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Background: Falls are a common problem experienced by people living with HIV yet predictive models specific to this population remain underdeveloped. We aimed to identify, assess and stratify the predictive strength of various physiological, behavioral, and HIV-specific factors associated with falls among people living with HIV and inform a predictive model for fall prevention.
Methods: Systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to explore predictors of falls in people living with HIV. Data was sourced, screened, extracted, and analyzed by two independent reviewers from eight databases up to January 2nd, 2024, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) protocol. Evidence quality and bias were assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) and the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool (MMAT), respectively. Pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed using random-effects models to establish associations between predictors and falls risk. We applied established criteria (Bradford Hill’s criteria, Rothman’s and Nweke’s viewpoints) to stratify risk factors and create a weighted predictive algorithm.
Results: This review included 12 studies on falls/balance dysfunction in 117,638 participants (54,513 people living with HIV), with varying ages (45–50 years), sample sizes (32 − 26,373), study durations (6 months to 15 years), disease stages (CD4 + counts 347.2 cells/mm³ to ≥ 500 cells/µL) and fall definitions (self-reported histories to real-time reporting). Some predictors of falls in people living with HIV including depression, cannabis use, cognitive impairment/neurocognitive adverse effects (NCAE), hypertension, and stavudine—showed perfect risk responsiveness (Ri = 1), indicating their strong association with falls. Notably, cannabis use demonstrated the highest risk weight (Rw = 3.0, p < 0.05, 95%CI:1.51–5.82), followed by NCAE (Rw = 2.3, p < 0.05, 95%CI:1.66–3.21) and frailty with a broad confidence interval (Rw = 2.2, p < 0.05, 95%CI:0.73–14.40). Other significant predictors included hypertension (Rw = 1.8, p < 0.05, 95%CI:1.33–2.33), depression (Rw = 1.6, p < 0.05, 95%CI:1.22–2.18), stavudine use (Rw = 1.5, p < 0.05, 95%CI: 0.95–2.25), neuropathy (Rw = 1.3, p < 0.05, 95%CI:1.26–2.11), and polypharmacy (Rw = 1.2, p < 0.05, 95%CI:1.16–1.96). The fall risk threshold score was 12.8, representing the 76th percentile of the specific and sufficient risk weight.
Conclusion: Our meta-analysis identifies predictors of falls in people living with HIV, emphasizing physiological, behavioral, and HIV-specific factors. Integrating these into clinical practice could mitigate falls-related sequelae. We propose a novel approach to falls risk prediction using a novel clinical index, resulting in a HIV-specific falls risk assessment tool.
Late blowing is a prevalent and costly cheese defect caused by clostridia. In organic cheese production, the use of additives that inhibit the growth of clostridia is prohibited. Furthermore, mechanical methods for the removal of clostridia are impractical in organic dairies due to the small batch sizes involved and separation process temperatures (~55 °C) that are incompatible with the standards required for raw milk cheese production. The aim of this study was to investigate whether sufficient spore reduction can be achieved at lower temperatures (10, 35 °C) with a downsized separator (CSC18-01-077, GEA Westfalia) by varying the process parameters to describe the influence on the suitability of the treated milk for cheese production. In addition to spore reduction, total mesophilic bacteria count, the effects of separation on fat and casein losses, and damage to milk fat globules were assessed, as they can affect the yield and cheese quality. A significant reduction (p < 0.01) in spore concentration and total bacteria count in milk was achieved, regardless of the process parameters employed. Casein losses are reduced at 35 °C compared to 55 °C. The extent of fat loss in the sludge at 35 °C was minimal. The reduction in milk fat globule size was significant. Nonetheless, the results of this study demonstrate that a downsized centrifuge can be employed to augment the quality of small-batch raw milk cheese, particularly at a temperature of 35 °C.
This paper highlights the significance of AI-powered maintenance strategies in modern industry for operational optimization and reduced downtime. It emphasizes the crucial role of sensor data analysis in identifying anomalies and predicting failures. The research specifically examines sensor data from an automotive press shop, addressing questions related to data selection, collection challenges, and knowledge generation. By utilizing unsupervised learning on compressed air data from a press line, the study identifies patterns, anomalies, and correlations. The results offer insights into the potential for implementing an effective predictive maintenance strategy. Additionally, a systematic literature review underscores the importance of data analysis in production systems, particularly in the context of maintenance.
Seit 2023 bietet die Singapore Management University (SMU) die Weiterbildung „Emerging Library Leaders’ Summer School for Asia-Pacific“ an. Es handelt sich hierbei um eine fünftägige Weiterbildung für Bibliothekare am Anfang oder in der Mitte ihrer Karriere, wobei auch Fachangestellte für Medien- und Informationsdienste und Bibliotheksassistenten zugelassen werden. Obwohl sich die Summer School vorrangig an Beschäftigte in Asien richtet, ist der Veranstalter grundsätzlich bereit, Plätze an Interessierte aus Europa zu vergeben.
The user experience questionnaire (UEQ) is a widely used questionnaire to measure the subjective impression of users towards the user experience of products. The UEQ is a semantic differential with 26 items. Filling out the UEQ takes approximately 3-5 minutes, i.e. the UEQ is already reasonably efficient concerning the time required to answer all items. However, there exist several valid application scenarios, where filling out the entire UEQ appears impractical. This paper deals with the creation of an 8 item short version of the UEQ, which is optimized for these specific application scenarios. First validations of this short version are also described.
Questionnaires are a cheap and highly efficient tool for achieving a quantitative measure of a product’s user experience (UX). However, it is not always easy to decide, if a questionnaire result can really show whether a product satisfies this quality aspect. So a benchmark is useful. It allows comparing the results of one product to a large set of other products. In this paper we describe a benchmark for the User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ), a widely used evaluation tool for interactive products. We also describe how the benchmark can be applied to the quality assurance process for concrete projects.
Agile methods are used more and more frequently to develop products by reducing development time. Requirements are typically written in user stories or epics. In this paper, a new method called UX Poker is presented. This is a method to estimate the impact of a user story on user experience before development. Thus, there is the opportunity that the product backlog can also be sorted according to the expected UX. To evaluate UX Poker, a case study was conducted with four agile teams. Besides, a workshop followed by a questionnaire was conducted with all four agile teams. The goal of being able to estimate the UX even before development was achieved. Using UX Poker to create another way to sort the product backlog can be considered achieved in this first evaluation. The results show that UX Poker can be implemented in a real- life application. Additionally, during the use of UX Poker, it was found that a shared understanding of UX began. The participants clarified in the team discussion about UX Poker what related to influence the user stories had on UX and what UX meant for their product.
User experience (UX) is an important quality in differentiating products. For a product team, it is a challenge to develop a good positive user experience. A common UX vision for the product team supports the team in making goal-oriented decisions regarding the user experience. This paper presents an approach to developing a shared UX vision. This UX vision is developed by the product team while a collaborative session. To validate our approach, we conducted a first validation study. In this study, we conducted a collaborative session with two groups and a total of 37 participants. The group of participants comprised product managers, UX designers and comparable professional profiles. At the end of the collaborative session, participants had to fill out a questionnaire. Through questions and observations, we identified ten good practices and four bad practices in the application of our approach to developing a UX vision. The top 3 good practices mentioned by the participants include the definition of decision-making procedures (G1), determining the UX vision with the team (G2), and using general factors of the UX as a basis (G3). The top 3 bad practices are: providing too little time for the development of the UX vision (B1), not providing clear cluster designations (B2) and working without user data (B3). The results show that the present approach for developing a UX vision helps to promote a shared understanding of the intended UX in a quickly and simply way.
User experience (UX) is a holistic concept. We conceptualize UX as a set of semantically distinct quality aspects. These quality aspects relate subjectively perceived properties of the user interaction with a product to the psychological needs of users. Not all possible UX quality aspects are equally important for all products. The main use case of a product can determine the relative importance of UX aspects for the overall impression of the UX. In this paper, the authors present several studies that investigate this dependency between the product category and the importance of several well-known UX aspects. A method to measure the importance of such UX aspects is presented. In addition, the authors show that the observed importance ratings are stable, i.e., reproducible, and hardly influenced by demographic factors or cultural background. Thus, the ratings reported in our studies can be reused by UX professionals to find out which aspects of UX they should concentrate on in product design and evaluation.
Today’s users expect to be able to interact with the products they own without much effort and also want to be excited about them. The development of a positive user experience must therefore be managed. We understand management in general as a combination of a goal, a strategy, and resources. When applied to UX, user experience management consists of a UX goal, a UX strategy, and UX resources. We conducted a tertiary study and examined the current state of existing literature regarding possible requirements. We want to figure out, what requirements can be derived from the literature reviews with the focus on UX and agile development. In total, we were able to identify and analyse 16 studies. After analysing the studies in detail, we identified different requirements for UX management. In summary, we identified 13 requirements. The most frequently mentioned requirements were prototypes and UX/usability evaluation. Communication between UX professionals and developers was identified as a major improvement in the software development process. In summary, we were able to identify requirements for UX management of People/Social, Technology/Artifacts, and Process/Practice. However, we could not identify requirements for UX management that enabled the development and achievement of a UX goal.
