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The development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has profound implications for improving human and computational productivity in the future. However, it also is an existential risk to human life because it could exceed human capabilities. As such, information about the technology, the direction of the development and its purpose is important. This can be achieved through openness and transparency of processes. Indeed, companies hold property rights over AI and monopolies of software, data and experts. As a countermovement to leading AI companies, the “Open AI Movement” has evolved to push open-source AI research and products, to empower users, and to bridge the digital divide through participation and access. In this thesis, the implications of the declaration of AI as a commons have been analyzed through interviews with AI experts in the United States. The legal placement of AI is controversial but it could be seen as a basic human right. Other findings are that this field is very competitive and that the best approach is to collaboratively develop software that adds additional value on the edge of the commons.
Der Arbeitsalltag von Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftlern hat sich in den letzten Jahren dramatisch verändert. Forschen, Schreiben und Publizieren sind mittlerweile stark durch netzbasierte Anwendungen geprägt. Das digitale Zeitalter aber hat nicht nur neue technische Werkzeuge hervorgebracht, sondern auch neue Wege eröffnet, um Wissen zu generieren und zu verbreiten. Dies gilt sowohl innerhalb der akademischen Welt als auch über diese hinaus. Das Arbeiten mit dem Netz stellt unsere bisherigen etablierten wissenschaftlichen Praktiken in Frage. Forschung wird zunehmend vernetzt, kollaborativ, multimedial, trans- bzw. interdisziplinär durchgeführt. Das vorliegende Handbuch beschreibt diese sich herausbildenden wissenschaftlichen Praktiken. Ziel der Autoren war es dabei, ein praxisnahes und leicht verständliches Handbuch zu schreiben.
Cradle to Cradle – An analysis of the market potential in the German outdoor apparel industry
(2016)
The purpose of this study is to investigate the market potential in the German outdoor apparel industry by focusing on sustainable production in terms of environmental and human health. A literature study of the Cradle to Cradle (C2C) design concept is provided, as it represents a solution for pollution, waste and environmental destruction caused by the current industrial design and waste management. The data for the subsequent market- and competitive analysis of the German outdoor apparel industry was collected through secondary research in order to identify several key market indicators for the assessment of the market potential. The outcome of this research is the identification of a positioning strategy for outdoor apparel according to the C2C design concept. The results show stagnant growth rates in recent years in the German outdoor apparel market and strong rivalry among the competitors. However, a significant market potential was calculated and beneficial trends for sustainable outdoor brands were recognised. These findings reveal the existence of a market potential for an outdoor apparel brand according to the C2C design concept. By following a positioning strategy of transparency and full commitment to a sustainable production, the company might be able to gain market shares from its competitors, as future predictions indicate slow growth rates in the market. The results of this analysis can be of great interest for entrepreneurs that plan to enter the German outdoor apparel industry.
This research focuses on the fundamental ideas and underlying principles of E-Learning technology, as well as theoretical considerations for an optimal learning environment. This theoretical exploration was then used as a basis for the design and construction of a new, interactive Web-Based ESH-Training. The quality and effectiveness of this new course was then compared with that of the existing analog PDF-Training via a test with a diverse sample of employee learners. Learners were later surveyed to ascertain their views on both trainings in terms of the quality of the content, facilitator, resources, and length. Results clearly showed that regardless of demographic factors, most employee learners preferred the new, Web-Based ESH-Training to the analog PDF-Training.
Discovery and efficient reuse of technology pictures using Wikimedia infrastructures. A proposal
(2016)
Multimedia objects, especially images and figures, are essential for the visualization and interpretation of research findings. The distribution and reuse of these scientific objects is significantly improved under open access conditions, for instance in Wikipedia articles, in research literature, as well as in education and knowledge dissemination, where licensing of images often represents a serious barrier.
Whereas scientific publications are retrievable through library portals or other online search services due to standardized indices there is no targeted retrieval and access to the accompanying images and figures yet. Consequently there is a great demand to develop standardized indexing methods for these multimedia open access objects in order to improve the accessibility to this material.
With our proposal, we hope to serve a broad audience which looks up a scientific or technical term in a web search portal first. Until now, this audience has little chance to find an openly accessible and reusable image narrowly matching their search term on first try - frustratingly so, even if there is in fact such an image included in some open access article.
The bio-based plastic market is forecast to grow in the next years. With a growing market share and product range, the implementation of circular thinking is becoming more and more important also for bio-based plastics to enable a sound circular economy for these group of plastics. Therefore, it is important to assess the environmental performance for different end-of-life options of bio-based plastics from an early stage on. This review presents a comprehensive overview on the current status quo of different end-of-life options for bio-based plastics from an environmental perspective. Based on the status quo and the corresponding impact assessment results, the global plastic demand as well as the technical substitution potential of bio-based plastics, the environmental saving potential in case of the different end-of-life options was calculated. The review shows that there is a focus on polylactic acid (PLA) regarding end-of-life assessment, with studies covering all end-of-life options. The focus of the impact assessment has been set on global warming potential (GWP). With respect to GWP, the analysis of a future global potential of PLA showed, for mechanical recycling, the highest saving potential with 94.1 Mio. t CO2-eq. per year in comparison to virgin material.
Das Forschungscluster Energie – Mobilität – Prozesse stellt in acht Beiträgen aktuelle Ergebnisse aus laufenden Forschungsprojekten vor. Es werden Aspekte der Urbanen Logistik, der Automatisierung von Energiemanagementsystemen, der Effizienz von neuen Kältemaschinen, der Entsäuerung von Kulturgütern, der Auslastung von Pedelec-Vermietsystemen und der Reichweite von Elektrofahrzeugen behandelt. Zusätzlich werden relevante Daten in Form von 17 Diagrammen kompakt zusammengestellt.
Pathologists need to identify abnormal changes in tissue. With the developing digitalization, the used tissue slides are stored digitally. This enables pathologists to annotate the region of interest with the support of software tools. PathoLearn is a web-based learning platform explicitly developed for the teacher-student scenario, where the goal is that students learn to identify potential abnormal changes. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have become very important in medicine. Many health sectors already utilize AI and ML. This will only increase in the future, also in the field of pathology. Therefore, it is important to teach students the fundamentals and concepts of AI and ML early in their studies. Additionally, creating and training AI generally requires knowledge of programming and technical details. This thesis evaluates how this boundary can be overcome by comparing existing end-to-end AI platforms and teaching tools for AI. It was shown that a visual programming editor offers a fitting abstraction for creating neural networks without programming. This was extended with real-time collaboration to enable students to work in groups. Additionally, an automatic training feature was implemented, removing the necessity to know technical details about training neural networks.
This paper summarizes the results of a comprehensive statistical analysis on a corpus of open access articles and contained figures. It gives an insight into quantitative relationships between illustrations or types of illustrations, caption lengths, subjects, publishers, author affiliations, article citations and others.
Diese Literaturrecherche versucht eine Darstellung des Leseprozesses sowie der Leichten Sprache, die Menschen mit Lesestörungen dienen soll.
Es stellt sich heraus, dass künftig ein anderes System erforderlich sein wird, das es gestattet, Leserkategorien und Lernprozesse zu berücksichtigen.
Die Entwicklung einer Alternative auf der Basis einer geregelten Sprache (controlled language) könnte im Unterschied zur Leichten Sprache Dokumenttypen, Leserkategorien, Wort- und Grammatikkenntnisse sowie das beim Leser vorhandene Wissen berücksichtigen.