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Institute
- Fakultät III - Medien, Information und Design (19) (remove)
Der Beitrag beschreibt die aktuellen Überlegungen zur Weiterentwicklung der informationswissenschaftlichen Studiengänge der Hochschule Hannover vor dem Hintergrund des laufenden Prozesses der Reakkreditierung. Zentrale Aspekte bilden hierbei die inhaltliche und strukturelle Weiterentwicklung des Curriculums vor dem Hintergrund der sich verändernden Bedürfnisse der Bibliotheken. Ebenfalls berücksichtigt werden verschiedene Formen der Kooperation mit der Bibliothekspraxis, hochschuldidaktische Überlegungen sowie die Einbindung der Studiengänge in die informationswissenschaftliche Forschungslandschaft.
Introduction
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disease. Many patients are initiating a systemic therapy, if the disease is not adequately controlled with topical treatment only. Currently, there is little real-world evidence on the AD-related medical care situation in Germany. This study analyzed patient characteristics, treatment patterns, healthcare resource utilization and costs associated with systemically treated AD for the German healthcare system.
Methods
In this descriptive, retrospective cohort study, aggregated anonymized German health claims data from the InGef research database were used. Within a representative sample of four million insured individuals, patients with AD and systemic drug therapy initiation (SDTI) in the index year 2017 were identified and included into the study cohort. Systemic drug therapy included dupilumab, systemic corticosteroids (SCS) and systemic immunosuppressants (SIS). Patients were observed for one year starting from the date of SDTI in 2017.
Results
9975 patients were included (57.8% female, mean age 39.6 years [SD 25.5]). In the one-year observation period, the most common systemic drug therapy was SCS (> 99.0%). Administrations of dupilumab (0.3%) or dispensations of SIS were rare (cyclosporine: 0.5%, azathioprine: 0.6%, methotrexate: 0.1%). Median treatment duration of SCS, cyclosporine and azathioprine was 27 days, 102 days, and 109 days, respectively. 2.8% of the patients received phototherapy; 41.6% used topical corticosteroids and/or topical calcineurin inhibitor. Average annual costs for medications amounted to € 1237 per patient. Outpatient services were used by 99.6% with associated mean annual costs of € 943; 25.4% had at least one hospitalization (mean annual costs: € 5836). 5.3% of adult patients received sickness benefits with associated mean annual costs of € 5026.
Conclusions
Despite unfavorable risk–benefit profile, this study demonstrated a common treatment with SCS, whereas other systemic drug therapy options were rarely used. Furthermore, the results suggest a substantial economic burden for patients with AD and SDTI.
Background: One of the major challenges in pediatric intensive care is the detection of life-threatening health conditions under acute time constraints and performance pressure. This includes the assessment of pediatric organ dysfunction (OD) that demands extraordinary clinical expertise and the clinician’s ability to derive a decision based on multiple information and data sources. Clinical decision support systems (CDSS) offer a solution to support medical staff in stressful routine work. Simultaneously, detection of OD by using computerized decision support approaches has been scarcely investigated, especially not in pediatrics.
Objectives: The aim of the study is to enhance an existing, interoperable, and rulebased CDSS prototype for tracing the progression of sepsis in critically ill children by augmenting it with the capability to detect SIRS/sepsis-associated hematologic OD, and to determine its diagnostic accuracy.
Methods: We reproduced an interoperable CDSS approach previously introduced by our working group: (1) a knowledge model was designed by following the commonKADS methodology, (2) routine care data was semantically standardized and harmonized using openEHR as clinical information standard, (3) rules were formulated and implemented in a business rule management system. Data from a prospective diagnostic study, including 168 patients, was used to estimate the diagnostic accuracy of the rule-based CDSS using the clinicians’ diagnoses as reference
In the context of the ongoing digitization of interdisciplinary subjects, the need for digital literacy is increasing in all areas of everyday life. Furthermore, communication between science and society is facing new challenges, not least since the COVID-19 pandemic. In order to deal with these challenges and to provide target-oriented online teaching, new educational concepts for the transfer of knowledge to society are necessary. In the transfer project “Zukunftslabor Gesundheit” (ZLG), a didactic concept for the creation of E-Learning classes was developed. A key factor for the didactic concept is addressing heterogeneous target groups to reach the broadest possible spectrum of participants. The concept has already been used for the creation of the first ZLG E-Learning courses. This article outlines the central elements of the developed didactic concept and addresses the creation of the ZLG courses. The courses created so far appeal to different target groups and convey diverse types of knowledge at different levels of difficulty.
The aim of the podcast Digitization of Medicine is to interest a broader audience and, in particular, young women, in research and work in the field of medical informatics. This article presents the usage figures and discusses their significance for further research on the success of science communication. By 24/02/2022, a total of 24,351 downloads had been made. There were slightly more female than male listeners, and they tended to be younger. Despite the importance podcast are gaining for science communication, little is known about the respective user group and further research is needed. In this context, this paper aims to help make the effectiveness of podcasts comparable.
Background: The globalization of clinical research should also benefit the population in developing markets. In this context, the approval of tested medicines and the associated expansion of medical care beyond clinical studies would be desirable as a possible long-term benefit.
Objectives: This study was designed to compare the development of the number of clinical trials with the number of marketing authorizations of medicines on the African continent. To contrast these 2 parameters, the data were analyzed using the model of an ecological study.
Methods: To reflect the broad spectrum of African developing countries with diverse levels of development, the data collection was based on 2 geographically selected sample countries each from Central, North, East, West, and Southern Africa. Based on the ClinicalTrials.gov registry, the first step was to collect trends data on the development of the clinical trials in the 10 selected countries of the country list of the African Region published by the World Health Organization for the period 2015 to 2018. Subsequently, data on the current number of marketing authorizations of medicines in the selected sample countries were identified using the online registries of the national authorities. The data were utilized in comparative analyses.
Results: Eight out of 10 model countries showed an increase in the number of clinical trials, with the exceptions of Cameroon and Libya, which showed an overall decline in research activity over the entire time. In direct comparison with drug registrations, the numbers indicate a similar development. The only exception here is Nigeria, a country with a solid performance in clinical research and yet a decrease in medicine registrations since 2015.
Conclusions: The expected increase in the development of clinical research as result of the globalization trend can basically be observed in most of the model countries. However, this increase does not guarantee an improvement in the number of medicine registrations. Although this is evident in some of the selected model countries, it cannot be projected to the entire African region. This may be linked to the diverse development of the individual countries due to the different political situations and the varying degrees of clinical research infrastructure.
Acute stroke care is a time-critical process. Improving communication
and documentation process may support a positive effect on medical outcome. To achieve this goal, a new system using a mobile application has been integrated into existing infrastructure at Hannover Medical School (MHH). Within a pilot project, this system has been brought into clinical daily routine in February 2022. Insights generated may support further applications in clinical use-cases.
Background
Symptoms of depression are prevalent in people living with human immune deficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (PLWHA), and worsened by lack of physical activity/exercises, leading to restriction in social participation/functioning. This raises the question: what is the extent to which physical exercise training affected, symptoms of depression, physical activity level (PAL) and social participation in PLWHA compared to other forms of intervention, usual care, or no treatment controls?
Method
Eight databases were searched up to July 2020, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) protocol. Only randomised controlled trials involving adults who were either on HAART/HAART-naïve and reported in the English language, were included. Two independent reviewers determined the eligibility of the studies, extracted data, assessed their quality, and risk of bias using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) tool. Standardised mean difference (SMD) was used as summary statistics for the mean primary outcome (symptoms of depression) and secondary outcomes (PAL and social participation) since different measuring tools/units were used across the included studies. Summary estimates of effects were determined using a random-effects model (I2).
Results
Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria with 779 participants (n = 596 participants at study completion) randomised into the study groups, comprising 378 males, 310 females and 91 participants with undisclosed gender, and with an age range of 18–86 years. Across the studies, aerobic or aerobic plus resistance exercises were performed 2–3 times/week, at 40–60 min/session, and for between 6-24 weeks, and the risk of bias vary from high to low. Comparing the intervention to control groups showed significant difference in the symptoms of depression (SMD = − 0.74, 95% confidence interval (CI) − 1.01, − 0.48, p ≤ 0.0002; I2 = 47%; 5 studies; 205 participants) unlike PAL (SMD = 0.98, 95% CI − 0.25, 2.17, p = 0.11; I2 = 82%; 2 studies; 62 participants) and social participation (SMD = 0.04, 95% CI − 0.65, 0.73, p = 0.91; I2 = 90%; 6 studies; 373 participants).
Conclusion
Physical exercise training could have an antidepressant-like effect in PLWHA but did not affect PAL and social participation. However, the high heterogeneity in the included studies, implies that adequately powered randomised controlled trials with clinical/methodological similarity are required in future studies.
Der Beitrag stellt Ergebnisse der Fachgruppe Informationskompetenz der KIBA vor, in der alle Lehrenden im Bereich der Vermittlung von Medien- und Informationskompetenz an bibliotheks- und informationswissenschaftlichen Studiengängen in Deutschland zusammenarbeiten. Ausgangspunkt ist das „Framework Informationskompetenz“, ein Anforderungsrahmen, der gemeinsame Standards in der Qualifikation von Studierenden der Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft für das Aufgabenfeld der Förderung von Informationskompetenz sichern soll. Es wird aufgezeigt, wie die in diesem Rahmenmodell formulierten Qualifikationsstandards in den verschiedenen Studiengängen umgesetzt werden und wo es bedarfsbezogene Ausprägung und Gewichtung in den Qualifikationszielen gibt.
FID Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urbanism digital - A platform for science (BAUdigital)
(2022)
University Library Braunschweig (UB Braunschweig), University and State Library Darmstadt (ULB Darmstadt), TIB – Leibniz Information Centre for Technology and Natural Sciences and the Fraunhofer Information Centre for Planning and Building (Fraunhofer IRB) are jointly establishing a specialised information service (FID, "Fachinformationsdienst") for the disciplines of civil engineering, architecture and urbanism. The FID BAUdigital, which is funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG, "Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"), will provide researchers working on digital design, planning and production methods in construction engineering with a joint information, networking and data exchange platform and support them with innovative services for documentation, archiving and publication in their data-based research.