The 10 most recently published documents
Mehr als 3,5 Millionen Menschen verbringen an deutschen Hochschulen den Großteil ihres Tages und sind hier gesundheitlichen Belastungen ausgesetzt. Die Rahmenbedingungen an Hochschulen können erheblichen Einfluss auf die Gesundheit der Studierenden und Beschäftigten haben. Die soziale Verantwortung der Fakultät V gegenüber den dort Studierenden und Beschäftigten hat zur Initiierung des Projektes der „Gesundheitsfördernden Fakultät V – Campus Kleefeld“ geführt.
Das Projekt zielt auf den Erhalt bzw. die nachhaltige Förderung der Gesundheit und Gesundheitskompetenz der dort lokalisierten Statusgruppen ab und möchte damit insbesondere die Motivation und Zufriedenheit der Studierenden und Beschäftigten an der Fakultät V unterstützen. Dieses Handbuch richtet sich an Fakultäten, die Interesse an einer langfristigen und nachhaltigen Implementierung gesundheitsförderlicher Maßnahmen für Studierende und/oder Beschäftigte haben und nach einer greifbaren sowie praxisnahen Unterstützung suchen.
As noted by Roman poet Virgil already more than 2,000 years ago: “The greatest wealth is health.”. Without health, there is no happiness, no peace, and no success according to the Reflections Recovery Center from Arizona, United States (USA, U.S.). The goal of the Healthy People 2020-project (HP2020), which is led by the Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (ODPHP), was to “promote quality life, healthy development, and health behaviors across all life stages” among the U.S. population. HP2020 measures progress by using so-called Leading Health Indicators (LHI), reliable data sources, baseline values as well as targets for LHI-individual improvements for every measurable objective to be achieved by 2020 and each following decade. In the further course, these values were compared to student populations from the U.S., Germany, and Poland. The goal of this master's thesis was to obtain more data on international health, particularly among student populations. For the statistical analysis, data were obtained from an online survey that was distributed to students in at least one university in each of the three countries. In total, data from 380 students were analyzed in terms of HP2020 goal attainment. To determine if statistically significant differences were present, the z-test was used. The biggest differences emerged on the following topics: access to healthcare, environmental quality, obesity as well as reproductive and sexual health.
Die Bachelorarbeit befasst sich mit dem Generieren kurzer fröhlicher und harmonischer Musikstücke mittels des Einsatzes genetischer Algorithmen. Dabei werden die Evolutionsprozesse der Biologie nachgeahmt. In der Programmiersprache Java, unter der Verwendung der Open-Source-Programmierbibliothek JFugue, sind dafür die einzelnen Zyklusphasen entworfen und implementiert worden.
Die Vereinigung der Biologie, der Kunst und der Informatik wird damit erreicht, um etwas ästhetisch Wirksames zu schaffen und stellt den besonderen Reiz der Arbeit dar.
Öffentliche Bibliotheken sind in der Digitalen Bildung von großer Bedeutung. Sie vermitteln digitale Kompetenzen, nutzen zunehmend neue Technologien und verleihen digitale Medien. Die Arbeit befasst sich mit der Förderung und Finanzierung digitaler Angebote in Bibliotheken. Zu Beginn wird ein Überblick über die Bibliotheksgesetzgebung in Deutschland gegeben. In diesem Zusammenhang wird die Forderung der Bibliotheken nach einer Normierung zur Pflichtaufgabe für Kommunen erörtert und ein Vergleich mit den europäischen Ländern Dänemark und Finnland gezogen. Eine Untersuchung der Drittmittelförderung auf Landesebene, Bundesebene und der Europäischen Kommission zeigt die Verortung der Bibliotheken in Förderprogrammen auf. Im Anschluss werden anhand von Best-Practice-Beispielen alternative Finanzierungsmöglichkeiten dargestellt. Meinungen von Vertretern aus Bibliotheken weisen auf die Vorteile und Nachteile von Drittmittelförderung, Fundraising, Rechtsformwechsel, Integration in die Stadtentwicklung oder die Entwicklung von Bibliothekskonzeptionen, Bibliotheksentwicklungsplänen sowie die Regelung durch Kulturfördergesetze hin. Ausgehend von den Ergebnissen der untersuchten Finanzierungmöglichkeiten wird abschließend die Notwendigkeit von Bibliotheksgesetzen diskutiert. Hieraus ergibt sich, dass Bibliotheksgesetze für eine einheitliche und zukunftsfähige Entwicklung der Bibliotheken in der Digitalen Bildung notwendig sind. Zugleich wird deutlich, dass die derzeit bestehenden Gesetze diese Anforderungen nicht leisten.
The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of bacteremia in dairy cows with severe mastitis. Milk samples were collected from affected udder quarters, and corresponding blood samples were collected from dairy cows with severe mastitis at the time of diagnosis before any therapeutic measures were undertaken. The cultural detection of pathogens in blood classified a bacteremia. Further diagnostic tests were performed to provide evidence of bacteremia. This was realized by PCR with regard to S. aureus, E. coli and S. uberis and the Limulus test. Detection of culturable pathogens in the blood of cows with severe clinical mastitis was rare and occurred in only one of 70 (1.4%) cases. Overall, bacterial growth was detected in 53 of 70 (75.7%) milk samples. S. uberis (22/70), E. coli (12/70) and S. aureus (4/70) were the most frequently isolated pathogens from milk of cows with severe mastitis. PCR was performed in 38 of 70 (54.3%) blood samples. PCR was positive in eight of 38 cases. S. uberis was found most frequently in six blood samples (8.6%). E. coli was found on PCR in one blood sample (1.4%). S. aureus was identified in one blood sample (1.4%). When Coliforms were detected in the quarter milk sample, a Limulus test was performed in the corresponding blood sample. In three of 15 cases, the Limulus test was positive (4.3% of samples). Further studies are needed to investigate the occurrence of bacteremia in cows with severe mastitis in a higher population size.
Das Stufenmodell „Komplexitätsstufen von aktivierenden Lernressourcen“ wurde von einem Projektteam der Fachhochschule Hannover für die Produktion von E-Learning Materialien entwickelt. Die Bachelorarbeit soll beantworten, ob das Modell in der Praxis anwendbar ist. Hierfür wird eine Analyse des Stufenmodells angestrebt.
Um die Anwendbarkeit zu überprüfen, wird das Stufenmodell mit Beispielen aus wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken abgeglichen. Die Beispiele basieren auf Lernressourcen, die aus Bibliotheken entnommen werden, die mittels E-Learning Informationskompetenz vermitteln.
Für die Analyse werden die Angebote anhand der Parameter und der Lernziele des Stufenmodells kategorisiert. Um die Ergebnisse anwendbar zu machen, wird weiterhin ein Konzept für die Förderung von Informationskompetenz mit E-Learning Werkzeugen vorgeschlagen.
Die Analyse des Stufenmodells zeigt auf, dass das Modell eine gute Orientierung ist, um E-Learning Ressourcen zu kategorisieren. Der Parameter Komplexität eignet sich, um die Ressourcen umfassend abzubilden, da die meisten Beispiele in das Modell einsortiert werden
können. Der Schwachpunkt des Modells besteht jedoch darin, dass zu viele Parameter berücksichtigt werden, die sich gegenseitig ausschließen können.
Die Ergebnisse der Analyse werden abschließend zu einem Konzept für Bibliotheken zusammengefasst. Die Theorien der Didaktik, sowie das Schwellenkonzept der Association of College & Research Libraries dienen hierbei als Grundlage. Dies zeigt auf, dass Informationskompetenz mit E-Learning Werkzeugen vermittelt werden und das Stufenmodell als Instrument dienlich sein kann.
Methods for standard meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy studies are well established and understood. For the more complex case in which studies report test accuracy across multiple thresholds, several approaches have recently been proposed. These are based on similar ideas, but make different assumptions. In this article, we apply four different approaches to data from a recent systematic review in the area of nephrology and compare the results. The four approaches use: a linear mixed effects model, a Bayesian multinomial random effects model, a time-to-event model and a nonparametric model, respectively. In the case study data, the accuracy of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin for the diagnosis of acute kidney injury was assessed in different scenarios, with sensitivity and specificity estimates available for three thresholds in each primary study. All approaches led to plausible and mostly similar summary results. However, we found considerable differences in results for some scenarios, for example, differences in the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of up to 0.13. The Bayesian approach tended to lead to the highest values of the AUC, and the nonparametric approach tended to produce the lowest values across the different scenarios. Though we recommend using these approaches, our findings motivate the need for a simulation study to explore optimal choice of method in various scenarios.
A descriptive cross-sectional study of cholera at Kakuma and Kalobeyei refugee camps, Kenya in 2018
(2020)
Introduction: cholera is a significant public health concern among displaced populations. Oral cholera vaccines are safe and can effectively be used as an adjunct to prevent cholera in settings with limited access to water and sanitation. Results from this study can inform future consideration for cholera vaccination at Kakuma and Kalobeyei.
Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional study of cholera cases at Kakuma refugee camp and Kalobeyei integrated settlement was carried out between May 2017 to May 2018 (one year). Data were extracted from the medical records and line lists at the cholera treatment centres.
Results: the results found 125 clinically suspected and confirmed cholera cases and one related death (CFR 0.8%). The cumulative incidence of all cases was 0.67 (95% CI=0.56-0.80) cases/1000 persons. Incidence of cholera was higher in children under the age of five 0.94(95% CI=0.63-1.36) cases/1000 persons. Children aged <5 years showed 51% increased risk of cholera compared to those aged ≥5 years (RR=1.51; 95% CI=1.00-2.31, p=0.051). Individuals from the Democratic Republic of Congo had nearly 9-fold risk of reporting cholera (RR=8.62; 95% CI=2.55-37.11, p<0.001) while individuals from South Sudan reported 7 times risk of cholera case compared to those from Somalia (RR=7.39; 95% CI=2.78-27.73, p<0.001).
Conclusion: in addition to the improvement of water, sanitation and hygiene (WaSH), vaccination could be implemented as a short-medium term measure of preventing cholera outbreaks. Age, country of origin and settlement independently predicted the risk of cholera.
In parcel delivery, the “last mile” from the parcel hub to the customer is costly, especially for time-sensitive delivery tasks that have to be completed within hours after arrival. Recently, crowdshipping has attracted increased attention as a new alternative to traditional delivery modes. In crowdshipping, private citizens (“the crowd”) perform short detours in their daily lives to contribute to parcel delivery in exchange for small incentives. However, achieving desirable crowd behavior is challenging as the crowd is highly dynamic and consists of autonomous, self-interested individuals. Leveraging crowdshipping for time-sensitive deliveries remains an open challenge. In this paper, we present an agent-based approach to on-time parcel delivery with crowds. Our system performs data stream processing on the couriers’ smartphone sensor data to predict delivery delays. Whenever a delay is predicted, the system attempts to forge an agreement for transferring the parcel from the current deliverer to a more promising courier nearby. Our experiments show that through accurate delay predictions and purposeful task transfers many delays can be prevented that would occur without our approach.
Objectives: Injury to major white matter pathways during language-area associated glioma surgery often leads to permanent loss of neurological function. The aim was to establish standardized tractography of language pathways as a predictor of language outcome in clinical neurosurgery.
Methods: We prospectively analyzed 50 surgical cases of patients with left perisylvian, diffuse gliomas. Standardized preoperative Diffusion-Tensor-Imaging (DTI)-based tractography of the 5 main language tracts (Arcuate Fasciculus [AF], Frontal Aslant Tract [FAT], Inferior Fronto-Occipital Fasciculus [IFOF], Inferior Longitudinal Fasciculus [ILF], Uncinate Fasciculus [UF]) and spatial analysis of tumor and tracts was performed. Postoperative imaging and the resulting resection map were analyzed for potential surgical injury of tracts. The language status was assessed preoperatively, postoperatively and after 3 months using the Aachen Aphasia Test and Berlin Aphasia Score. Correlation analyses, two-step cluster analysis and binary logistic regression were used to analyze associations of tractography results with language outcome after surgery.
Results: In 14 out of 50 patients (28%), new aphasic symptoms were detected 3 months after surgery. The preoperative infiltration of the AF was associated with functional worsening (cc = 0.314; p = 0.019). Cluster analysis of tract injury profiles revealed two areas particularly related to aphasia: the temporo-parieto-occipital junction (TPO; temporo-parietal AF, middle IFOF, middle ILF) and the temporal stem/peri-insular white matter (middle IFOF, anterior ILF, temporal UF, temporal AF). Injury to these areas (TPO: OR: 23.04; CI: 4.11 – 129.06; temporal stem: OR: 21.96; CI: 2.93 – 164.41) was associated with a higher-risk of persisting aphasia.
Conclusions: Tractography of language pathways can help to determine the individual aphasia risk profile presurgically. The TPO and temporal stem/peri-insular white matter were confirmed as functional nodes particularly sensitive to surgical injuries.
