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Research information, i.e., data about research projects, organisations, researchers or research outputs such as publications or patents, is spread across the web, usually residing in institutional and personal web pages or in semi-open databases and information systems. While there exists a wealth of unstructured information, structured data is limited and often exposed following proprietary or less-established schemas and interfaces. Therefore, a holistic and consistent view on research information across organisational and national boundaries is not feasible. On the other hand, web crawling and information extraction techniques have matured throughout the last decade, allowing for automated approaches of harvesting, extracting and consolidating research information into a more coherent knowledge graph. In this work, we give an overview of the current state of the art in research information sharing on the web and present initial ideas towards a more holistic approach for boot-strapping research information from available web sources.
Vorgestellt wird ein Ansatz zur objektorientierten Modellierung, Simulation und Animation von Informationssystemen. Es wird ein Vorgehensmodell dargestellt, mit dem unter Verwendung des beschriebenen Ansatzes Anforderungs- oder Systemspezifikationen von Rechnergestützten Informationssystemen erstellt werden können. Der Ansatz basiert auf einem Metamodell zur Beschreibung Rechnergestützter Informationssysteme und verfügt über eine rechnergestützte Modellierungsumgebung. Anhand eines Projektes zur Entwicklung einer Anforderungsspezifikation für ein rechnergestütztes Pflegedokumentations- und -kommunikationssystems wird der Einsatz der Methode beispielhaft illustriert.
Compounds that exhibit the spin crossover effect are known to show a change of spin states through external stimuli. This reversible switching of spin states is accompanied by a change of the properties of the compound. Complexes, like iron (II)-triazole complexes, that exhibit this behavior at ambient temperature are often discussed for potential applications. In previous studies we synthesized iron (II)-triazole complexes and implemented them into electrospun nanofibers. We used Mössbauer spectroscopy in first studies to prove a successful implementation with maintaining spin crossover properties. Further studies from us showed that it is possible to use different electrospinning methods to either do a implementation or a deposition of the synthesized solid SCO material into or onto the polymer nanofibers. We now used a solvent in which both, the used iron (II)-triazole complex [Fe(atrz)3](2 ns)2 and three different polymers (Polyacrylonitrile, Polymethylmethacrylate and Polyvinylpyrrolidone), are soluble. This shall lead to a higher homogeneous distribution of the complex along the nanofibers. Mössbauer spectroscopy and other measurements are therefore in use to show a successful implementation without any significant changes to the complex.
Die Weltwirtschaftskrise des Jahres 1929 beendete ein „goldenes Zeitalter“. Sie veränderte nachhaltig die internationale Völkergemeinschaft, unter anderem in Bezug auf den Welthandel, die Finanzströme und die Arbeitslosigkeit. Die Auswirkungen unserer heutigen Krise scheinen vergleichbar, die Ausgangslage, Ursachen und Verantwortung sind jedoch grundverschieden.<br /> Kein Lehrbuch und keine Vorlesung haben uns auf diese Krisenform vorbereitet. Auch liegen keine wirtschaftspolitischen Erfahrungen vor, die als Grundlage zur Bewältigung einer Krise in dieser Dimension dienen könnten. Aber wir können– obgleich die Krise andauert – schon heute beobachten, dass die Konsequenzen anders ausfallen und zu langfristigen, einschneidenden Veränderungen führen.<br /> Mit unserer Fachveranstaltung bieten wir Erklärungsansätze und diskutieren über Verantwortung und Konsequenzen. Drei Beiträge führen aus unterschiedlichen Perspektiven in das Thema ein.
This paper presents the fundamental investigation on crack propagation rate (CPR) and Stress Intensity Factor (SIF) for a typical fatigue and welded specimens which are Compact Tension (CT) and Single Edge Notch Tension (SENT) as well as Butt and longitudinal T-joint. The material data of austenitic stainless steel SS316L was used to observe crack propagation rate with different initial crack length and different tensile load was used for the fracture mechanics investigation. The geometry of the specimens was modelled by using open source software CASCA while Franc 2D was used for post processing based on Paris Erdogan Law with different crack increment steps. The analysis of crack propagation using fracture mechanics technique requires an accurate calculation of the stress intensity factor SIF and comparison of the critical strength of the material (KIC) was used to determine the critical crack length of the specimens. it can be concluded that open source finite element method software can be used for predicting of fatigue life on simplified geometry.
Microservices build a deeply distributed system. Although this offers significant flexibility for development teams and helps to find solutions for scalability or security questions, it also intensifies the drawbacks of a distributed system. This article offers a decision framework, which helps to increase the resiliency of microservices. A metamodel is used to represent services, resiliency patterns, and quality attributes. Furthermore, the general idea for a suggestion procedure is outlined.
NOA is a search engine for scientific images from open access publications based on full text indexing of all text referring to the images and filtering for disciplines and image type. Images will be annotated with Wikipedia categories for better discoverability and for uploading to WikiCommons. Currently we have indexed approximately 2,7 Million images from over 710 000 scientific papers from all fields of science.
Scientific papers from all disciplines contain many abbreviations and acronyms. In many cases these acronyms are ambiguous. We present a method to choose the contextual correct definition of an acronym that does not require training for each acronym and thus can be applied to a large number of different acronyms with only few instances. We constructed a set of 19,954 examples of 4,365 ambiguous acronyms from image captions in scientific papers along with their contextually correct definition from different domains. We learn word embeddings for all words in the corpus and compare the averaged context vector of the words in the expansion of an acronym with the weighted average vector of the words in the context of the acronym. We show that this method clearly outperforms (classical) cosine similarity. Furthermore, we show that word embeddings learned from a 1 billion word corpus of scientific exts outperform word embeddings learned from much larger general corpora.
Concreteness of words has been studied extensively in psycholinguistic literature. A number of datasets have been created with average values for perceived concreteness of words. We show that we can train a regression model on these data, using word embeddings and morphological features, that can predict these concreteness values with high accuracy. We evaluate the model on 7 publicly available datasets. Only for a few small subsets of these datasets prediction of concreteness values are found in the literature. Our results clearly outperform the reported results for these datasets.
Concreteness of words has been measured and used in psycholinguistics already for decades. Recently, it is also used in retrieval and NLP tasks. For English a number of well known datasets has been established with average values for perceived concreteness.
We give an overview of available datasets for German, their correlation and evaluate prediction algorithms for concreteness of German words. We show that these algorithms achieve similar results as for English datasets. Moreover, we show for all datasets there are no significant differences between a prediction model based on a regression model using word embeddings as features and a prediction algorithm based on word similarity according to the same embeddings.
Image captions in scientific papers usually are complementary to the images. Consequently, the captions contain many terms that do not refer to concepts visible in the image. We conjecture that it is possible to distinguish between these two types of terms in an image caption by analysing the text only. To examine this, we evaluated different features. The dataset we used to compute tf.idf values, word embeddings and concreteness values contains over 700 000 scientific papers with over 4,6 million images. The evaluation was done with a manually annotated subset of 329 images. Additionally, we trained a support vector machine to predict whether a term is a likely visible or not. We show that concreteness of terms is a very important feature to identify terms in captions and context that refer to concepts visible in images.
In diesem Artikel wird die strategische Vorausschau als eine Methode der Zukunftsforschung vorgestellt. Die entwickelten Szenarien können Entscheidern helfen, besser auf zukünftige Entwicklungen vorbereitet zu sein. Die GIL könnte eine Plattform sein, um Trends in der Landwirtschaft und Agrarinformatik zu identifizieren.
Die Forderungen, auch nicht personenbezogene Daten besser zu schützen, nehmen zu. Dies gilt auch für die Landwirtschaft. Landwirte fordern selbstbewusst „Meine Daten gehören mir“ und wollen für die Bereitstellung ihrer Betriebsdaten angemessen entlohnt werden. Es spricht aber einiges dafür, dass die meisten der erhobenen Daten kaum einen ökonomischen Wert aufweisen. In diesem Artikel wird systematisch untersucht, welche Arten von Daten es gibt und welchen Marktwert sie vermutlich haben. Da Daten digitale Güter sind, gelten für sie dieselben Besonderheiten wie für sonstigen digitalen Content, wie einfache Kopier- und Veränderbarkeit. Die Analyse kommt zu dem Schluss, dass die meisten Daten in der Landwirtschaft vermutlich nur einen geringen Wert aufweisen, der eine Vermarktung, aber auch einen aufwendigen juristischen Schutz nicht rechtfertigt. Erst durch Datenaggregation und geschickte Auswertung dieser Rohdaten werden quasi in einer Veredelungsstufe nützliche Informationen erzeugt. Vermutlich wäre es aber am besten, möglichst viele Daten öffentlich zugänglich zu halten, sodass Werte durch innovative Geschäftsmodelle geschaffen werden, die auf diesen öffentlichen Daten aufbauen.
Digitale Marktplätze können die Kosten einer Handelstransaktion, die sog. Transaktionskosten, senken. Durch weiteren technischen Fortschritt und intelligente Handelsbots wird die Nutzung des Marktmechanismus immer kostengünstiger. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die bisherige Entwicklung von Digitalen Marktplätzen der Agrar- und Ernährungswirtschaft und eine mögliche Zukunft. Vermutlich werden die Transaktionskosten weiter fallen, sodass weitere Effizienzgewinne durch die vermehrte Nutzung von Märkten möglich sein werden.
A new type of rotary compressor, called “rotary-chamber compressor”, consists of two interlocking rotors with 4 wings each, that perform non-uniform rotary movements. Both rotors have the same direction of rotation, while one rotor is accelerating, the other rotor is retarding. After surpassing a specific mark, the sequence changes and the leading rotor begins to retard and vice versa. Due to the resulting relative phase difference, the volume between the two wings is changing periodically, which allows pulsating working chambers. The technology was first introduced by its founder Jürgen Schukey in 1987. Since then, no further development on this machine is known to us except our own. In this contribution, a study on the kinematics of the rotary-chamber-compressor is presented. Initial studies have shown that changes in the kinematics of the rotors will have a direct influence on the thermodynamical variables, which, if optimized, can lead to an increased performance of the machine. Therefore, a mathematical model has been developed to obtain the performance parameters from different kinematic concepts by using numerical CFD analysis. Furthermore, additional optimization possibilities will be listed and discussed.
Data and Information Science: Book of Abstracts at BOBCATSSS 2022 Hybrid Conference, 23rd - 25th of May 2022, Debrecen.
This year marks the 30th anniversary of the BOBCATSSS. The BOBCATSSS is an international, annual symposium designed for librarians and information professionals in a rapidly changing environment. Over the past 30 years, the conference has included exciting topics, great venues, interested guests and engaging presenters.
This year we would like to introduce the topics of the many papers presented in the Book of Abstracts for the first time in presence at the University of Debrecen and hybrid. The Book of Abstracts provides an overview of all presentations given at BOBCATSSS. Presentations are listed in alphabetical order by title and include speeches, Pecha Kuchas, posters and workshops.
The theme of BOBCATSSS is Data and Information Science. Data and information are the basis for decisions and processes in business, politics and science. Particularly important in the current era of digital transformation. This is exactly where this year's subthemes come in. They deal with data science, openness as well as institutional roles.
Veränderungen der Rechtsberufe durch neue Technologien - Beispiel: Wissensmanagement bei Anwälten
(2002)
Wissensmanagement ist eines der aktuellen Themen in Theorie und Praxis und wird in vielen verschiedenen Fachgebieten aufgegriffen. Für Anwälte wird die Berufsausübung derzeit durch mehrere verschiedene Entwicklungen geprägt – und zukünftig noch stärker geprägt werden - die zu einer anspruchsvollen Situation voller Herausforderungen führen. Viele der Entwicklungen haben unmittelbaren Bezug zu dem Umgang mit dem Wissen der Mitarbeiter und der Kanzlei und führen so zum Thema "Wissensmanagement bei Anwälten".