Refine
Year of publication
- 2017 (25) (remove)
Document Type
- Article (25) (remove)
Language
- English (25) (remove)
Has Fulltext
- yes (25)
Is part of the Bibliography
- no (25)
Keywords
- African socio-cultural context (2)
- Akzeptanz (2)
- Education (2)
- Patient (2)
- Smart Device (2)
- Student (2)
- acceptance (2)
- clinical trial (2)
- digital divide (2)
- general practitioners (2)
- mHealth (2)
- mobile health (2)
- modifiable characteristics of the vulnerable patients (2)
- tablet (2)
- ASW (1)
- Adsorption (1)
- Adult Vaccines (1)
- Allgemeinarzt (1)
- Amorphes Eis (1)
- Antibiotic resistance (1)
- Antibiotics (1)
- Antibiotikum (1)
- Antidiabetic (1)
- Antidiabetikum (1)
- Automatische Identifikation (1)
- Bankruptcy costs (1)
- Biomedical Informatics (1)
- Biosensor (1)
- CVD-Verfahren (1)
- Cost-effectiveness (1)
- Cross-holdings (1)
- Delphi (1)
- Delphi method characteristics (1)
- Delphi method variants (1)
- Depression (1)
- Diabetes mellitus (1)
- Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 (1)
- Dichtefunktionalformalismus (1)
- Ebola-Virus (1)
- Effizienz (1)
- Elektronenbestrahlung (1)
- Feedback (1)
- Ferrite (1)
- Financial contagion (1)
- Financial network (1)
- Fire sales (1)
- Gesundheitsinformationssystem (1)
- Graphen (1)
- Hausarzt (1)
- Health Informatics (1)
- Health Information Systems (1)
- Hospital quality (1)
- Hygiene (1)
- Impfung (1)
- Income (1)
- India (1)
- Indien (1)
- Information systems research (1)
- Karachi (1)
- Kurs (1)
- Medical Informatics (1)
- Mikrowaage (1)
- Mumbai (1)
- Nigeria (1)
- Oszillatorschaltung (1)
- Pakistan (1)
- Patient counselling (1)
- Patient referral (1)
- Physiotherapeut (1)
- Public health (1)
- Public reporting (1)
- Quarz (1)
- Resistenz (1)
- Sauerstoff (1)
- Schlaganfallpatient (1)
- Selbstmedikation (1)
- Self-medication (1)
- Smartphone (1)
- Spektroskopie (1)
- Strategic Information Management (1)
- Students (1)
- Symptom (1)
- Symptoms of post-stroke depression (1)
- Synononym (1)
- Systemic risk (1)
- Taxonomy (1)
- Thesaurus (1)
- University Students (1)
- VSFS (1)
- Wasserstoffmolekül (1)
- amorphous solid water (1)
- belief (1)
- biomedicine (1)
- chemisorption (1)
- clinical research (1)
- complex event processing (1)
- cranial cavity (1)
- culture (1)
- density functional theory (1)
- developing countries (1)
- direct benefit (1)
- distributed evacuation coordination (1)
- doctor-patient communication (1)
- electron irradiation (1)
- ethics indirect benefit (1)
- ethnomedicine (1)
- evacuation guidance (1)
- ferrite (1)
- healing (1)
- horse (1)
- hurdle model (1)
- internet (1)
- model selection (1)
- molecurlar hydrogen (1)
- non-prescription (1)
- online ratings (1)
- osseous landmarks (1)
- overdispersion (1)
- oxidation (1)
- partial density of states (1)
- patient benefit (1)
- poisson regression (1)
- public reporting (1)
- questionnaire (1)
- real-time routing (1)
- roads to health (1)
- self-medication (1)
- self-prescription (1)
- situation aware routing (1)
- smartphone (1)
- social benefit (1)
- surface relaxation (1)
- survey (1)
- symptoms of post-stroke depression (1)
- transparency (1)
- underdispersion (1)
- veterinary epidemiology (1)
- vibrational sum-frequency spectroscopy (1)
- zero inflation (1)
The paper presents a comprehensive model of a banking system that integrates network effects, bankruptcy costs, fire sales, and cross-holdings. For the integrated financial market we prove the existence of a price-payment equilibrium and design an algorithm for the computation of the greatest and the least equilibrium. The number of defaults corresponding to the greatest price-payment equilibrium is analyzed in several comparative case studies. These illustrate the individual and joint impact of interbank liabilities, bankruptcy costs, fire sales and cross-holdings on systemic risk. We study policy implications and regulatory instruments, including central bank guarantees and quantitative easing, the significance of last wills of financial institutions, and capital requirements.
Molecular hydrogen production from amorphous solid water during low energy electron irradiation
(2017)
This work investigates the production of molecular hydrogen isotopologues (H2, HD, and D2) during low energy electron irradiation of layered and isotopically labelled thin films of amorphous solid water (ASW) in ultrahigh vacuum. Experimentally, the production of these molecules with both irradiation time and incident electron energy in the range 400 to 500 eV is reported as a function of the depth of a buried D2O layer in an H2O film. H2 is produced consistently in all measurements, reflecting the H2O component of the film, though it does exhibit a modest reduction in intensity at the time corresponding to product escape from the buried D2O layer. In contrast, HD and D2 production exhibit peaks at times corresponding to product escape from the buried D2O layer in the composite film. These features broaden the deeper the HD or D2 is formed due to diffusion. A simple random-walk model is presented that can qualitatively explain the appearance profile of these peaks as a function of the incident electron penetration.
The adsorption of O atoms on the Fe(1 1 0) surface has been investigated by density functional theory for increasing degrees of oxygen coverage from 0.25 to 1 monolayer, to follow the evolution of the Osingle bondFe(1 1 0) system into an FeO(1 1 1)-like monolayer. We found that the quasi-threefold site is the most stable adsorption site for all coverages, with adsorption energies of ∼2.8–4.0 eV per O atom. Oxygen adsorption results in surface geometrical changes such as interlayer relaxation and buckling, the latter of which decreases with coverage. The calculated vibrational frequencies range from 265 to 470 cm−1 for the frustrated translational modes and 480–620 cm−1 for the stretching mode, and hence are in good agreement with the experimental values reported for bulk FeO wüstite. The hybridization of the oxygen 2p and iron 3d orbitals increases with oxygen coverage, and the partial density of states for the Osingle bondFe(1 1 0) system at full coverage resembles the one reported in the literature for bulk FeO. These results at full oxygen coverage point to the incipient formation of an FeO(1 1 1)-like monolayer that would eventually lead to the bulk FeO oxide layer.
The use of vibrational sum-frequency spectroscopy (VSFS) to study transferred graphene, produced by chemical vapour deposition, is presented. The VSF spectrum shows a clear CeH stretching mode at ~2924 cm⁻¹, which is attributed to residue of the polymer used for the transfer. This makes VSFS a powerful tool to identify adsorbates and contaminants affecting the properties of graphene.
Objective: To determine the distribution of symptoms of post-stroke depression (PSD) in relation to some predisposing factors in an African population.
Relevance: Environment is a key determinant of behavior, and varied socio-cultural contexts must have implications for modifiable characteristics (age, duration of the stroke, marital status, type of employment, gender, the location of cerebral lesion and complications) of individuals vulnerable to PSD, which may be targeted to enhance recovery.
Method: This was a cross-sectional observational study of 50 (22 females and 28 males) stroke survivors (mean age=54.76±8.79 years), at the physiotherapy department, the University of Nigeria teaching hospital, Enugu, selected using convenience sampling technique. Data were collected using Becks Depression Inventory and analyzed using Z-score, Chi-square test and univariate logistic regression, at p<0.05.
Results: PSD was more prevalent in females (45.45%); young(100%); middle-age(60%) adults(27-36/47-56 years respectively); living with spouse (45%); left cerebral lesions (40.74%); complications(45%); cold case >3 years(47.05%); self-employed and unemployed (66.67%), respectively. Age was significantly associated with depression (χ2 =4.92,df=1,p=0.03), and was related to the risk of PSD (3.7[1.1-12.0], p=0.03, φ = +0.31, φ2=0.1).
Conclusion: Age could be a risk factor for PSD, which was more prevalent in the elderly than young/middle-age adults, female gender, left cerebral lesion, complications, cold case; those living with a spouse, self-employed and unemployed.
Background: Diabetes is fast gaining the status of a potential epidemic in India, with >62 million individuals currently diagnosed with the disease. India currently faces an uncertain future in relation to the potential burden that diabetes may impose on the country. An estimated US$ 2.2 billion would be needed to sufficiently treat all cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in India. Many interventions can reduce the burden of this disease. However, health care resources are limited; thus, interventions for diabetes treatment should be prioritized. The present study assesses the cost-effectiveness of antidiabetic drugs in patients with T2DM from Mumbai, India.
Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was performed to assess the cost-effectiveness of antidiabetic drugs in patients with T2DM. Face-to-face interviews were conducted by using a validated questionnaire in a total of 152 (76 males, 76 females) patients with T2DM from F-North Ward, Mumbai, India. Cost-effectiveness was determined on the basis of cost of antidiabetic drug/s, efficacy, adverse drug reactions, safety of administration, frequency of administration, and bioavailability.
Results: For treatment of T2DM in non-obese participants, Glimepiride+Pioglitazone costed least (`3.7) per unit of effectiveness followed by Glimepiride (`6.6), Gliclazide (`8.1), Repaglinide (`24.5), and Vildagliptin (`45.2). For treatment of T2DM in obese participants, Metformin cost least (` 6.7) per unit of effectiveness followed by Glimepiride + Metformin (`5.9) and Repaglinide (`24.5).
Conclusions: In case of non-obese participants, cost effectiveness and prescribed treatments did not show a match, while for obese participants prescribed treatments were in line with cost effectiveness.
Objective: The study’s objective was to assess factors contributing to the use of smart devices by general practitioners (GPs) and patients in the health domain, while specifically addressing the situation in Germany, and to determine whether, and if so, how both groups differ in their perceptions of these technologies.
Methods: GPs and patients of resident practices in the Hannover region, Germany, were surveyed between April and June 2014. A total of 412 GPs in this region were invited by email to participate via an electronic survey, with 50 GPs actually doing so (response rate 12.1%). For surveying the patients, eight regional resident practices were visited by study personnel (once each). Every second patient arriving there (inclusion criteria: of age, fluent in German) was asked to take part (paper-based questionnaire). One hundred and seventy patients participated; 15 patients who did not give consent were excluded.
Results: The majority of the participating patients (68.2%, 116/170) and GPs (76%, 38/50) owned mobile devices. Of the patients, 49.9% (57/116) already made health-related use of mobile devices; 95% (36/38) of the participating GPs used them in a professional context. For patients, age (P<0.001) and education (P<0.001) were significant factors, but not gender (P>0.99). For doctors, neither age (P¼0.73), professional experience (P>0.99) nor gender (P¼0.19) influenced usage rates. For patients, the primary use case was obtaining health (service)-related information. For GPs, interprofessional communication and retrieving information were in the foreground. There was little app-related interaction between both groups.
Conclusions: GPs and patients use smart mobile devices to serve their specific interests. However, the full potentials of mobile technologies for health purposes are not yet being taken advantage of. Doctors as well as other care providers and the patients should work together on exploring and realising the potential benefits of the technology.
Background: Health information systems (HIS) are one of the most important areas for biomedical and health informatics. In order to professionally deal with HIS well-educated informaticians are needed. Because of these reasons, in 2001 an international course has been established: The Frank – van Swieten Lectures on Strategic Information Management of Health Information Systems.
Objectives: Reporting about the Frank – van Swieten Lectures and about our students‘ feedback on this course during the last 16 years. Summarizing our lessons learned and making recommendations for such international courses on HIS.
Methods: The basic concept of the Frank – van Swieten lectures is to teach the theoretical background in local lectures, to organize practical exercises on modelling sub-information systems of the respective local HIS and finally to conduct Joint Three Days as an international meeting were the resulting models are introduced and compared.
Results: During the last 16 years, the Universities of Amsterdam, Braunschweig, Heidelberg/Heilbronn, Leipzig as well as UMIT were involved in running this course. Overall, 517 students from these universities participated. Our students‘ feedback was clearly positive.
The Joint Three Days of the Frank – van Swieten Lectures, where at the end of the course all students can meet, turned out to be an important component of this course. Based on the last 16 years, we recommend common teaching materials, agreement on equivalent clinical areas for the exercises, support of group building of international student groups, motivation of using a collaboration platform, ensuring quality management of the course, addressing different levels of knowledge of the students, and ensuring sufficient funding for joint activities.
Conclusions: Although associated with considerable additional efforts, we can clearly recommend establishing such international courses on HIS, such as the Frank – van Swieten Lectures.
Objective
The study’s objective was to assess factors contributing to the use of smart devices by general practitioners (GPs) and patients in the health domain, while specifically addressing the situation in Germany, and to determine whether, and if so, how both groups differ in their perceptions of these technologies.
Methods
GPs and patients of resident practices in the Hannover region, Germany, were surveyed between April and June 2014. A total of 412 GPs in this region were invited by email to participate via an electronic survey, with 50 GPs actually doing so (response rate 12.1%). For surveying the patients, eight regional resident practices were visited by study personnel (once each). Every second patient arriving there (inclusion criteria: of age, fluent in German) was asked to take part (paper-based questionnaire). One hundred and seventy patients participated; 15 patients who did not give consent were excluded.
Results
The majority of the participating patients (68.2%, 116/170) and GPs (76%, 38/50) owned mobile devices. Of the patients, 49.9% (57/116) already made health-related use of mobile devices; 95% (36/38) of the participating GPs used them in a professional context. For patients, age (P < 0.001) and education (P < 0.001) were significant factors, but not gender (P > 0.99). For doctors, neither age (P = 0.73), professional experience (P > 0.99) nor gender (P = 0.19) influenced usage rates. For patients, the primary use case was obtaining health (service)-related information. For GPs, interprofessional communication and retrieving information were in the foreground. There was little app-related interaction between both groups.
Conclusions
GPs and patients use smart mobile devices to serve their specific interests. However, the full potentials of mobile technologies for health purposes are not yet being taken advantage of. Doctors as well as other care providers and the patients should work together on exploring and realising the potential benefits of the technology.
Background: Self-medication, practiced globally is an important public health problem. Research studies have indicated inappropriate self‐medication results in adverse drug reactions, disease masking, antibiotic resistance and wastage of healthcare resources. The objectives of the study were to explore overall self-medication and antibiotic self-medication prevalence among students of university students in Karachi, Pakistan along with probable reasons, indications, and sources of advice for self-medication. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study was carried out among students from university of Karachi, Pakistan during the time period of September to November 2016. Pretested questionnaire was distributed to 320 students, collected data was analyzed using IBM SPSS version 24. Results: From 320 students, 311 (83 male and 228 female) students participated in the study giving a response rate of 97%. Prevalence of self-medication was 66%. Belonging to higher monthly family income group was associated with likelihood of self-medication. Antibiotic self-medication prevalence was 39%. Lack of time (39%), and old prescription (35%) were the main reasons for self-medication. Pharmacy shop (75%) was the main source for self-medication. In case of antibiotics, 44% students changed the dosage of antibiotic and 50% students stopped antibiotics after the disappearance of the symptoms. Conclusions: Antibiotic self-medication (39%) and self-medication with other drugs among university students of Karachi is a worrisome problem. Our findings highlight the need for planning interventions to promote the judicious use of general medicines as well as that of antibiotics.