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- Fakultät I - Elektro- und Informationstechnik (4) (remove)
In the area of manufacturing and process automation in industrial applications, technical energy management systems are mainly used to measure, collect, store, analyze and display energy data. In addition, PLC programs on the control level are required to obtain the energy data from the field level. If the measured data is available in a PLC as a raw value, it still has to be processed by the PLC, so that it can be passed on to the higher layers in a suitable format, e.g. via OPC UA. In plants with heterogeneous field device installations, a high engineering effort is required for the creation of corresponding PLC programs. This paper describes a concept for a code generator that can be used to reduce this engineering effort.
With regard to climate change, increasing energy efficiency is still a significant issue in the industry. In order to acquire energy data at the field level, so-called energy profiles can be used. They are advantageous as they are integrated into existing industrial ethernet standards (e.g. PROFINET). Commonly used energy profiles such as PROFIenergy and sercos Energy have been established in industrial use. However, as the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) continues to develop, the question arises whether the established energy profiles are sufficient to fullfil the requirements of the upcoming IIoT communication technologies. To answer this question the paper compares and discusses the common energy profiles with the current and future challenges of energy data communication. Furthermore, this analysis examines the need for further research in this field.
Requirements for an energy data information model for a communication-independent device description
(2021)
With the help of an energy management system according to ISO 50001, industrial companies obtain the opportunities to reduce energy consumption and to increase plant efficiencies. In such a system, the communication of energy data has an important function. With the help of so-called energy profiles (e.g. PROFIenergy), energy data can be communicated between the field level and the higher levels via proven communication protocols (e.g. PROFINET). Due to the fact that in most cases several industrial protocols are used in an automation system, the problem is how to transfer energy data from one protocol to another with as less effort as possible. An energy data information model could overcome this problem and describe energy data in a uniform and semantically unambiguous way. Requirements for a unified energy data information model are presented in this paper.
Big-Data-Datenplattformen werden immer beliebter, um große Datenmengen bei Bedarf analysieren zu können. Zu den fünf gängigsten Big-Data-Verarbeitungsframeworks gehören Apache Hadoop, Apache Storm, Apache Samza, Apache Spark, und Apache Flink. Zwar unterstützen alle fünf Plattformen die Verarbeitung großer Datenmengen, doch unterscheiden sich diese Frameworks in ihren Anwendungsbereichen und der zugrunde liegenden Architektur. Eine Reihe von Studien hat sich bereits mit dem Vergleich dieser Big-Data-Frameworks befasst, indem sie sie anhand eines bestimmten Leistungsindikators bewertet haben. Die IT-Sicherheit dieser Frameworks wurde dabei jedoch nicht betrachtet. In diesem Beitrag werden zunächst allgemeine Anforderungen und Anforderungen an die IT-Sicherheit der Datenplattformen definiert. Anschließend werden die Datenplattform-Konzepte unter Berücksichtigung der aufgestellten Anforderungen analysiert und gegenübergestellt.