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- time-series forecast (1)
- transmission pathways (1)
- treatment approaches (1)
- vibrational sum-frequency spectroscopy (1)
- virulence genes (1)
- weaving technique (1)
- welfare (1)
- wet-dry swab technique (1)
- wet–dry swab technique (1)
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- Fakultät II - Maschinenbau und Bioverfahrenstechnik (211) (remove)
Unternehmen, die schnell auf veränderte Marktsituationen reagieren müssen, benötigen eine funktionierende Logistik, die eine Klammerfunktion für alle betrieblichen Bereiche ausübt. Kernstück eines Logistikkonzepts ist das PPS-System, das sich mit Hilfe zeitgemäßer Software immer mehr zur maßgeschneiderten Lösung entwickelt. Ein Weg, um Logistikmodule anforderungsgerecht einzuführen, lässt sich anhand eines besonderen Cim-Modells verdeutlichen, dessen letzter Arbeitsschritt das Auswählen von Hardware und Software ist.
Ausfall- und Ausfallfolgekosten sowie Wiederanlauf- und Zusatzlaufkosten zwingen auch nach betriebswirtschaftlichen Gesichtspunkten die Unternehmen, die Bedeutung und den Umfang der Instandhaltungsaktivitäten höher als bisher einzuschätzen. Der Artikel befasst sich mit der Fragen, warum die Wartung mit in das Logistik-Konzept aufgenommen werden soll.
Für eine Dimensionierung flexibler Klebverbindungen sind mehr und andere Kenndaten als die im Kurzeitversuch ermittelte Klebfestigkeiten notwendig. Das wirkt abschreckend, da ein beträchtlicher Aufwand notwendig ist. Jedoch zeigt ein Blick auf andere Bereiche, zum Beispiel auf Berechnungsverfahren für Bauteilen aus Stahl, daß auch hier nicht mehr mit Ergebnissen des Zugversuches dimensioniert wird. Nur dank aufwendigerer Verfahren, beispielweise der Benutzung von Smith-Diagrammen, ist hier das exakte Dimensionieren möglich.
The use of vibrational sum-frequency spectroscopy (VSFS) to study transferred graphene, produced by chemical vapour deposition, is presented. The VSF spectrum shows a clear CeH stretching mode at ~2924 cm⁻¹, which is attributed to residue of the polymer used for the transfer. This makes VSFS a powerful tool to identify adsorbates and contaminants affecting the properties of graphene.
Die Schaffung eines marktorientierten Lieferspektrums für eine optimale Marktversorgung stellt erhöhte Anforderungen an die Planung und Steuerung des Auftragsabwicklungsprozesses. Über ein betriebsspezifisch entwickeltes Logistikkonzept mit einer anforderungsgerechten CIM-Werkzeuganwahl lassen sich die vorhandenen Probleme, ein volles Fertigwarenlager mit nicht nachgefragten Fertigartikeln, lösen.
We report velocity-dependent internal energy distributions of nitric oxide molecules, NO, scattered off graphene supported on gold to further explore the dynamics of the collision process between NO radicals and graphene. These experiments were performed by directing a molecular beam of NO onto graphene in a surface-velocity map imaging setup, which allowed us to record internal energy distributions of the NO radicals as a function of their velocity. We do not observe bond formation but (1) major contributions from direct inelastic scattering and (2) a smaller trapping–desorption component where some physisorbed NO molecules have residence times on the order of microseconds. This is in agreement with our classical molecular dynamics simulations which also observe a small proportion of two- and multi-bounce collisions events but likewise a small proportion of NO radicals trapped at the surface for the entire length of the molecular dynamics simulations (a few picoseconds). Despite a collision energy of 0.31 eV, which would be sufficient to populate NO(v = 1), we do not detect vibrationally excited nitric oxide.
Worldwide, seagrass meadows are under threat. Consequently, there is a strong need for seagrass restoration to guarantee the provision of related ecosystem services such as nutrient cycling, carbon sequestration and habitat provision. Seagrass often grows in vast meadows in which the presence of seagrass itself leads to a reduction of hydrodynamic energy. By modifying the environment, seagrass thus serves as foundation species and ecosystem engineer improving habitat quality for itself and other species as well as positively affecting its own fitness. On the downside, this positive feedback mechanism can render natural recovery of vanished and destroyed seagrass meadows impossible. An innovative approach to promote positive feedback mechanisms in seagrass restoration is to create an artificial seagrass (ASG) that mimics the facilitation function of natural seagrass. ASG could provide a window of opportunity with respect to suitable hydrodynamic and light conditions as well as sediment stabilization to allow natural seagrass to re-establish. Here, we give an overview of challenges and open questions for the application of ASG to promote seagrass restoration based on experimental studies and restoration trials and we propose a general approach for the design of an ASG produced from biodegradable materials. Considering positive feedback mechanisms is crucial to support restoration attempts. ASG provides promising benefits when habitat conditions are too harsh for seagrass meadows to re-establish themselves.
Die Einführung von EDV-Systemen zur Steuerung und Überwachung des Produktionsprozesses, also in erster Linie PPS (Produktions-Planungs- und -Steuerungs-Systeme) und BDE (Betriebsdatenerfassungs-Systeme) ist im allgemeinen mit einem grossen Arbeits- und Kostenaufwand verbunden, wobei die Effizienz der implementierten Systeme häufig nicht den Erwartungen der Nutzer entspricht. Dies trifft besonders auf die Klein- und Mittelbetriebe zu, weil dort innerhalb der Betriebsorganisation keine Planstellen für EDV-Spezialisten vorgesehen sind, die bei der Umstellung auf eine EDV-Organisation helfen könnten. Diese Stellen liessen sich mit der alleinigen Erledigung von betrieblichen EDV-Aufgaben bei dieser Betriebsgrösse auch nicht wirtschaftlich rechnen. Es muss also vor einer solchen Einführung bereits klar sein, wie aus betriebsorganisatorischer Sicht die EDV mit den vorhandenen Mitarbeitern in den Betriebsprozess einzugliedern ist.
We have combined the velocity map imaging technique with time-of-flight measurements to study the surface photochemistry of KBr single crystals. This approach yields 3-dimensional velocity distributions of Br atoms resulting from 193 nm photodesorption. The velocity distributions indicate that at least two non-thermal mechanisms contribute to the photodesorption dynamics. Our experimental geometry also allows us to measure the Br(²P₃⁄₂):Br(²P₁⁄₂) branching ratio, which is found to be 24:1.
Complexes like iron (II)-triazoles exhibit spin crossover behavior at ambient temperature and are often considered for possible application. In previous studies, we implemented complexes of this type into polymer nanofibers and first polymer-based optical waveguide sensor systems. In our current study, we synthesized complexes of this type, implemented them into polymers and obtained composites through drop casting and doctor blading. We present that a certain combination of polymer and complex can lead to composites with high potential for optical devices. For this purpose, we used two different complexes [Fe(atrz)3](2 ns)2 and [Fe(atrz)3]Cl1.5(BF4)0.5 with different polymers for each composite. We show through transmission measurements and UV/VIS spectroscopy that the optical properties of these composite materials can reversibly change due to the spin crossover effect.
The effects of surface temperature on the gas-liquid interfacial reaction dynamics of O(³P)+squalane
(2005)
OH/OD product state distributions arising from the reaction of gas-phase O(³P) atoms at the surface of the liquid hydrocarbon squalane C₃₀H₆₂/C₃₀D₆₂ have been measured. The O(³P) atoms were generated by 355 nm laser photolysis of NO₂ at a low pressure above the continually refreshed liquid. It has been shown unambiguously that the hydroxyl radicals detected by laser-induced fluorescence originate from the squalane surface. The gas-phase OH/OD rotational populations are found to be partially sensitive to the liquid temperature, but do not adapt to it completely. In addition, rotational temperatures for OH/OD(v′=1) are consistently colder (by 34±5 K) than those for OH/OD(v′=0). This is reminiscent of, but less pronounced than, a similar effect in the well-studied homogeneous gas-phase reaction of O(³P) with smaller hydrocarbons. We conclude that the rotational distributions are composed of two different components. One originates from a direct abstraction mechanism with product characteristics similar to those in the gas phase. The other is a trapping-desorption process yielding a thermal, Boltzmann-like distribution close to the surface temperature. This conclusion is consistent with that reached previously from independent measurements of OH product velocity distributions in complementary molecular-beam scattering experiments. It is further supported by the temporal profiles of OH/OD laser-induced fluorescence signals as a function of distance from the surface observed in the current experiments. The vibrational branching ratios for (v′=1)/(v′=0) for OH and OD have been found to be (0.07±0.02) and (0.30±0.10), respectively. The detection of vibrationally excited hydroxyl radicals suggests that secondary and/or tertiary hydrogen atoms may be accessible to the attacking oxygen atoms.
Background: The topographical correlations between certain extracranial and intracranial osseous points of interest (POIs), and their age-related changes, are indispensable to know for a diagnostical or surgical access to intracranial structures; however, they are difficult to assess with conventional devices.
Materials and methods: In this pilot study, the 3-dimensional coordinates of extra-/intracranial POIs were determined, thus avoiding perspective distortions that used to be intrinsic problems in 2-dimensional morphometry. The data sets were then analysed by creating virtual triangles. The sizes, shapes, and positions of these triangles described the extent and the directions of the age-related shifts of the POIs. A selection of extracranial and intracranial POIs were marked on half skulls of four warmblood horses in two age groups (young: 6 weeks, n = 2; old: 14 and 17 years, n = 2). The x-, y-, and z-coordinates of these POIs were determined with a measurement arm (FaroArm Fusion, FARO Europe®). Direct distances between the POIs as well as their indirect distances on the x-, y-, and z-axis, and angles were calculated.
Results: The analysed virtual triangles revealed that some parts of the skull grew in size, but did not change in shape/relative proportions (proportional type of growth, as displayed by POI A and POI B at the Arcus zygomaticus). The same POIs (A and B) remained in a very stable relationship to their closest intracranial POI at the Basis cranii on the longitudinal axis, however, shifted markedly in the dorso-lateral direction. In contrast, a disproportional growth of other parts of the cranium was, for example, related to POI C at the Crista nuchae, which shifted strongly in the caudal direction with age. A topographically stable reference point (so-called anchor point) at the Basis cranii was difficult to determine.
Conclusions: Two candidates (one at the Synchondrosis intersphenoidalis, another one at the Synchondrosis sphenooccipitalis) were relatively stable in their positions. However, the epicentre of (neuro-)cranial growth could only be pinpointed to an area between them.
Die Marktentwicklung zu kleineren Losgrößen mit zunehmender Variantenvielfalt stellt gerade an einen Programmfertiger erhebliche Anfordungen, um immer das richtige Lieferspektrum in seinem Fertigwarenlager bereitzuhalten. Die einfachste Möglichkeit, dieses Problem zu lösen, besteht in einer hochflexiblen Produktion, bei der die nachgefragten Artikel in der Kundenausführung sofort nach Auftragseingang gefertigt werden. In der Praxis entstehen aber erhebliche Rückstände, weil keine unbegrenzte Kapazität zur Erledigung dieses Aufgabenberges vorhanden wäre.