Open Access

Dramatic increases in the number of cyber security attacks and breaches toward businesses and organizations have been experienced in recent years. The negative impacts of these breaches not only cause the stealing and compromising of sensitive information, malfunctioning of network devices, disruption of everyday operations, financial damage to the attacked business or organization itself, but also may navigate to peer businesses/organizations in the same industry. Therefore, prevention and early detection of these attacks play a significant role in the continuity of operations in IT-dependent organizations. At the same time detection of various types of attacks has become extremely difficult as attacks get more sophisticated, distributed and enabled by Artificial Intelligence (AI). Detection and handling of these attacks require sophisticated intrusion detection systems which run on powerful hardware and are administered by highly experienced security staff. Yet, these resources are costly to employ, especially for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). To address these issues, we developed an architecture -within the GLACIER project- that can be realized as an in-house operated Security Information Event Management (SIEM) system for SMEs. It is affordable for SMEs as it is solely based on free and open-source components and thus does not require any licensing fees. Moreover, it is a Self-Contained System (SCS) and does not require too much management effort. It requires short configuration and learning phases after which it can be self-contained as long as the monitored infrastructure is stable (apart from a reaction to the generated alerts which may be outsourced to a service provider in SMEs, if necessary). Another main benefit of this system is to supply data to advanced detection algorithms, such as multidimensional analysis algorithms, in addition to traditional SIEMspecific tasks like data collection, normalization, enrichment, and storage. It supports the application of novel methods to detect security-related anomalies. The most distinct feature of this system that differentiates it from similar solutions in the market is its user feedback capability. Detected anomalies are displayed in a Graphical User Interface (GUI) to the security staff who are allowed to give feedback for anomalies. Subsequently, this feedback is utilized to fine-tune the anomaly detection algorithm. In addition, this GUI also provides access to network actors for quick incident responses. The system in general is suitable for both Information Technology (IT) and Operational Technology (OT) environments, while the detection algorithm must be specifically trained for each of these environments individually.

Recent developments in the field of deep learning have shown promising advances for a wide range of historically difficult computer vision problems. Using advanced deep learning techniques, researchers manage to perform high-quality single-image super-resolution, i.e., increasing the resolution of a given image without major losses in image quality, usually encountered when using traditional approaches such as standard interpolation. This thesis examines the process of deep learning super-resolution using convolutional neural networks and investigates whether the same deep learning models can be used to increase OCR results for low-quality text images.

Ziel der nachfolgenden Arbeit ist die Erhebung des aktuellen Stands der Digitalisierung in der Landwirtschaft. Es gilt herauszufinden, wie weit landwirtschaftliche Betriebe in Deutschland heute bereits digitalisiert sind. Parallel dazu soll erörtert werden, welche Gründe eine weitergehende Digitalisierung gegenwärtig verhindern. Dabei ist zu berücksichtigen, welche Bedeutung Digitalisierung in der Landwirtschaft hat. Zur Beantwortung der Forschungsfrage werden sowohl qualitative (Systematische Literaturanalyse) als auch quantitative Forschungsmethoden (Online-Umfrage mit anschließender statistischer Auswertung) angewendet. Wesentliche Erkenntnisse dieser Arbeit sind, dass die Messung von Digitalisierungsgraden landwirtschaftlicher Betriebe mittels eines Reifegradmodells signifikante Unterschiede in der deutschen Landwirtschaft widerspiegeln und dass der Kostenfaktor einen erheblichen Druck auf den digitalen Wandel im Agrarsektor ausübt. Generationenwechsel, sowie herstellerübergreifende Lösungen stellen neben der Forderung von mehr Unterstützung seitens der Politik und öffentlicher Institutionen Diskussionspunkte dieser Abschlussarbeit dar.

Bisher wurde die automatisierte Bewertung von Übungsaufgaben in LON-CAPA angeboten und mit mehreren Werkzeugen umgesetzt, darunter der JFLAP-Wrapper, der die Grundlage dieser Arbeit bildet. Daraus soll ein vollständiges eigenstehendes Programm erarbeitet werden, dass auch an andere Lernmanagementsysteme angebunden werden kann. Dabei erhält es den neuen Namen GraFLAP. Dazu wurden die Bewertungsprozesse im JFLAP-Wrapper zusammen gelegt und eine neue Schnittstelle nach ProFormA-2.1-Standard ergänzt. Außerdem sollte die Wartbarkeit verbessert werden, sodass zukünftige weiterführende Arbeiten erleichtert werden. Dazu wurden neue Datenstrukturen und Prozesse integriert, unter anderem ein einheitlicher Build-Prozess mit Maven und automatisierte Tests mit JUnit. GraFLAP bietet nun eine standardisierte Schnittstelle, übernimmt alle Bewertungsprozesse und ist so nun vollständig unabhängig von Lernmanagementsystemen.

Companies worldwide have enabled their employees to work remotely as a consequence of the Covid 19 pandemic. Software development is a human-centered discipline and thrives on teamwork. Agile methods are focusing on several social aspects of software development. Software development teams in Germany were mainly co-located before the pandemic. This paper aims to validate the findings of existing studies by expanding on an existing multiple-case study. Therefore, we collected data by conducting semi-structured interviews, observing agile practices, and viewing project documents in three cases. Based on the results, we can confirm the following findings: 1) The teams rapidly adapted the agile practices and roles, 2) communication is more objective within the teams, 3) decreased social exchange between team members, 4) the expectation of a combined approach of remote and onsite work after the pandemic, 5) stable or increased (perceived) performance and 6) stable or increased well-being of team members.