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Automatisierte Steuerung von virtuellen Biogas-Kraftwerksverbünden für den netzorientierten Betrieb
(2019)
Das Steuerungssystem VKV Netz ermöglicht den auf die Erbringung regionaler Systemdienstleistungen ausgerichteten Betrieb virtueller Biogas-Kraftwerksverbünde. Damit leistet es sowohl einen Beitrag zum zukünftig gesteigerten Bedarf an Regelenergie durch regenerative Kraftwerke als es auch alternative, zukunftsfähige Erlöspotenziale für die zumeist landwirtschaftlichen bzw. landwirtschaftsnahen Biogas-Anlagenbetreiber abseits des EEG aufzeigt. Das Steuerungssystem wurde im Rahmen des BMWi-Verbundforschungsvorhabens VKV Netz (Förderkennzeichen 0325943A) durch die Hochschule Hannover, die SLT-Technologies GmbH & Co. KG sowie die Überlandwerk Leinetal GmbH in Kooperation mit assoziierten Biogasanlagen im Zeitraum 01.01.2016 bis 31.12.2018 entwickelt und pilotiert.
Automatisiert bewertbare Programmieraufgaben definieren Tests, die auf Einreichungen angewendet werden. Da Testergebnisse nicht mit Bewertungsergebnissen gleichzusetzen sind, schlagen wir ein Beschreibungsformat vor, das Testergebnisse auf Bewertungsergebnisse abbildet. Lehrkräfte können die Abbildungsvorschrift an ihren Lehrkontext anpassen. Der Vorschlag ist unabhängig von den beteiligten Autobewertern, von den eingesetzten Benutzungsschnittstellen und von der zu lernenden Programmiersprache einsetzbar. Das Format basiert auf verschachtelten Bewertungskategorien, welche um ein Nullifikationen-Konzept ergänzt werden.
Targeted panel sequencing in pediatric primary cardiomyopathy supports a critical role of TNNI3
(2019)
The underlying genetic mechanisms and early pathological events of children with primary cardiomyopathy (CMP) are insufficiently characterized. In this study, we aimed to characterize the mutational spectrum of primary CMP in a large cohort of patients ≤18 years referred to a tertiary center. Eighty unrelated index patients with pediatric primary CMP underwent genetic testing with a panel-based next-generation sequencing approach of 89 genes. At least one pathogenic or probably pathogenic variant was identified in 30/80 (38%) index patients. In all CMP subgroups, patients carried most frequently variants of interest in sarcomere genes suggesting them as a major contributor in pediatric primary CMP. In MYH7, MYBPC3, and TNNI3, we identified 18 pathogenic/probably pathogenic variants (MYH7 n = 7, MYBPC3 n = 6, TNNI3 n = 5, including one homozygous (TNNI3 c.24+2T>A) truncating variant. Protein and transcript level analysis on heart biopsies from individuals with homozygous mutation of TNNI3 revealed that the TNNI3 protein is absent and associated with upregulation of the fetal isoform TNNI1. The present study further supports the clinical importance of sarcomeric mutation-not only in adult-but also in pediatric primary CMP. TNNI3 is the third most important disease gene in this cohort and complete loss of TNNI3 leads to severe pediatric CMP.
Background:
Promoting patient and occupational safety are two key challenges for hospitals. When aiming to improve these two outcomes synergistically, psychosocial working conditions, leadership by hospital management and supervisors, and perceptions of patient and occupational safety climate have to be considered. Recent studies have shown that these key topics are interrelated and form a critical foundation for promoting patient and occupational safety in hospitals. So far, these topics have mainly been studied independently from each other. The present study investigated hospital staffs’ perceptions of four different topics: (1) psychosocial working conditions, (2) leadership, (3) patient safety climate, and (4) occupational safety climate. We present results from a survey in two German university hospitals aiming to detect differences between nurses and physicians.
Methods:
We performed a cross-sectional study using a standardized paper-based questionnaire. The survey was conducted with nurses and physicians to assess the four topics. The instruments mainly consisted of scales of the German version of the COPSOQ (Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire), one scale of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI), scales to assess leadership and transformational leadership, scales to assess patient safety climate using the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSPSC), and analogous items to assess occupational safety climate.
Results:
A total of 995 completed questionnaires out of 2512 distributed questionnaires were returned anonymously. The overall response rate was 39.6%. The sample consisted of 381 physicians and 567 nurses. We found various differences with regard to the four topics. In most of the COPSOQ and the HSPSC-scales, physicians rated psychosocial working conditions and patient safety climate more positively than nurses. With regard to occupational safety, nurses
indicated higher occupational risks than physicians.
Conclusions:
The WorkSafeMed study combined the assessment of the four topics psychosocial working conditions, leadership, patient safety climate, and occupational safety climate in hospitals. Looking at the four topics provides an overview of where improvements in hospitals may be needed for nurses and physicians. Based on these results,
improvements in working conditions, patient safety climate, and occupational safety climate are required for health care professionals in German university hospitals – especially for nurses.
Objective
To revise the German guidelines and recommendations for ensuring Good Epidemiological Practice (GEP) that were developed in 1999 by the German Society for Epidemiology (DGEpi), evaluated and revised in 2004, supplemented in 2008, and updated in 2014.
Methods
The executive board of the DGEpi tasked the third revision of the GEP. The revision was arrived as a result of a consensus-building process by a working group of the DGEpi in collaboration with other working groups of the DGEpi and with the German Association for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, the German Society of Social Medicine and Prevention (DGSMP), the German Region of the International Biometric Society (IBS-DR), the German Technology, Methods and Infrastructure for Networked Medical Research (TMF), and the German Network for Health Services Research (DNVF). The GEP also refers to related German Good Practice documents (e.g. Health Reporting, Cartographical Practice in the Healthcare System, Secondary Data Analysis).
Results
The working group modified the 11 guidelines (after revision: 1 ethics, 2 research question, 3 study protocol and manual of operations, 4 data protection, 5 sample banks, 6 quality assurance, 7 data storage and documentation, 8 analysis of epidemiological data, 9 contractual framework, 10 interpretation and scientific publication, 11 communication and public health) and modified and supplemented the related recommendations. All participating scientific professional associations adopted the revised GEP.
Conclusions
The revised GEP are addressed to everyone involved in the planning, preparation, execution, analysis, and evaluation of epidemiological research, as well as research institutes and funding bodies.
Die Anzahl an mit dem HI-Virus Neuinfizierten sinkt aufgrund der stetig voranschreitenden Forschung im Bereich der Therapie der HIV-Infektion kontinuierlich. Durch die erforschten HIV-Medikamente, wie zum Beispiel Biktarvy®, Atripla®, Eviplera® oder Genvoya® kann bei nicht vorliegenden Resistenzen oftmals ein bemerkenswerter Therapieerfolg erzielt werden. Doch der Therapieerfolg wird von vielen verschiedenen Faktoren beeinflusst. Um dies genauer zu analysieren, handelt die vorliegende Bachelorarbeit von der Untersuchung des Einflusses verschiedener Parameter auf den Therapieerfolg von HIV-Infizierten. Da es zahlreiche Einflussfaktoren gibt, wurde eine engere Auswahl getroffen. In dieser Arbeit wurde daher der Einfluss von dem Geschlecht, der Therapiekombination, der Altersgruppe, den vergangenen Jahren seit der gestellten Diagnose sowie der Dauer der bereits eingenommenen Therapie auf die Laborwerte „Viruslast“ und „CD4-Zellzahl“ untersucht. Ziel der Bachelorarbeit war es, mehr Daten zu gewinnen, die Ergebnisse des Einflusses der soeben genannten Kenngrößen enthalten. Für die statistische Vergleichsanalyse wurden Daten aus der seit knapp 20 Jahren bestehenden HIV-Datenbank der Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover, Abteilung Rheumatologie und Immunologie, herangezogen. Um die Ergebnisse dieser Bachelorarbeit zusammenzufassen, lässt sich resümieren, dass bei mehr als der Hälfte der Patienten, genauer gesagt bei 51 anhand der Viruslast und 57 von je 72 Patienten anhand der CD4-Zellen, ein Therapieerfolg erzielt werden konnte. Vor allem bei den Einflussgrößen Geschlecht und Therapiekombination konnte ein bemerkenswerter Einfluss auf den Therapieerfolg festgestellt werden. Bei den weiteren Parametern Altersgruppe, Diagnosedauer und Therapiedauer ist kein statistisch signifikanter Unterschied ermittelt worden.
This feasibility study investigates the flexural properties of biocomposites containing woven flax textiles (plain, twill, satin) and woven twill patterned hybrid textiles containing flax-/glass or flax-/carbon mixture for lightweight applications. Synthetic fibers are integrated as weft and flax fibers are integrated as warp yarns using a double-rapier weaving machine with a Jacquard attachment. The corresponding biocomposites are manufactured via vacuum infusion process using a biobased epoxy resin as a matrix. The manufactured biocomposites are analyzed with regard to their density and flexural properties. The results show that the use of hybrid textiles offers a promising solution for the manufacture of biocomposites with a higher biobased content and significantly improved flexural properties. Furthermore, the introduction of high-performance synthetic fibers in textiles enables the manufacture of biocomposites with an isotropic mechanical performance.
Background: Oral cancers (OC) are malignant lesions occurring in the oral cavity that include squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), salivary gland and odontogenic neoplasms. Even though it is the eighth most common malignancy globally but in Pakistan it is the second commonest type of cancer. Lack of awareness about ill-effects of preventable risk factors of oral cancer increases the burden of disease due to the associated high cost of treatment, permanent impairment and high mortality. Hence, awareness can be very helpful in prevention, control and early diagnosis of oral cancer.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among university students from Karachi, Pakistan during April to May 2018. Three hundred students were approached to participate in the study of which 277 agreed to participate. Pretested questionnaire was distributed and collected data was analysed using IBM SPSS version 23.
Results: There were 125 (45%) males and 152 (55%) females in the study and response rate was 94%. Sixty one percent (154/250) respondents correctly identified smoking, and tobacco chewing as possible causes of oral cancer. Almost one third (74%; 184/250) respondents correctly responded that oral cancer does not spread from person to person through touch or speaking. Sixty six percent (164/250) respondents believed that oral cancer is curable. Mean score of knowledge was higher in females (61%) than males (53%). Significantly higher number of females compared to male participants answered correctly to questions regarding cause of oral cancer, spread of disease and occurrence of oral cancer in AIDS patients.
Conclusions: Participants showed poor knowledge about oral cancer. Female participants showed better knowledge compared to male counterparts. Details about oral cancer should be incorporated in the university curriculum and periodic awareness programs should be organized for students.
Background:
In order to prevent child abuse, instruments measuring child abuse potential (CAP) need to be appropriate, reliable and valid.
Objective:
This study aimed to confirm the 6-factor structure of the Brief Child Abuse Potential Inventory (BCAPI) in a German sample of mothers and fathers, and to examine longitudinal predictors of CAP.
Participants and setting:
Two waves of data were collected from 197 mothers and 191 fathers of children aged 10–21 months for the “Kinder in Deutschland–KiD 0–3” in-depth study. Families were stratified based on prior self-report data for screening purposes.
Methods:
138 fathers and 147 mothers were included in the analysis (invalid: 25% mothers, 30% fathers). First, validity of reporting was examined. Second, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was employed to assess factor structure. Third, internal reliability and criterion validity were examined. Finally, multivariate poisson regressions investigated longitudinal predictors of CAP in mothers.
Results:
A previously established six-factor structure was confirmed for mothers but not fathers. CFA failed for fathers due to large numbers of variables with zero variance. For mothers, internal consistency and criterion validity were good. BCAPI score at follow-up was associated with baseline BCAPI score (β= 00.08), stress (β= 0.06), education (β=-0.19) and alcohol use(β= .58).
Conclusions:
Findings confirm the six-factor structure of the BCAPI among German mothers. The clinical use of the BCAPI in fathers is not recommended as it might produce data that are hard to interpret. Further research with fathers is needed to establish if this is due to limitations with this dataset or with the questionnaire.
Background: Antimicrobial resistance has become a serious global problem. A potential post-antibiotic era is threatening present and future medical advances. In Pakistan, the usage of antibiotic is unnecessarily high and due to over exposure to these drugs, bacteria are developing resistance against these drugs. It is necessary to improve public awareness about the rational use of antibiotics in order to bring a change in consumer’s behaviour. Therefore, present study was undertaken to assess the existing knowledge, attitude and practices related to antibiotic usage among university students.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among university students from Karachi, Pakistan during May-June 2018. 200 students were approached to participate in the study of which 159 agreed to participate (males: 70, females: 89). Pretested questionnaire was distributed to the study subjects and the collected data was analyzed using IBM SPSS version 23.
Results: Substantial number of (33% and 50%) participants were unaware about the differences in antibiotic: anti-inflammatory drugs and antibiotic: antipyretics respectively. 29% of the participants thought it is right to stop antibiotics only based on symptomatic improvement. Thirty nine percent and eighty three percent participants believed that antibiotics should always be prescribed to treat flu like symptoms and pneumonia respectively.
Conclusions: Participants demonstrated average knowledge about antibiotics. Similarly, their attitude and practice toward antibiotic use was associated with misconceptions. An educational intervention is necessary to make them aware about rational use of antibiotics.
Background: India has the third largest HIV epidemic in the world. The Indian epidemic is characterized by low levels in the general population and elevated concentrations among high-risk groups. The present study was planned to determine the awareness of HIV among students from Mumbai University.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among students from Mumbai University, India during May–June 2017. Two hundred and fifty students were approached to participate in the study of which 199 agreed to participate (males: 132; females: 67). Pretested questionnaire was distributed and collected data was analyzed using IBM SPSS version 23.
Results: Study participants had high knowledge (86%) and attitude score (87%). There was no significant difference between males and female participants for attitude and knowledge, except for one question regarding knowledge about HIV transmission via breastfeeding to child.
Conclusions: Present study showed that there are no misconceptions or negative attitudes regarding HIV among students. A longitudinal study with a larger sample size across India is recommended for further investigation.
The growing importance of social media in the political arena seems to be in line with the mediatization of politics thesis, which states that mediated communication is becoming more important in politics and increasingly influences political processes. However, how politicians’ social media activities and politicians’ perceptions concerning social media have developed over time has rarely been examined. Moreover, it is unclear how the politicians’ activities and perceptions are related to each other. Referring to theoretical approaches, such as the influence of presumed influence approach, four surveys were conducted among German parliamentarians (MPs) between 2012 and 2016 (n = 194/149/170/118). The results indicate that the MPs’ self-reported social media activities and perceptions have remained remarkably constant since 2012. Regression analyses indicate that MPs’ self-reported social media activities and perceptions are hardly related to each other. This raises the question whether mediatization processes are indeed driven by politicians’ perceptions about media influences.
Background
In the past years, it became apparent that health status and performance differ considerably within dairy farms in Northern Germany. In order to obtain clues with respect to possible causes of these differences, a case-control study was performed. Case farms, which showed signs of health and performance problems, and control farms, which had none of these signs, were compared. Risk factors from different areas such as health management, housing, hygiene and nutrition were investigated as these are known to be highly influential. The aim of this study was to identify major factors within these areas that have the strongest association with health and performance problems of dairy herds in Northern Germany.
Results
In the final model, a lower energy density in the roughage fraction of the diet, more pens with dirty lying areas and a low ratio of cows per watering spaces were associated with a higher risk for herd health problems. Moreover, case farms were affected by infections with intestinal parasites, lungworms, liver flukes and Johne’s Disease numerically more often than control farms. Case farms more often had pens with raised cubicles compared to the deep bedded stalls or straw yards found in control farms. In general, the hygiene of the floors and beddings was worse in case farms. Concerning nutrition, the microbiological and sensory quality of the provided silages was often insufficient, even in control farms. Less roughage was provided to early lactating cows and the feed was pushed to the feeding fence less frequently in case farms than in control farms.
Conclusions
The results show that milk yield and health status were associated with various factors from different areas stressing the importance of all aspects of management for good animal health and performance. Moreover, this study confirmed well-known risk factors for health problems and performance losses. These should better be taken heed of in herd health management.
Due to demographic change the number of serious kidney diseases and thus required transplantations will increase. The increased demand for donor organs and a decreasing supply of these organs underline the necessity for effective early rejection diagnostic measures to improve the lifetime of transplants. Expert systems might improve rejection diagnostics but for the development of such systems data models are needed that encompass the relevant information to enable optimal data aggregation and evaluation. Results of a literature review concerning published data models and information systems concerned with kidney transplant rejection diagnostic lead to a set of data elements even if no papers could be identified that publish data models explicitly.
Using openEHR Archetypes for Automated Extraction of Numerical Information from Clinical Narratives
(2019)
Up to 80% of medical information is documented by unstructured data such as clinical reports written in natural language. Such data is called unstructured because the information it contains cannot be retrieved automatically as straightforward as from structured data. However, we assume that the use of this flexible kind of documentation will remain a substantial part of a patient’s medical record, so that clinical information systems have to deal appropriately with this type of information description. On the other hand, there are efforts to achieve semantic interoperability between clinical application systems through information modelling concepts like HL7 FHIR or openEHR. Considering this, we propose an approach to transform unstructured documented information into openEHR archetypes. Furthermore, we aim to support the field of clinical text mining by recognizing and publishing the connections between openEHR archetypes and heterogeneous phrasings. We have evaluated our method by extracting the values to three openEHR archetypes from unstructured documents in English and German language.
In der philosophischen Ethik wird unterschieden zwischen deskriptiver Ethik, normativer Ethik und Metaethik. In diesem Beitrag steht die normative Ethik im Mittelpunkt. Es soll die Frage erörtert werden, welche ethischen Kriterien für die Praxis von Beratung gelten sollten. Zu diesem Zweck werden zunächst beratungskritische Traditionen angeführt und im Anschluss professionsethische Überlegungen mit Rückgriff auf Impulse aus Foucaults Philosophie angestellt.
Mit Blick auf Cora Baltussens Leben, Wirken und Beratungsverständnis werden die demokratischen, emanzipatorischen und internationalen Wurzeln der Rezeption der Profession Supervision in Deutschland in den 1950er und 1960er Jahren betont. Das ist besonders notwendig angesichts kritischer Weiterentwicklungen von Supervision und Coaching, bei denen die professionsethischen Grundlagenfragen zum Teil aus dem Blick geraten.
Ein Konferenzrückblick:
Das DFG-Forschungskolleg „Postwachstumsgesellschaften“ hatte gemeinsam mit der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Soziologie (DGS) zu einer gemeinsamen fünftägigen Konferenz vom 23. bis 27. September 2019 an die Friedrich Schiller-Universität Jena geladen, und rund 700 Wissenschaftler*innen und Studierende kamen aus dem In- und Ausland, um an den rund 150 Veranstaltungen teilzunehmen. Begleitet wurde die Konferenz von einem umfänglichen Kulturprogramm mit Konzerten, Kinofilmen und Kunst, und rechtzeitig zur Konferenz erschien als Tagungsband auch eine lesenswerte 600-seitige Sonderausgabe des Berliner Journals für Soziologie (Dörre et al. 2019).
Das Konferenzprogramm stand einerseits unter der Thematik der „Great Transformation“, also der auf Karl Polanyi (1886-1964) zurückgehenden These einer zunehmenden Vermarktlichung und Verselbstständigung der Wirtschaft gegenüber der Gesellschaft (vgl. Polanyi 1944), die das DFG-Forschungskolleg rund um die Soziologen Klaus Dörre, Hartmut Rosa und Stefan Lessenich als Titel gewählt hat. Andererseits tagten einige Sektionen der DGS als Regionalkonferenz, um sektionsspezifische Panels durchzuführen.
Fragen gehören zu den wirkungsvollsten Mitteln, um Lernprozesse anzustoßen. Sie regen Studierende an, sich mit Inhalten auseinanderzusetzen, diese zu verstehen und ihr Wissen und Können zu zeigen. Fragen ermöglichen Lernenden genauso wie Lehrenden Feedback zum Lernstand zu erhalten. Eine „gute“ Frage zu erstellen, ist eine Herausforderung für alle Dozierenden, die ihnen in verschiedenen Lehrzusammenhängen begegnet:
• Klausurfragen (summatives Prüfen)
• Test- und Übungsaufgaben zur Selbsteinschätzung Studierender
• Test- und Übungsaufgaben als Lernfortschrittskontrolle
• Semesterbegleitende Übungsaufgaben zum kontinuierlichen Lernen
• Fragen für den Einsatz von Abstimmungssystemen (Audience-Response-Systeme)
Die vorliegende Handreichung bietet eine praktische Anleitung zur Erstellung guter Fragen im Antwort-Wahl-Verfahren (AWV). Unter guten Fragen verstehen wir Fragen hoher Qualität hinsichtlich der Gütekriterien Reliabilität, Validität und Objektivität. Den Schwerpunkt der Arbeit bilden allgemeine Hinweise zur Formulierung guter Fragen, wobei auch die fachdisziplinäre Sicht berücksichtigt wird.