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Electrospinning with consequent thermal treatment consists in a carbon fiber production method that spins a polymer solution to create fibers with diameters around a few hundred nanometers. The thermal treatments are used for the cyclization and then carbonization of the material at 1700 °C for one hour. The unique structure of micro- and nano-carbon fibers makes them a promising material for various applications ranging from future battery designs to filtration. This work investigated the possibility of using milled gasification biochar, derived from a 20 kW fixed-bed gasifier fueled with vine pruning pellets, as an addictive in the preparation of electrospinning solutions. This study outlined that solvent cleaning and the consequent wet-milling and 32 µm sifting are fundamental passages for biochar preparation. Four different polyacrylonitrile-biochar shares were tested ranging from pure polymer to 50–50% solutions. The resulting fibers were analyzed via scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray and infrared spectroscopy. Results from the morphological analysis showed that biochar grains dispersed themselves well among the fiber mat in all the proposed shares. All the tested solutions, once carbonized, exceeded 97%wt. of carbon content. At higher carbonization temperatures, the inorganic compounds naturally showing in biochar such as potassium and calcium disappeared, resulting in an almost carbon-pure fiber matrix with biochar grains in between.
Im März 2021 fand erneut der langjährig etablierte „Erfahrungsaustausch: Fachreferate der Geisteswissenschaften“ statt, organisiert von Dorothee Graf (UB Duisburg-Essen), Alice Rabeler (ULB Bonn), Rosemarie Kosche (UB Duisburg-Essen) sowie Björn Gebert (ULB Münster). Ausgangspunkt der diesjährigen Veranstaltung war die Frage: „Was hat Corona im Fachreferat verändert? “ Die Veranstaltung, an der 80 Interessierte aus Deutschland und der Schweiz teilnahmen, gliederte sich in sechs inhaltliche Blöcke. Der Aufsatz fasst die Beiträge inhaltlich zusammen.
In the context of the ongoing digitization of interdisciplinary subjects, the need for digital literacy is increasing in all areas of everyday life. Furthermore, communication between science and society is facing new challenges, not least since the COVID-19 pandemic. In order to deal with these challenges and to provide target-oriented online teaching, new educational concepts for the transfer of knowledge to society are necessary. In the transfer project “Zukunftslabor Gesundheit” (ZLG), a didactic concept for the creation of E-Learning classes was developed. A key factor for the didactic concept is addressing heterogeneous target groups to reach the broadest possible spectrum of participants. The concept has already been used for the creation of the first ZLG E-Learning courses. This article outlines the central elements of the developed didactic concept and addresses the creation of the ZLG courses. The courses created so far appeal to different target groups and convey diverse types of knowledge at different levels of difficulty.
Die Digitalisierung der Geisteswissenschaften eröffnet Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftlern unter anderem neue Möglichkeiten des kollaborativen Arbeitens, des offenen Publizierens oder der direkten und öffentlichkeitswirksamen Wissenskommunikation. Auch die Literaturrecherche als ein Grundpfeiler wissenschaftlichen Arbeitens erfährt schon seit Jahren einen stetigen Wandel. Bibliotheken befinden sich als Anbieter von Literatur, Medien und Rechercheinstrumenten in einem Spannungsfeld: Die Kerntätigkeitsbereiche der Erwerbung sowie der Vermittlung von Informationskompetenz unterliegen auch aufgrund der zunehmenden Digitalisierung veränderten Rahmenbedingungen, die meistens außerhalb der Reichweite der lokalen Bibliothek liegen. Diese Bedingungen beeinflussen sowohl die Tätigkeiten des Bibliothekspersonals als auch die Informationsversorgung der Bibliothekskundinnen und -kunden stark.
In diesem Artikel soll mit Bezug auf eine Universitätsbibliothek mittlerer Größe und mit Blick auf eine ihrer wichtigsten Zielgruppen, nämlich die der Studierenden, dargestellt werden, wie sich im Zuge der zunehmenden Digitalisierung Fragen der Erwerbungspolitik und unterschiedliche Wege der Literaturrecherche auf das wissenschaftliche Arbeiten auswirken. Ein besonderes
Augenmerk gilt dabei dem Bestandsaufbau im Fachreferat Germanistik im Gefüge der an der Universität zu versorgenden Fächer. An der Schnittstelle zu Forschung, Lehre und Studium sind es die Fachreferentinnen und Fachreferenten der Bibliothek, die sowohl die Rahmenbedingungen als auch die verschiedenen Möglichkeiten der Literaturrecherche proaktiv vermitteln müssen.
Growing up in high-risk environments is detrimental to children’s development of attachment security. Parenting behavior is hypothesized to be the mechanism through which risks exert their influence. However, risk influences can vary between individuals by gender. Aim of this study was to explore specific pathways of family risk on early attachment security and additionally examine the transmission via parenting behavior. The sample consisted of 197 children and their primary caregivers. Children’s age ranged between 10 and 21 months (M = 15.25, SD = 3.59). Data assessment included 21 distal and proximal family risk factors, children’s attachment security, and parental responsivity and supportive presence. Whereas distal risk factors had an adverse effect only on girls’ attachment security, proximal risks negatively affected only boys’ attachment security. Additionally, patterns of risk factors occurring in our sample were analyzed using an exploratory principal component analysis. Regardless of the child’s gender, a low socio-economic status was negatively related to attachment security of all children. Migration and crowding and a high emotional load of the primary caregiver both negatively predicted girls’ but not boys’ attachment security. However, the attachment security of boys was affected by a negative family climate. Most of the adverse risk effects on attachment security were mediated by parental responsivity and supportive presence so that the transmission of risk occurs through parenting behavior. Results revealed a different susceptibility of family risks for girls and boys. The consideration of a gender-sensitive approach in developmental psychopathology and interventions of developmental child welfare services is recommended.
Decision support systems for traffic management systems have to cope with a high volume of events continuously generated by sensors. Conventional software architectures do not explicitly target the efficient processing of continuous event streams. Recently, event-driven architectures (EDA) have been proposed as a new paradigm for event-based applications. In this paper we propose a reference architecture for event-driven traffic management systems, which enables the analysis and processing of complex event streams in real-time and is therefore well-suited for decision support in sensor-based traffic control sys- tems. We will illustrate our approach in the domain of road traffic management. In particular, we will report on the redesign of an intelligent transportation management system (ITMS) prototype for the high-capacity road network in Bilbao, Spain.
M2M (machine-to-machine) systems use various communication technologies for automatically monitoring and controlling machines. In M2M systems, each machine emits a continuous stream of data records, which must be analyzed in real-time. Intelligent M2M systems should be able to diagnose their actual states and to trigger appropriate actions as soon as critical situations occur. In this paper, we show how complex event processing (CEP) can be used as the key technology for intelligent M2M systems. We provide an event-driven architecture that is adapted to the M2M domain. In particular, we define different models for the M2M domain, M2M machine states and M2M events. Furthermore, we present a general reference architecture defining the main stages of processing machine data. To prove the usefulness of our approach, we consider two real-world examples ‘solar power plants’ and ‘printers’, which show how easily the general architecture can be extended to concrete M2M scenarios.
