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Nitric oxide adsorption on a Au(100) single crystal has been investigated to identify the type of adsorption, the adsorption site, and the orientation and alignment of the adsorbed NO relative to the surface. This was done using a combination of 3D-surface velocity map imaging, near-ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and density functional theory. NO was observed to be molecularly adsorbed on gold at ~200 K. Very narrow angular distributions and cold rotational distributions of photodesorbed NO indicate that NO adsorbs on high-symmetry sites on the Au crystal, with the N–O bond axis close to the surface normal. Our density functional theory calculations show that NO preferentially adsorbs on the symmetric bridge (2f) site, which ensures efficient overlap of the NO π* orbital with the orbitals on the two neighbouring Au atoms, and with the N–O bond axis aligned along the surface normal, in agreement with our conclusions from the rotational state distributions. The combination of XPS, which reveals the orientation of NO on gold, with 3D-surface velocity map imaging and density functional theory thus allowed us to determine the adsorption site, orientation and alignment of nitric oxide adsorbed on Au(100).
Intrusion detection systems and other network security components detect security-relevant events based on policies consisting of rules. If an event turns out as a false alarm, the corresponding policy has to be adjusted in order to reduce the number of false positives. Modified policies, however, need to be tested before going into productive use. We present a visual analysis tool for the evaluation of security events and related policies which integrates data from different sources using the IF-MAP specification and provides a “what-if” simulation for testing modified policies on past network dynamics. In this paper, we will describe the design and outcome of a user study that will help us to evaluate our visual analysis tool.
Hadoop is a Java-based open source programming framework, which supports the processing and storage of large volumes of data sets in a distributed computing environment. On the other hand, an overwhelming majority of organizations are moving their big data processing and storing to the cloud to take advantage of cost reduction – the cloud eliminates the need for investing heavily in infrastructures, which may or may not be used by organizations. This paper shows how organizations can alleviate some of the obstacles faced when trying to make Hadoop run in the cloud.
Our work is motivated primarily by the lack of standardization in the area of Event Processing Network (EPN) models. We identify general requirements for such models. These requirements encompass the possibility to describe events in the real world, to establish temporal and causal relationships among the events, to aggregate the events, to organize the events into a hierarchy, to categorize the events into simple or complex, to create an EPN model in an easy and simple way and to use that model ad hoc. As the major contribution, this paper applies the identified requirements to the RuleCore model.
Sustainable tourism is a niche market that has been growing in recent years. At the same time, companies in the mass tourism market have increasingly marketed themselves with a “green” image, although this market is not sustainable. In order to successfully market sustainability, targeted marketing tactics are needed.
The aim of this research is to establish appropriate marketing tactics for sustainable tourism in the niche market and in the mass market. The purpose is to uncover current marketing tactics for both the mass tourism market and the sustainable tourism niche market. It also intends to explore how consumers who are more interested in sustainability differ from consumers with less interest in sustainability in terms of their perception of sustainability in tourism. Furthermore, this research paper will assess the trustworthiness of sustainable travel offers and the trustworthiness of quality seals in sustainable tourism. For this purpose, an online survey was conducted, which was addressed at German-speaking consumers. The survey showed, that consumers with more general interest in sustainability also consider sustainability to be more relevant in tourism. Offers for sustainable travel and quality seals were perceived as not very trustworthy. Moreover, no link could be found between the interest in sustainability and the perception of trustworthiness.
On the basis of the above, it is advisable to directly advertise sustainability in the niche market and to mention sustainability in the mass market only as an accompaniment or not at all. Further research could be undertaken to identify which factors influence the trustworthiness of offers, and trustworthiness of quality seals in sustainable tourism.
Concreteness of words has been studied extensively in psycholinguistic literature. A number of datasets have been created with average values for perceived concreteness of words. We show that we can train a regression model on these data, using word embeddings and morphological features, that can predict these concreteness values with high accuracy. We evaluate the model on 7 publicly available datasets. Only for a few small subsets of these datasets prediction of concreteness values are found in the literature. Our results clearly outperform the reported results for these datasets.
Systematizing IT Risks
(2019)
IT risks — risks associated with the operation or use of information technology — have taken on great importance in business, and IT risk management is accordingly important in the science and practice of information management. Therefore, it is necessary to systematize IT risks in order to plan, manage and control for different risk-specific measures. In order to choose and implement suitable measures for managing IT risks, effect-based and causebased procedures are necessary. These procedures are explained in detail for IT security risks because of their special importance.
Aim/Purpose: We explore impressions and experiences of Information Systems graduates during their first years of employment in the IT field. The results help to understand work satisfaction, career ambition, and motivation of junior employees. This way, the attractiveness of working in the field of IS can be increased and the shortage of junior employees reduced.
Background: Currently IT professions are characterized by terms such as “shortage of professionals” and “shortage of junior employees”. To attract more people to work in IT detailed knowledge about experiences of junior employees is necessary.
Methodology: Data from a large survey of 193 graduates of the degree program “Information Systems” at University of Applied Sciences and Arts Hannover (Germany) show characteristics of their professional life like work satisfaction, motivation, career ambition, satisfaction with opportunities, development and career advancement, satisfaction with work-life balance. It is also asked whether men and women gain the same experiences when entering the job market and have the same perceptions.
Findings: The participants were highly satisfied with their work, but limitations or restrictions due to gender are noteworthy.
Recommendations for Practitioners: The results provide information on how human resource policies can make IT professions more attractive and thus convince graduates to seek jobs in the field. For instance, improving the balance between work and various areas of private life seems promising. Also, restrictions with respect to the work climate and improving communication along several dimensions need to be considered.
Future Research: More detailed research on ambition and achievement is necessary to understand gender differences.
The Logical Observation Identifiers, Names and Codes (LOINC) is a common terminology used for standardizing laboratory terms. Within the consortium of the HiGHmed project, LOINC is one of the central terminologies used for health data sharing across all university sites. Therefore, linking the LOINC codes to the site-specific tests and measures is one crucial step to reach this goal. In this work we report our ongoing efforts in implementing LOINC to our laboratory information system and research infrastructure, as well as our challenges and the lessons learned. 407 local terms could be mapped to 376 LOINC codes of which 209 are already available to routine laboratory data. In our experience, mapping of local terms to LOINC is a widely manual and time consuming process for reasons of language and expert knowledge of local laboratory procedures.
Background
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Estimation of incidence, prevalence and disease burden through routine insurance data is challenging because of under-diagnosis and under-treatment, particularly for early stage disease in health care systems where outpatient International Classification of Diseases (ICD) diagnoses are not collected. This poses the question of which criteria are commonly applied to identify COPD patients in claims datasets in the absence of ICD diagnoses, and which information can be used as a substitute. The aim of this systematic review is to summarize previously reported methodological approaches for the identification of COPD patients through routine data and to compile potential criteria for the identification of COPD patients if ICD codes are not available.
Methods
A systematic literature review was performed in Medline via PubMed and Google Scholar from January 2000 through October 2018, followed by a manual review of the included studies by at least two independent raters. Study characteristics and all identifying criteria used in the studies were systematically extracted from the publications, categorized, and compiled in evidence tables.
Results
In total, the systematic search yielded 151 publications. After title and abstract screening, 38 publications were included into the systematic assessment. In these studies, the most frequently used (22/38) criteria set to identify COPD patients included ICD codes, hospitalization, and ambulatory visits. Only four out of 38 studies used methods other than ICD coding. In a significant proportion of studies, the age range of the target population (33/38) and hospitalization (30/38) were provided. Ambulatory data were included in 24, physician claims in 22, and pharmaceutical data in 18 studies. Only five studies used spirometry, two used surgery and one used oxygen therapy.
Conclusions
A variety of different criteria is used for the identification of COPD from routine data. The most promising criteria set in data environments where ambulatory diagnosis codes are lacking is the consideration of additional illness-related information with special attention to pharmacotherapy data. Further health services research should focus on the application of more systematic internal and/or external validation approaches.