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Hochtemperaturwärmepumpen (HTHP), die Abwärme als Wärmequelle nutzen, sind eine gute Möglichkeit für eine effiziente, kohlenstofffreie Prozesswärmeversorgung bis 150 °C. Die Kombination mit thermischen Speichern erhöht die Flexibilität des Systems und erlaubt die HTHP mit verfügbarer erneuerbarer Energie zu betreiben, Zeiten niedriger Stromkosten zu nutzen und den Spitzenlastbedarf zu reduzieren (Peak Shaving). Da Wärmepumpen aber mit kleinen Temperaturspreizungen arbeiten, lassen sie sich nicht gut mit sensiblen thermischen Speichern kombinieren. Für die Kombination mit der HTHP wird ein Speichersystem mit Thermalöl und elektrischem Erhitzer, der den Speicher auf über 300 °C heizen kann, vorgeschlagen. Die Simulation zahlreicher Varianten zeigt, dass das System kombiniert mit erneuerbaren Energien ein erhebliches Potential für die Reduzierung von CO2-Emissionen und den Bezug von Netzstrom hat.
Folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism (FOCM) is a key pathway essential for nucleotide synthesis, DNA methylation, and repair. This pathway is a critical target for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), which is predominantly used for colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment. A comprehensive assessment of polymorphisms in FOCM-related genes and their association with prognosis has not yet been performed. Within 1,739 CRC cases aged ≥30years diagnosed from 2003 to 2007 (DACHS study), we investigated 397 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 50 candidates in 48 FOCM-related genes for associations with overall- (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) using multiple Cox regression (adjusted for age, sex, stage, grade, BMI, and alcohol). We investigated effect modification by 5-FU-based chemotherapy and assessed pathway-specific effects. Correction for multiple testing was performed using false discovery rates (FDR). After a median follow-up time of 5.0 years, 585 patients were deceased. For one candidate SNP in MTHFR and two in TYMS, we observed significant inverse associations with OS (MTHFR: rs1801133, C677T: HRhet=0.81, 95% CI: 0.67–0.97; TYMS: rs1001761: HRhet=0.82, 95% CI: 0.68–0.99 and rs2847149: HRhet=0.82, 95% CI: 0.68–0.99). After FDR correction, one polymorphism in paraoxonase 1 (PON1; rs3917538) was significantly associated with OS (HRhet=1.28, 95% CI: 1.07–1.53; HRhzv=2.02, 95% CI:1.46–2.80; HRlogAdd=1.31, pFDR=0.01). Adjusted pathway analyses showed significant associations for pyrimidine biosynthesis (P=0.04) and fluorouracil drug metabolism (P<0.01) with significant gene–chemotherapy interactions, including PON1 rs3917538. This study supports the concept that FOCM-related genes could be associated with CRC survival and may modify effects of 5-FU-based chemotherapy in genes in pyrimidine and fluorouracil metabolism, which are relevant targets for therapeutic response and prognosis in CRC. These results require confirmation in additional clinical studies.
