lockdown und dem damit einhergehenden CO2-Anstieg. Wie viel CO2 zusätzlich aufgrund von nachhaltigem und klimaorientiertem Verhalten eingespart werden kann, erläutert das Szenario 4 „CO2 Entwicklung unter Berücksichtigung der Corona-Pandemie 2020 und möglicher positiver Umweltentwicklungen aus dem Lockdown“.
Faktoren, wie die wachsende Bevölkerung, sich verändernde Produktionsfaktoren oder Umwelteinflüsse wurden vernachlässigt. Die Studie zeigt, dass die Chancen, die durch die wirtschaftlichen Einschnitte und die Verhaltensänderungen, die durch die Corona-Pandemie bzw. deren Folgen hervorgerufen wurden, einen maßgeblichen Einfluss auf den CO2-Ausstoß der Bundesrepublik Deutschland haben können.
The properties of these carbon nanostructures are determined by the structure and orientation of the graphitic domains during pyrolysis of carbon precursors. In this work, we investigated systematically the impact of creep stress during the stabilization process on the cyclization and molecular orientation of polyacrylonitrile as well as the graphitized structure after high temperature carbonization. Therefore, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) is electrospun and then stabilized with and without application of creep stress at different temperatures. The effect of creep stress on cyclization was monitored via Fourier transform IR spectroscopy (FTIR) and it was found that the degree of cyclization varies with the application of creep stress during the initial stages of cyclization at low temperatures (190°C and 210°C) in contrast to cyclization done at higher temperature (230°C). Herman molecular orientation factor was evaluated by polarized FTIR for PAN nanofibers cyclized with and without creep stress at 230°C-10 h. Subsequently, carbonization was performed at 1000°C and 1200°C for nanofibers cyclized at 230°C-10 h. Our results from XRD and Raman spectroscopy shows that the degree of graphitization and ordering of graphitic domains was enhanced for PAN nanofibers that were creep stressed during the cyclization process, even though both PAN nanofibers cyclized with creep stress and without creep stress showed the same amount of cyclized material. This increased degree of graphitization can be tracked to application of creep stress during the stabilization process which obviously favors the formation of sp2-hybridized carbon planes in the carbonization process. This finding highlights the impact of mechanical stress linking the cyclization of PAN nanofibers to graphitization.
Our results will pave the way for a deeper understanding of mechano-chemical processes to fabricate well-aligned graphitic domains which improves the mechanical and electrical properties of CNFs.
Improving the graphitic structure in carbon nanofibers (CNFs) is important for exploiting their potential in mechanical, electrical and electrochemical applications. Typically, the synthesis of carbon fibers with a highly graphitized structure demands a high temperature of almost 2500 °C. Furthermore, to achieve an improved graphitic structure, the stabilization of a precursor fiber has to be assisted by the presence of tension in order to enhance the molecular orientation. Keeping this in view, herein we report on the fabrication of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) doped carbon nanofibers using electrospinning followed by oxidative stabilization and carbonization. The effect of doping GNPs on the graphitic structure was investigated by carbonizing them at various temperatures (1000 °C, 1200 °C, 1500 °C and 1700 °C). Additionally, a stabilization was achieved with and without constant creep stress (only shrinkage stress) for both pristine and doped precursor nanofibers, which were eventually carbonized at 1700 °C. Our findings reveal that the GNPs doping results in improving the graphitic structure of polyacrylonitrile (PAN). Further, in addition to the templating effect during the nucleation and growth of graphitic crystals, the GNPs encapsulated in the PAN nanofiber matrix act in-situ as micro clamp units performing the anchoring function by preventing the loss of molecular orientation during the stabilization stage, when no external tension is applied to nanofiber mats. The templating effect of the entire graphitization process is reflected by an increased electrical conductivity along the fibers. Simultaneously, the electrical anisotropy is reduced, i.e., the GNPs provide effective pathways with improved conductivity acting like bridges between the nanofibers resulting in an improved conductivity across the fiber direction compared to the pristine PAN system.
The reactivity of graphene at its boundary region has been imaged using non-linear spectroscopy to address the controversy whether the terraces of graphene or its edges are more reactive. Graphene was functionalised with phenyl groups, and we subsequently scanned our vibrational sum-frequency generation setup from the functionalised graphene terraces across the edges. A greater phenyl signal is clearly observed at the edges, showing evidence of increased reactivity in the boundary region. We estimate an upper limit of 1 mm for the width of the CVD graphene boundary region.
We report the unambiguous detection of phenyl groups covalently attached to functionalised graphene using non-linear spectroscopy. Sum-frequency generation was employed to probe graphene on a gold surface after chemical functionalisation using a benzene diazonium salt. We observe a distinct resonance at 3064 cm1 which can clearly be assigned to an aromatic C–H stretch by comparison with a self-assembled monolayer on a gold substrate formed from benzenethiol. Not only does sum-frequency generation spectroscopy allow one to characterise functionalised graphene with higher sensitivity and much better specificity than many other spectroscopic techniques, but it also opens up the possibility to assess the coverage of graphene with functional groups, and to determine their orientation relative to the graphene surface.
Digital data on tangible and intangible cultural assets is an essential part of daily life, communication and experience. It has a lasting influence on the perception of cultural identity as well as on the interactions between research, the cultural economy and society. Throughout the last three decades, many cultural heritage institutions have contributed a wealth of digital representations of cultural assets (2D digital reproductions of paintings, sheet music, 3D digital models of sculptures, monuments, rooms, buildings), audio-visual data (music, film, stage performances), and procedural research data such as encoding and annotation formats. The long-term preservation and FAIR availability of research data from the cultural heritage domain is fundamentally important, not only for future academic success in the humanities but also for the cultural identity of individuals and society as a whole. Up to now, no coordinated effort for professional research data management on a national level exists in Germany. NFDI4Culture aims to fill this gap and create a usercentered, research-driven infrastructure that will cover a broad range of research domains from musicology, art history and architecture to performance, theatre, film, and media studies.
The research landscape addressed by the consortium is characterized by strong institutional differentiation. Research units in the consortium's community of interest comprise university institutes, art colleges, academies, galleries, libraries, archives and museums. This diverse landscape is also characterized by an abundance of research objects, methodologies and a great potential for data-driven research. In a unique effort carried out by the applicant and co-applicants of this proposal and ten academic societies, this community is interconnected for the first time through a federated approach that is ideally suited to the needs of the participating researchers. To promote collaboration within the NFDI, to share knowledge and technology and to provide extensive support for its users have been the guiding principles of the consortium from the beginning and will be at the heart of all workflows and decision-making processes. Thanks to these principles, NFDI4Culture has gathered strong support ranging from individual researchers to highlevel cultural heritage organizations such as the UNESCO, the International Council of Museums, the Open Knowledge Foundation and Wikimedia. On this basis, NFDI4Culture will take innovative measures that promote a cultural change towards a more reflective and sustainable handling of research data and at the same time boost qualification and professionalization in data-driven research in the domain of cultural heritage. This will create a long-lasting impact on science, cultural economy and society as a whole.
Herausgeberwerk (Litzcke & Schuh): 1. Modewellen des Managements 2. Wohin die Reise geht - Folgen des Wertewandels für die Führungskräfteentwicklung 3. Umgang mit Veränderungen - Psychologie für ein erfolgreiches Changemanagement 4. Weiterentwicklung des öffentlichen Dienstes durch Evaluation 5. Qualiätsmanagement im Bundesnachrichtendienst 6. Unternehmen BfV - Realität oder Trugschluss?
In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird auf eine per Gesetz vorgeschriebene Frauenquote in Deutschland eingegangen. Im Fokus steht die Frage, ob Frauendiskriminierung durch eine solche Vorschrift tatsächlich bekämpft werden kann oder ob vielmehr die Männer diskriminiert würden. Zudem werden mögliche Unterschiede in den Führungsstilen zwischen Frauen und Männern untersucht sowie einige bereits vorhandene Frauenquoten in Politik und Wirtschaft vorgestellt.
Background: Health information systems (HIS) are one of the most important areas for biomedical and health informatics. In order to professionally deal with HIS well-educated informaticians are needed. Because of these reasons, in 2001 an international course has been established: The Frank – van Swieten Lectures on Strategic Information Management of Health Information Systems.
Objectives: Reporting about the Frank – van Swieten Lectures and about our students‘ feedback on this course during the last 16 years. Summarizing our lessons learned and making recommendations for such international courses on HIS.
Methods: The basic concept of the Frank – van Swieten lectures is to teach the theoretical background in local lectures, to organize practical exercises on modelling sub-information systems of the respective local HIS and finally to conduct Joint Three Days as an international meeting were the resulting models are introduced and compared.
Results: During the last 16 years, the Universities of Amsterdam, Braunschweig, Heidelberg/Heilbronn, Leipzig as well as UMIT were involved in running this course. Overall, 517 students from these universities participated. Our students‘ feedback was clearly positive.
The Joint Three Days of the Frank – van Swieten Lectures, where at the end of the course all students can meet, turned out to be an important component of this course. Based on the last 16 years, we recommend common teaching materials, agreement on equivalent clinical areas for the exercises, support of group building of international student groups, motivation of using a collaboration platform, ensuring quality management of the course, addressing different levels of knowledge of the students, and ensuring sufficient funding for joint activities.
Conclusions: Although associated with considerable additional efforts, we can clearly recommend establishing such international courses on HIS, such as the Frank – van Swieten Lectures.
Hospizarbeit und ihre Öffentlichkeitsarbeit im Blick auf junge Menschen. Ein Forschungsprojekt
(2023)
Den Hospizgedanken in die Mitte der Gesellschaft zu tragen ist eine der Kernaufgaben der Hospizarbeit. Dafür ist eine aktive, engagierte und lebendige Öffentlichkeitsarbeit notwendig, die ihren Inhalt genauso aktiv im Blick hat, wie ihre Zielgruppe. Wie kann diese gestaltet werden und wie kann es gelingen, Menschen und insbesondere auch jüngere Menschen für das Ehrenamt in der Hospizarbeit zu gewinnen? Wie können junge Menschen die Hospizarbeit mitgestalten, unterstützen und verändern?
Ziel der Online-Umfrage war es, zunächst einen Überblick über die (Alters-) Strukturen des Haupt- sowie Ehrenamts zu gewinnen. Des Weiteren wurde untersucht, ob das Engagement junger Menschen im hospizlichen Ehrenamt gewünscht ist, wie dieses bisher wahrgenommen wird und welche Hoffnungen, aber auch Bedenken gegenüber jungem Ehrenamt geäußert werden.
Darüber hinaus diente die Umfrage dazu, einen Überblick über bereits bestehende Maßnahmen zur Öffentlichkeitsarbeit im Allgemeinen sowie speziell bezogen auf die Zielgruppe zu erlangen. Zusätzlich ließen sich dadurch (neue) Ansatzpunkte für eine erfolgreiche Öffentlichkeitsarbeit in und für die (niedersächsische) Hospizlandschaft zusammentragen.
Die Reproduzierbarkeit von Studien ist wichtig, um ihre Ergebnisse prüfen zu können. Auch bei Forschung, die auf frühere Ergebnisse aufbaut, wird zuweilen ein Zugang zu den alten Daten oder dem Source Code benötigt. Diese Arbeit analysiert Studien aus der Computerlinguistik hinsichtlich ihrer Reproduzierbarkeit. Zunächst werden die Begrifflichkeiten zu diesem speziellen Gebiet definiert und im folgenden Schritt wird ein Datensatz erstellt, in dem ausgewählte Open-Access-Studien aus dem Jahre 2018 auf der Basis zuvor festgelegter Kriterien bewertet werden. Diese sind unter anderem die Zugänglichkeit des benutzten Materials, der angewendeten Methoden und der Ergebnisse. Neben den Kriterien werden auch Hypothesen zu diesem Datensatz aufgestellt. Schließlich werden die Ergebnisse visualisiert und hinsichtlich besagter Hypothesen interpretiert. Basierend auf der resultierenden Auswertung sind die meisten Studien reproduzierbar. Im Ausblick werden mögliche Weiterführungen und Erweiterungen dieser Untersuchung erläutert.
Background: In Germany, hospice and palliative care is well covered through inpatient, outpatient, and home-based care services. It is unknown if, and to what extent, there is a need for additional day care services to meet the specific needs of patients and caregivers.
Methods: Two day hospices and two palliative day care clinics were selected. In the first step, two managers from each facility (n = 8) were interviewed by telephone, using a semi-structured interview guide. In the second step, four focus groups were conducted, each with three to seven representatives of hospice and palliative care from the facilities’ hospice and palliative care networks. Interviews and focus groups were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and analyzed using qualitative content analysis.
Results: The interviewed experts perceived day care services as providing additional patient and caregiver benefits. Specifically, the services were perceived to meet patient needs for social interaction and bundled treatments, especially for patients who did not fit into inpatient settings (due to, e.g., their young age or a lack of desire for inpatient admission). The services were also perceived to meet caregiver needs for support, providing short-term relief for the home care situation.
Conclusions: The results suggest that inpatient, outpatient, and home-based hospice and palliative care services do not meet the palliative care needs of all patients. Although the population that is most likely to benefit from day care services is assumed to be relatively small, such services may meet the needs of certain patient groups more effectively than other forms of care.
Die vorliegende Diplomarbeit beschäftigt sich mit dem Qualitätsmanagementverfahren der Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Kunst- und Museumsbibliotheken (AKMB). Dargestellt werden Hintergrund, Entwicklung und Praxis des Qualitätsmanagementverfahrens. Im Fokus stehen dabei die 83 Standards der AKMB. Die Arbeit verfolgt einen sehr praxisorientierten Ansatz, beleuchtet die Standards aus mehreren Perspektiven und liefert zahlreiche Empfehlungen, Erläuterungen, Checklisten und Hintergrundinformationen. Wer sich mit Qualitätsmanagement in Bibliotheken beschäftigen, auf ein Audit vorbereiten oder einen Einblick in die Entwicklung eines QM-Verfahrens erhalten möchte, findet in der vorliegenden Arbeit entsprechende Informationen.
Vergleich von nativer App- und Cross-Platform-Entwicklung (Facebook React Native und Google Flutter)
(2020)
Die Entwicklung mobiler Applikationen für iOS und Android ist in der Regel mit viel Arbeit verbunden, da man für beide Plattformen gezwungenermaßen unterschiedlichen Quelltext schreiben muss. Abhilfe für dieses Problem schaffen Cross-Platform-Frameworks wie React Native von Facebook oder Flutter von Google. Anhand dieser Frameworks lassen sich Apps für beide Plattformen mit nur einer Codebase entwickeln. Eine kritische Stelle und oft gebrauchtes Kontra-Argument gegen die Entwicklung mit Cross-Platform-Frameworks ist die Hardwarenähe der nativen Applikationen, an welcher es den Frameworks vermeintlich mangelt. Doch wie ist der Stand der Dinge im Jahr 2020? Können Cross-Platform-Frameworks inzwischen performant und einfach auf Hardwarekomponenten zugreifen und machen damit die mühsame, native Entwicklung für iOS und Android vor allem in Anbetracht der Entwicklung von größerer Enterprise-Software obsolet?
Dieser Frage wird in dieser Arbeit nachgegangen und generell überprüft wie tauglich die Cross-Platform-Entwicklung ist. Nach dem Lesen dieser Bachelorarbeit sollte entschieden werden können, ob Cross-Platform-Frameworks für das Anwendungsproblem des Lesers geeignet sind. Um die Forschungsfrage zu beantworten, wurden je zwei Applikationen im Rahmen einer Fallstudie für je iOS und Android entwickelt, damit geprüft werden konnte, wie förderlich die zuvor genannten Frameworks sind. Der Fokus der Arbeit liegt also auf der Güte bzw. dem heutigen Stand der Cross-Platform-Entwicklung, vor allem im Bezug auf die Benutzung von Hardwarekomponenten bzw. betriebssystemspezifischen Diensten (Bluetooth, Kamera, etc.).
Die Ergebnisse der Fallstudie zeigen, dass es stets auf den Kontext und die Komplexität der zu realisierenden Anwendung ankommt inwiefern Cross-Platform-Frameworks verwendet werden können. In simplen Anwendungsfällen können Frameworks meist zu einer erheblichen Kostenminimierung und Zeitersparnis führen, wohingegen bei komplexeren Anwendungen relativ schnell Grenzen und starke Abhängigkeiten erreicht werden.
FID Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urbanism digital - A platform for science (BAUdigital)
(2022)
University Library Braunschweig (UB Braunschweig), University and State Library Darmstadt (ULB Darmstadt), TIB – Leibniz Information Centre for Technology and Natural Sciences and the Fraunhofer Information Centre for Planning and Building (Fraunhofer IRB) are jointly establishing a specialised information service (FID, "Fachinformationsdienst") for the disciplines of civil engineering, architecture and urbanism. The FID BAUdigital, which is funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG, "Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"), will provide researchers working on digital design, planning and production methods in construction engineering with a joint information, networking and data exchange platform and support them with innovative services for documentation, archiving and publication in their data-based research.
Hadoop is a Java-based open source programming framework, which supports the processing and storage of large volumes of data sets in a distributed computing environment. On the other hand, an overwhelming majority of organizations are moving their big data processing and storing to the cloud to take advantage of cost reduction – the cloud eliminates the need for investing heavily in infrastructures, which may or may not be used by organizations. This paper shows how organizations can alleviate some of the obstacles faced when trying to make Hadoop run in the cloud.
Our work is motivated primarily by the lack of standardization in the area of Event Processing Network (EPN) models. We identify general requirements for such models. These requirements encompass the possibility to describe events in the real world, to establish temporal and causal relationships among the events, to aggregate the events, to organize the events into a hierarchy, to categorize the events into simple or complex, to create an EPN model in an easy and simple way and to use that model ad hoc. As the major contribution, this paper applies the identified requirements to the RuleCore model.
In this paper, five ontologies are described, which include the event concepts. The paper provides an overview and comparison of existing event models. The main criteria for comparison are that there should be possibilities to model events with stretch in the time and location and participation of objects; however, there are other factors that should be taken into account as well. The paper also shows an example of using ontologies in complex event processing.
OSGi in Cloud Environments
(2013)
With an increasing complexity and scale, sufficient evaluation of Information Systems (IS) becomes a challenging and difficult task. Simulation modeling has proven as suitable and efficient methodology for evaluating IS and IS artifacts, presupposed it meets certain quality demands. However, existing research on simulation modeling quality solely focuses on quality in terms of accuracy and credibility, disregarding the role of additional quality aspects. Therefore, this paper proposes two design artifacts in order to ensure a holistic quality view on simulation quality. First, associated literature is reviewed in order to extract relevant quality factors in the context of simulation modeling, which can be used to evaluate the overall quality of a simulated solution before, during or after a given project. Secondly, the deduced quality factors are integrated in a quality assessment framework to provide structural guidance on the quality assessment procedure for simulation. In line with a Design Science Research (DSR) approach, we demonstrate the eligibility of both design artifacts by means of prototyping as well as an example case. Moreover, the assessment framework is evaluated and iteratively adjusted with the help of expert feedback.
Der Autor setzt sich mit der Frage auseinander, ob pastoralpsychologisch ausgebildete Seelsorger/innen besonders geeignet sind, Mitarbeitende in Kirche und Diakonie zu supervidieren? In der Auseinandersetzung mit Vertretern der pastoralpsychologischen Supervision kommt er zu dem Ergebnis, dass die postulierten Vorteile nur dann zum Tragen kommen, wenn die Supervisoren ihre berufsbezogene Beratungstätigkeit von der theologischen Arbeit zu unterscheiden und zu trennen wissen.
Was bedeutet es beratungswissenschaftlich und beratungspraktisch, wenn
wie bei Astrid Schreyögg Coaching als Instrument einer Personalentwicklung im Sinne Oswald Neubergers verstanden wird, der ausdrücklich betont: „Der Mensch ist Mittel. Punkt.“ Wie ist ein solches Coachingverständnis diskursanalytisch zuzuordnen, in dem eine bestimmte Arbeits‐ und Organisationspsychologie sich in den Dienst eines bestimmten Verständnisses von Personalwirtschaft stellt? Wie wirkt sich dies in der konkreten Beratungspraxis aus? Welches Menschenbild liegt einem solchen Coaching zugrunde? Lassen sich historisch Modelle rekonstruieren, in denen psychologische Methoden und Techniken im Interesse einer bestimmten ökonomistischen Weltanschauung und Haltung instrumentalisiert wurden? Der Autor vertritt die These, dass „Psychotechnik“ und „Menschenökonomie“ aus den 1910er‐ und 1920er‐Jahren charakteristische Ähnlichkeiten mit einem personalentwicklungsorientierten Coaching aufweisen, wie es Schreyögg unter Rückgriff auf Neubergers Lehrbuch vertritt.
Mit Blick auf Cora Baltussens Leben, Wirken und Beratungsverständnis werden die demokratischen, emanzipatorischen und internationalen Wurzeln der Rezeption der Profession Supervision in Deutschland in den 1950er und 1960er Jahren betont. Das ist besonders notwendig angesichts kritischer Weiterentwicklungen von Supervision und Coaching, bei denen die professionsethischen Grundlagenfragen zum Teil aus dem Blick geraten.
In der philosophischen Ethik wird unterschieden zwischen deskriptiver Ethik, normativer Ethik und Metaethik. In diesem Beitrag steht die normative Ethik im Mittelpunkt. Es soll die Frage erörtert werden, welche ethischen Kriterien für die Praxis von Beratung gelten sollten. Zu diesem Zweck werden zunächst beratungskritische Traditionen angeführt und im Anschluss professionsethische Überlegungen mit Rückgriff auf Impulse aus Foucaults Philosophie angestellt.
Zu den Phänomenen digitalisierter Kommunikation ist inzwischen auch die Chatberatung zu zählen. Vor diesem Hintergrund zeigt sich die Notwendigkeit, Kommunikation via Chat phänomenologisch zu durchdringen, sozialtheoretisch einzuordnen und beratungsethisch kritisch zu reflektieren. Dies geschieht am Beispiel der Chatseelsorge, die zugleich von Beratung unterschieden wird.
The paper provides a comprehensive overview of modeling and pricing cyber insurance and includes clear and easily understandable explanations of the underlying mathematical concepts. We distinguish three main types of cyber risks: idiosyncratic, systematic, and systemic cyber risks. While for idiosyncratic and systematic cyber risks, classical actuarial and financial mathematics appear to be well-suited, systemic cyber risks require more sophisticated approaches that capture both network and strategic interactions. In the context of pricing cyber insurance policies, issues of interdependence arise for both systematic and systemic cyber risks; classical actuarial valuation needs to be extended to include more complex methods, such as concepts of risk-neutral valuation and (set-valued) monetary risk measures.
Bei der vorliegenden Arbeit handelt es sich um eine überarbeitete Version einer Hausarbeit im Modul Research Management im Masterstudiengang Unternehmensentwicklung im Sommersemester 2014 bei Prof. Dr. Sven Litzcke. In der Arbeit wird untersucht, ob die oftmals vorherrschende Meinung zutrifft, dass Studierende wirtschaftsorientierter Studiengänge ihre Studiengangwahl aufgrund der positiven Karriere- und Verdienstmöglichkeiten und unter Vernachlässigung ihrer persönlichen Neigungen und Interessen getroffen haben. Mittels eines Fragebogens werden die Ausprägungen der Motivationsformen extrinsische und intrinsische Motivation von Studierenden der Fakultät IV Wirtschaft und Informatik der Hochschule Hannover gemessen. Da Studierenden von künstlerischen und kreativen Studiengängen dieses Verhalten nicht unterstellt wird, werden Studierende der Fakultät III Medien, Information und Design der Hochschule Hannover als Vergleichsgruppe herangezogen. Die Untersuchung orientiert sich an der Hypothese, dass die extrinsische Motivation von Studierenden der Fakultät IV der Hochschule Hannover in Bezug auf ihr Studium stärker ausgeprägt ist als die von Studierenden an der Fakultät III der Hochschule Hannover. Da vermutet wird, dass die Fakultät IV der Hochschule Hannover nicht aus einer homogenen Gruppe besteht, untersucht diese Arbeit zudem die Hypothese, dass die extrinsische Motivation von Studierenden im Studiengang Betriebswirtschaftslehre in Bezug auf ihr Studium stärker ausgeprägt ist, als die von Studierenden der Angewandten Informatik. Die Auswertung von 312 Fragebögen hat beide Hypothesen bestätigt. Studierende der Fakultät III sind weniger extrinsisch und stärker intrinsisch motiviert als Studierende der Fakultät IV. Zudem sind Studierende der Betriebswirtschaftslehre an der Hochschule Hannover stärker extrinsisch motiviert als Studierende der Angewandten Informatik an der Hochschule Hannover.
The objective of this study is to analyze noise patterns during 599 visceral surgical procedures. Considering work-safety regulations, we will identify immanent noise patterns during major visceral surgeries. Increased levels of noise are known to have negative health impacts. Based on a very finegrained data collection over a year, this study will introduce a new procedure for visual representation of intra-surgery noise progression and pave new paths for future research on noise reduction in visceral surgery. Digital decibel sound-level meters were used to record the total noise in three operating theatres in one-second cycles over a year. These data were matched to archival data on surgery characteristics. Because surgeries inherently vary in length, we developed a new procedure to normalize surgery times to run cross-surgery comparisons. Based on this procedure, dBA values were adjusted to each normalized time point. Noise-level patterns are presented for surgeries contingent on important surgery characteristics: 16 different surgery types, operation method, day/night time point and operation complexity (complexity levels 1–3). This serves to cover a wide spectrum of day-to-day surgeries. The noise patterns reveal significant sound level differences of about 1 dBA, with the mostcommon noise level being spread between 55 and 60 dBA. This indicates a sound situation in many of the surgeries studied likely to cause stress in patients and staff. Absolute and relative risks of meeting or exceeding 60 dBA differ considerably across operation types. In conclusion, the study reveals that maximum noise levels of 55 dBA are frequently exceeded during visceral surgical procedures. Especially complex surgeries show, on average, a higher noise exposure. Our findings warrant active noise management for visceral surgery to reduce potential negative impacts of noise on surgical performance and outcome.
Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, eine kommentierte Dokumentation der Entwicklung des Kunstportals ARTRIKAT unter Verwendung des Content-Management-Systems TYPO3 zu erstellen. Das Kunstportal ARTRIKAT ist eine Community-Plattform für Kunstschaffende und Kunstinteressierte. Dort können sich die Künstler kostenpflichtig registrieren und ihre Werke in 2D- oder 3D-Galerien virtuell ausstellen und verkaufen. Außerdem stehen übliche Community-Funktionalitäten wie Terminkalender, ein internes Messaging-System sowie eine Schnittstelle zum Hochladen der Werke zur Verfügung. Das Portal beinhaltet darüber hinaus ein Nachrichten-Modul, eine Linksammlung mit geprüften Internetquellen zu kunstrelevanten Themen, einen Museumsshop und einen Kunstkatalog, in dem die Künstler mit ihren Werken vorgestellt werden. Der Hauptteil der vorliegenden Arbeit beschäftigt sich vornehmlich mit der ersten Phase der Portalentwicklung -- von der Konzeptionierung über die Programmierung bis zum Launch. Es wird untersucht, inwiefern sich TYPO3 für ein Projekt wie ARTRIKAT eignet. Außerdem beschreibt die Arbeit einige wichtige Probleme, die während der Entwicklung aufgetreten sind. Mögliche Lösungsansätze werden dargestellt.
Führung von Mitarbeitern ist eine zentrale Aufgabe in jedem Unternehmen, die permanent verschiedenen organisatorischen und gesellschaftlichen Veränderungen unterliegt. Im Jahr 2020 löste die COVID-19-Pandemie eine weitreichende Veränderung in der Gesellschaft, der Volkswirtschaft und in den Unternehmen aus. Neben ökonomischen Verlusten führte die Pandemie in vielen Unternehmen zu einer unvermittelten Einführung der flächendeckenden Arbeit im Home-Office. In dieser Arbeit wird untersucht, welche Herausforderungen die Pandemie an die Mitarbeiterführung stellt und welche Positiv- und Negativfaktoren von Führung in der COVID-19-Pandemie in einem ausgewählten Unternehmen identifiziert werden können. Im Rahmen von qualitativen Einzelinterviews mit 16 Führungskräften aus dem Unternehmen wurden insgesamt 51 positive und negative kritische Führungsereignisse mithilfe der Methode der kritischen Ereignisse identifiziert. Aus den 51 kritischen Führungsereignissen konnten 11 Positivfaktoren und 14 Negativfaktoren von Führung abgeleitet werden. Die Ergebnisse dieser Untersuchung zeigen, dass die Kommunikation über neue Informations- und Kommunikationsmittel sowie der mangelnde informelle Austausch wesentliche Herausforderungen für die erfolgreiche Führung von Mitarbeitern im Home-Office darstellen. Insbesondere durch Positivfaktoren wie der Durchführung kurzer, regelmäßiger virtueller Zusammentreffen aller Teammitglieder und einer zielführenden Nutzung neuer technischer Möglichkeiten kann den Besonderheiten der Pandemie und der Führung von Mitarbeitern im Home-Office begegnet werden.
Mitarbeiterzeitschriften nehmen in der internen Kommunikation von Unternehmen und Non-Profit-Organisationen über 100 Jahre eine zentrale Rolle ein und verlieren auch durch Einzug der Sozialen Medien nicht an Bedeutung. Seit 2007 befinden sich die Mitarbeiterzeitschriften der Arbeitsstelle für innerbetriebliche Kommunikation an der Hochschule Hannover. Das Mitarbeiterzeitschriftenarchiv besteht aus über 750 Zeitschriftentiteln, die bisher öffentlich nicht verzeichnet sind. Im theoretischen Teil der vorliegenden Bachelorarbeit verdeutlichen die geschichtlichen, funktionalen, inhaltlichen Darstellungen der Publikationsform wie wichtig diese für die berufliche Praxis sowie für die sozialwissenschaftliche und linguistische Forschung sind. Mittels eines Fragebogens lässt sich das Bestandsmanagement beispielhaft an einigen deutschen Bibliotheken und Archiven darstellen. Anhand einer Bestandsanalyse und einer fach- und bibliotheksspezifischen Bestandsbewertung des Mitarbeiterzeitschriftenarchivs der Hochschule Hannover leiten sich bestands- und ressourcentechnische Handlungsempfehlungen für die Bibliothek der Hochschule Hannover ab und zeigen eine Möglichkeit wie das Mitarbeiterzeitschriftenarchiv zukünftig weitergeführt wird. Zum Schluss der Bachelorarbeit kommen u.a. die Urheberrechtsproblematik bei der Digitalisierung sowie Vorschläge zur Anbindung an eine Virtuelle Forschungsumgebung als auch die digitale Abgabe der Mitarbeiterzeitschrift zur Sprache.