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Background: Discovery of antibiotics have helped to manage the devastating diseases. Presently, the antibiotic era is threatened by the emergence of high level of antibiotic resistance of important pathogens. Misuse of antibiotics poses a serious risk to infectious disease control. It is necessary to improve public awareness to bring a change in the behavior of consumers. Therefore, present study was undertaken to assess the existing knowledge, attitude and practices related to antibiotic usage among university students.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among students from Mumbai University, India during May-June 2017. 300 students were approached to participate in the study of which 250 agreed to participate (males: 117; females: 133). Pretested questionnaire was distributed and collected data was analyzed using IBM SPSS version 23.
Results: Substantial number (33% and 40%) participants were unaware about the differences in antibiotic-anti-inflammatory drugs and antibiotic-antipyretics respectively. 28% of the participants thought it is right to stop antibiotics only based on symptoms improvement. Sixty eight percent and seventy nine percent participants believed that antibiotics should always be prescribed to treat flu like symptoms and pneumonia respectively.
Conclusions: Participants demonstrated poor knowledge about antibiotics. Similarly, their attitude and practice toward antibiotic use was associated with misconceptions. An educational intervention can be introduced to make them aware about rational antibiotic practices.
BACKGROUND:
Safety climate research suggests that a corresponding climate in work units is crucial for patient safety. Intensive care units are usually co-led by a nurse and a physician, who are responsible for aligning an interprofessional workforce and warrant a high level of safety. Yet, little is known about whether and how these interprofessional co-leaders jointly affect their unit's safety climate.
PURPOSE:
This empirical study aims to explain differences in the units' safety climate as an outcome of the nurse and physician leaders' degree of shared goals. Specifically, we examine whether the degree to which co-leaders share goals in general fosters a safety climate by pronouncing norms of interprofessional cooperation as a behavioral standard for the team members' interactions.
METHODOLOGY/APPROACH:
A cross-sectional design was used to gather data from 70 neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in Germany. Survey data for our variables were collected from the unit's leading nurse and the leading physician, as well as from the unit's nursing and physician team members. Hypotheses testing at unit level was conducted using multivariate linear regression.
RESULTS:
Our analyses show that the extent to which nurse-physician co-leaders share goals covaries with safety climate in NICUs. This relationship is partially mediated by norms of interprofessional cooperation among NICU team members. Our final model accounts for 54% of the variability in safety climate of NICUs.
CONCLUSION:
Increasing the extent to which co-leaders share goals is an effective lever to strengthen interprofessional cooperation and foster a safety climate among nursing and physician team members of hospital units.
Bereits zum dritten Mal in Folge nahm eine zehnköpfige Gruppe Studierender der Hochschule Hannover aus dem Vollzeit- sowie dem berufsbegleitenden Bachelor-Studiengang Informationsmanagement, in Begleitung zweier Dozentinnen, an der BOBCATSSS-Konferenz teil. Nachdem bisher ausschließlich auf der Hochschulwebseite und tagesaktuell im Blog über Erfahrungen und Erlebnisse während der drei BOBCATSSS-Exkursionen berichtet wurde, folgt hiermit nun ein zusammenhängender Beitrag über die diesjährige Konferenz vom 24. bis zum 26. Januar 2018 in Riga, Lettland. Die BOBCATSSS-Konferenz ist eine internationale Konferenz der Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaften. Im Gegensatz zu IFLA & Co wird sie fast ausschließlich von Studierenden wechselnder Universitäten in Europa ausgerichtet.
The properties of these carbon nanostructures are determined by the structure and orientation of the graphitic domains during pyrolysis of carbon precursors. In this work, we investigated systematically the impact of creep stress during the stabilization process on the cyclization and molecular orientation of polyacrylonitrile as well as the graphitized structure after high temperature carbonization. Therefore, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) is electrospun and then stabilized with and without application of creep stress at different temperatures. The effect of creep stress on cyclization was monitored via Fourier transform IR spectroscopy (FTIR) and it was found that the degree of cyclization varies with the application of creep stress during the initial stages of cyclization at low temperatures (190°C and 210°C) in contrast to cyclization done at higher temperature (230°C). Herman molecular orientation factor was evaluated by polarized FTIR for PAN nanofibers cyclized with and without creep stress at 230°C-10 h. Subsequently, carbonization was performed at 1000°C and 1200°C for nanofibers cyclized at 230°C-10 h. Our results from XRD and Raman spectroscopy shows that the degree of graphitization and ordering of graphitic domains was enhanced for PAN nanofibers that were creep stressed during the cyclization process, even though both PAN nanofibers cyclized with creep stress and without creep stress showed the same amount of cyclized material. This increased degree of graphitization can be tracked to application of creep stress during the stabilization process which obviously favors the formation of sp2-hybridized carbon planes in the carbonization process. This finding highlights the impact of mechanical stress linking the cyclization of PAN nanofibers to graphitization.
Our results will pave the way for a deeper understanding of mechano-chemical processes to fabricate well-aligned graphitic domains which improves the mechanical and electrical properties of CNFs.
Foucault im Jobcenter : Supervision in einem widersprüchlichen gesellschaftlichen Feld (Teil 2)
(2018)
Ziel dieses zweiten Teils ist eine ausführliche (struktur-)hermeneutische Rekonstruktion und Interpretation des Falles, den wir 2017 im ersten Teil dieses Artikels zur Illustration einer historischen, gesellschaftskritischen und makrosoziologischen Perspektive auf den Wandel der Arbeitswelt und den aktivierenden Sozialstaat verwendet hatten. Diese Perspektive tritt nun zugunsten biografischer, sozialwissenschaftlicher und pädagogischer sowie institutions- und organisationstheoretischer Interpretationen und Analysen des Feldes Jobcenter zurück. In ihm spiegeln sich die im ersten Teil beschriebenen Desintegrationsdynamiken wie in einem Brennglas wider. Die biografische Interpretation baut auf der Gestaltmehrdeutigkeit von Biografien nach Rosenthal auf, sie thematisiert die biografischen Übergänge, die eng mit der Bewältigung der Entwicklungsaufgaben korrelieren. Darüber hinaus werden sozialwissenschaftlich sowohl psychoanalytische als auch rollen-, habitus- und machttheoretische Aspekte eine wichtige Rolle spielen. In der institutions- und organisationstheoretischen Interpretation werden die Strukturen und das Beratungsverständnis der Jobcenter als gesellschaftliche Institution analysiert. Beratungswissenschaftlich und supervisionstheoretisch bedeutsam aus der Sicht der Autoren ist, dass sowohl Supervisor_innen als auch die Mitarbeitenden in den Jobcentern über biografietheoretische, sozialwissenschaftliche und sozial-pädagogischen Wissensbestände verfügen sollten, damit sie die komplexen, unverstandenen und aufgrund der Aktenlage häufig fragmentierten Biografien ihrer ‚Kund_innen‘ besser verstehen und beurteilen können. Nur dann scheint auch eine advokatorische Ethik greifen zu können, die das unverstandene Material nicht zu Ungunsten ihrer Klient_innen auslegt. Ziel dieses Artikels ist es, einen sozial- und strukturhermeneutischen Verstehenszugang in dieses für die Supervision interessante Feld zu eröffnen, der zugleich homologe Übertragungsmöglichkeiten in andere gesellschaftliche Felder ermöglichen kann.
One of the main concerns of this publication is to furnish a more rational basis for discussing bioplastics and use fact-based arguments in the public discourse. Furthermore, “Biopolymers – facts and statistics” aims to provide specific, qualified answers easily and quickly for decision-makers in particular from public administration and the industrial sector. Therefore, this publication is made up like a set of rules and standards and largely foregoes textual detail. It offers extensive market-relevant and technical facts presented in graphs and charts, which means that the information is much easier to grasp. The reader can expect comparative market figures for various materials, regions, applications, process routes, agricultural land use, water use or resource consumption, production capacities, geographic distribution, etc.
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) are popular for indexing library records. We studied the possibility of assigning LCSH automatically by training classifiers for terms used frequently in a large collection of abstracts of the literature on hand and by extracting headings from those abstracts. The resulting classifiers reach an acceptable level of precision, but fail in terms of recall partly because we could only train classifiers for a small number of LCSH. Extraction, i.e., the matching of headings in the text, produces better recall but extremely low precision. We found that combining both methods leads to a significant improvement of recall and a slight improvement of F1 score with only a small decrease in precision.
Ein Schnittstellen-Datenmodell der Variabilität in automatisch bewerteten Programmieraufgaben
(2018)
Automatisch bewertete, variable Programmieraufgaben stellen besondere Schnittstellenanforderungen an Autobewerter (Grader) und Lernmanagementsysteme (LMS). Um Wiederverwendung von Aufgaben über Systemgrenzen hinweg zu begünstigen, schlagen wir vor, Aufgabenschablonen durch eine von allen beteiligten Systemen genutzte Middleware zu instanziieren und dabei Variabilitätsinformationen in einem Schnittstellen-Datenmodell zu transportieren. Wir stellen ein solches Datenmodell vor, welches für die Grader-unabhängige Kommunikation mit LMS ausgelegt ist und beispielhaft im Autobewerter Graja implementiert wurde. Zudem wird eine Dialogkomponente für die manuelle Werteauswahl vorgestellt, die auch bei großen Wertemengen effizient und Grader-unabhängig einsetzbar ist. Die Eignung des Dialogs und des Datenmodells wird anhand eines typischen Bewertungsszenarios diskutiert.
Knowledge and attitude towards voluntary blood donation among students from Mumbai University
(2018)
Background: Blood is scarce; its demand far outweighs the supply. In addition to limited supply, the issue of safety especially with regard to the risk of transfusion transmissible infection is also an issue of utmost concern especially in the developing countries. Blood transfusion services in India have gained special significance in recent years and forms a vital part of national health care system. Voluntary Non-Remunerated Blood Donation (VNRBD) is the safest of all types of blood donations. One of the potential sources that can be tapped for blood donation is the young and physically fit students from educational institutions across India. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among students from Mumbai University, India during May–June 2017. Two hundred and fifty students were approached to participate in the study of which 201 agreed to participate (males: 104; females: 97). Pretested questionnaire was distributed and collected data was analyzed using IBM SPSS version 23. Results: High number of participants agreed about encouraging general public about voluntary blood donation (96%; 193/201), lack of awareness about VBD in general public (82%; 164/201). But not a single participant was able to respond to the knowledge part of the questionnaire with 100% accuracy. Almost all the participants had correct knowledge about blood groups (98%; 196/201) and blood matching need (195/201; 97%). Conclusions: Participants showed good attitude but demonstrated poor knowledge about voluntary blood donation. Details about blood donation should be incorporated in the undergraduate curriculum and periodic awareness programs should be organized for students.
