The 10 most recently published documents
The Institute for Employment Research (IAB), the Federal Institute for Population Research (BiB), the Research Centre of the Federal Office for Migration and Refugees, and the Socio-Economic Panel at DIW Berlin have surveyed 11,225 Ukrainian refugees in Germany from August to October 2022. The survey can be extrapolated to the refuge population who has arrived since the beginning of the war at February 24, 2022, to June 8, 2022, in Germany. The results show that the majority of refugees from Ukraine report war as the main flight motive, while personal contacts and respect of human rights were the main reasons to choose Germany as a destination. Roughly 80 percent of adult refugees are women. About the half lives together with minor-aged children, about 80 percent without a partner. Some 70 percent have tertiary education degrees. Yet, only 4 percent report good or very good, another 14 percent fair German language proficiency. About 50 percent visits or has already completed a German language class. 17 percent are employed, with some 70 percent of those performing qualified jobs. The health status of the refugee population is good, but life satisfaction well below the German population average. Above one-third of the refugees plans to stay in Germany forever or for several years, about one-third aim to leave Germany by the end of war, while 27 percent are not yet certain about their staying perspectives.
Bürstenlose Generatorsysteme mit doppelt gespeisten Kaskadenmaschinen werden zurzeit für die regenerative Energieerzeugung z. B. mit Windkraftanlagen untersucht. Sie sind eine Alternative zu Generatorsystemen mit doppelt gespeisten Induktionsmaschinen. Kaskadenmaschinen arbeiten mit zwei Drehfeldern verschiedener Polpaarzahlen. Im Stator befinden sich zwei Wicklungen für die beiden Polpaarzahlen oder eine Wicklung zur gleichzeitigen Erzeugung der beiden Drehfelder über jeweils getrennte Anschlüsse. Der Rotor trägt eine in sich kurzgeschlossene Wicklung, die gleichzeitig mit beiden Drehfeldern verkettet ist und deren Strom beide Drehfelder gleichzeitig erzeugt. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt wie die elektromagnetische Wirkung unsymmetrischer Rotorwicklungen für Kaskadenmaschinen mit der Drehfeldanalyse behandelt werden kann. Dieser Beitrag ist eine Erweiterung des früheren Beitrags Kaskadenmaschine ... Analyse der Rotorwicklung (https://doi.org/10.25968/opus-3071) um die Kenngrößen der Rotorwicklung. Die Rotorwicklungen erzeugen gleichzeitigen beide Grundfelder der Kaskadenmaschine. Sie sind z. T. mit Wicklungszweigen aufgebaut, die in verschiedenen Knoten zusammen geschaltet sind. Mit dem hier dargestellten Rechenverfahren wird die elektromagnetische Kopplung zwischen den Wicklungszweigen und zur Statorwicklung erfasst. Für das Verhalten der Wicklung werden Kenngrößen angegeben.
Der russische Angriffskrieg auf die Ukraine hat die größte Fluchtbewegung in Europa seit Ende des Zweiten Weltkriegs ausgelöst. Seit Kriegsbeginn sind mehr als eine Million Menschen aus der Ukraine nach Deutschland geflohen. Erste repräsentative Erkenntnisse über deren Lebenssituation und Zukunftspläne ermöglicht die Studie „Geflüchtete aus der Ukraine in Deutschland (IAB-BiB/FReDA-BAMF-SOEP Befragung)“, eine gemeinsame Studie des Instituts für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), des Bundesinstituts für Bevölkerungsforschung (BiB), des Forschungszentrums des Bundesamts für Migration und Flüchtlinge (BAMF-FZ) und des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP) am DIW Berlin. Für diese Studie wurden 11.763 Geflüchtete aus der Ukraine in der Zeit zwischen August und Oktober 2022 befragt.
One of the main concerns of this publication is to furnish a more rational basis for discussing bioplastics and use fact-based arguments in the public discourse. Furthermore, “Biopolymers – facts and statistics” aims to provide specific, qualified answers easily and quickly for decision-makers in particular from public administration and the industrial sector. Therefore, this publication is made up like a set of rules and standards and largely foregoes textual detail. It offers extensive market-relevant and technical facts presented in graphs and charts, which means that the information is much easier to grasp. The reader can expect comparative market figures for various materials, regions, applications, process routes, agricultural land use, water use or resource consumption, production capacities, geographic distribution, etc.
This study describes the first wave of the IAB-BiB/FReDA-BAMF-SOEP Survey on Ukrainian Refugees in Germany, a unique panel dataset based on over 11,000 interviews conducted between August and October 2022. The aim of the IAB-BiB/FReDA-BAMF-SOEP Survey is to provide a data-infrastructure for theory-driven and evidence-based research on various aspects of integration among Ukrainian refugees in Germany, the second most important destination country in the EU after Poland, hosting over a million people who arrived in Germany shortly after the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Based on the survey, this study also provides first insights into demographic, educational, linguistic, occupational, and social characteristics of this population. The analyses revealed that the refugee population comprised mostly young and educated individuals, with a significant proportion of females without partners and female-headed separated families. While German language skills were limited, about half of Ukrainian refugees had attended or were attending language courses. However, the integration process faced significant challenges, as the participation of children in day-care was relatively low, and the self-reported life satisfaction was markedly below the average of the German population. The study highlights the need for targeted policy measures to address such issues. Additionally, policies may aim at harnessing the high potential of the Ukrainian refugees for the German labor market. Given that a substantial proportion would like to stay in Germany permanently, policymakers should take note of these findings and aim to facilitate their long-term integration process to ensure that these refugees may thrive in Germany.
With this systematic literature review we investigate the use of graphical tools and standard notations, such as the Business Process Modelling Notation (BPMN) and the Unified Modelling Language (UML), in the development of simulations. In our review, we focus on different simulation methods, such as agentbased simulation, discrete event simulation, system dynamic simulation and hybrid simulation approaches. We examine more than 1.000 scientific articles, which cover simulation approaches in the area of operations management and business. Our results provide insights into the frequency of the use of notations in simulation development, the relationship between notations and simulation methods and secondarily the frequency of used simulation methods in the business environment.
This paper presents an approach to develop region-specific simulation models for quantifying and evaluating the traffic-related, environmental, and economic implications of combined passenger and freight transportation via shared autonomous vehicles (SAV). Based on a broad literature review, conceptual peculiarities, interdependencies and characteristics were derived and transferred into a conferrable, agent-based object library. Finally, to ensure its usefulness and credibility, an initial evaluation of the object library was carried out by developing and visually validating a simulation-prototype for a rural area in Hanover, Germany.
Kleine Anfragen sind das einfachste Instrument parlamentarischer Kontrolle. Sie dienen aber auch der medialen Aufmerksamkeit für Politiker*innen. Dem vorliegenden Beitrag liegt die Analyse von 43 Kleinen Anfragen von Abgeordneten der AfD in Landtagen und im Bundestag zu Geschlechterforschung, Gender Mainstreaming, Gleichstellung und Diversity an Hochschulen und Universitäten zugrunde, die zwischen 2015 und 2019 gestellt wurden. Mittels der wissenssoziologischen Hermeneutik wird rekonstruiert, wie Argumentationslinien antifeministischer Politik im Rahmen eines politischen Kontrollinstruments zur Geltung gelangen. Die Rekonstruktion der latenten Tiefenstruktur der Anfragen deckt auf, wie demokratie- und menschenfeindliche Standpunkte in eine bürokratisch legitimierte Form gebracht werden. In der latenten Dimension zeigt sich dabei ein fortwährendes Wechselspiel von Rationalisierungen und Ressentiments. Sichtbar wird das Streben nach umfassender Kontrolle mithilfe von Klassifikationen und Quantifizierungen mit dem Ziel, die eigenen Vorstellungen einer homogenen und statischen Gesellschaft durchzusetzen. Die Frage-Antwort-Struktur des Instruments Kleine Anfrage stützt hierbei rigide Konstruktionen von letztgültigen ‚richtigen‘ und ‚falschen‘ Wissensfiguren im Diskurs über gesellschaftliche Diversität.
Bovine mastitis is one of the most important diseases in the dairy industry and has detrimental impact on the economy and welfare of the animals. Further, treatment failure results in increased antibiotic use in the dairy industry, as some of these mastitis cases for unknown reasons are not resolved despite standard antibiotic treatment. Chronic biofilm infections are notoriously known to be difficult to eradicate with antibiotics and biofilm formation could be a possible explanation for mastitis cases that are not resolved by standard treatment. This paper reviews the current literature on biofilm in bovine mastitis research to evaluate the status and methods used in the literature. Focus of the current research has been on isolates from milk samples and investigation of their biofilm forming properties in vitro. However, in vitro observations of biofilm formation are not easily comparable with the in vivo situation inside the udder. Only two papers investigate the location and distribution of bacterial biofilms inside udders of dairy cows with mastitis. Based on the current knowledge, the role of biofilm in bovine mastitis is still unclear and more in vivo investigations are needed to uncover the actual role of biofilm formation in the pathogenesis of bovine mastitis.
Veterinary Treatment Approach and Antibiotic Usage for Clinical Mastitis in Danish Dairy Herds
(2021)
Danish veterinarians’ treatment approach and use of antibiotics for clinical mastitis were investigated through a web-based questionnaire. The objective of the study was to describe and evaluate how the clinical mastitis treatment practice in Danish dairy herds corresponds to evidence from the literature and legislative requirements, in order to suggest directions for improvements and approaches encouraging the prudent use of antibiotics. In total, 174 veterinarians working with cattle received the questionnaire and 85 (48.9%) completed it. Their answers suggested that the Danish treatment approach for clinical mastitis generally relies on combined systemic and intramammary antibiotic administration (92% would use this often or always) and almost always includes supportive treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (99% would use it often or always in combination with antibiotic therapy). While collecting milk samples in order to target treatment towards pathogens is a priority in the legislation and for veterinarians, the direct application seems hindered due to the waiting time with the currently used analysis practice. Consequently, 91% reported that they would start treatment immediately after clinical examination often or always. The results of this investigation show that there is a potential for improvement in targeting treatments towards the causative pathogen by encouraging methods that allow for a more rapid reliable pathogen determination. When this issue has been addressed, the available evidence on the best treatment practice of Gram-negative-caused mastitis cases can be applied properly, reducing the volume of antibiotic treatments with limited expected effect. Additionally, investigating the potential of reducing combined administration to only intramammary treatment in Gram-positive cases could be a further step towards a more prudent antibiotic strategy.
