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End users urgently request using mobile devices at their workplace. They know these devices from their private life and appreciate functionality and usability, and want to benefit from these advantages at work as well. Limitations and restrictions would not be accepted by them. On the contrary, companies are obliged to employ substantial organizational and technical measures to ensure data security and compliance when allowing to use mobile devices at the workplace. So far, only individual arrangements have been presented addressing single issues in ensuring data security and compliance. However, companies need to follow a comprehensive set of measures addressing all relevant aspects of data security and compliance in order to play it safe. Thus, in this paper at first technical architectures for using mobile devices in enterprise IT are reviewed. Thereafter a set of compliance rules is presented and, as major contribution, technical measures are explained that enable a company to integrate mobile devices into enterprise IT while still complying with these rules comprehensively. Depending on the company context, one or more of the technical architectures have to be chosen impacting the specific technical measures for compliance as elaborated in this paper. Altogether this paper, for the first time, correlates technical architectures for using mobile devices at the workplace with technical measures to assure data security and compliance according to a comprehensive set of rules.
Hypertension is a serious global public health problem. It accounts for 10% of all deaths in India and is the leading noncommunicable disease.1 Recent studies have shown that the prevalence of hypertension is 25% in urban and 10% in rural people in India.2 It exerts a substantial public health burden on cardiovascular health status and health care systems in India.3 Antihypertensive treatment effectively reduces hypertension-related morbidity and mortality.1 The cost of medications has always been a barrier to effective treatment.
Diabetes is fast gaining the status of a potential epidemic in India, with >62 million individuals currently diagnosed with the disease.1 India currently faces an uncertain future in relation to the potential burden that diabetes may impose on the country. An estimated US$ 2.2 billion would be needed to sufficiently treat all cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in India.2 Many interventions can reduce the burden of this disease. However, health care resources are limited; thus, interventions for diabetes treatment should be prioritized.
Publication Bias
(2016)
According to the Declaration of Helsinki, as well as the Statement on Public Disclosure of Clinical Trial Results of the World Health Organization, every researcher has the ethical obligation to publish research results on all trials with human participants in a complete and accurate way within 12 months after the end of the trial.1,2 Nevertheless, for several reasons, not all research results are published in an accurate way in case they are released at all. This phenomenon of publication bias may not only create a false impression on the reliability of clinical research business, but it may also affect the evidence of clinical conclusions about the best treatments, which are mostly based on published data and results.
The most important attribute for which we all aspire as human beings is good health because it enables us to undertake different forms of activities of daily living. The emergence of scientific knowledge in Western societies has enabled us to explore and define several parameters of “health” by drawing boundaries around factors that are known to impact the achievement of good health. For example, the World Health Organization defined health by taking physical and psychological factors into consideration.
Immunization is the most cost-effective intervention for infectious diseases, which are the major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Vaccines not only protect the individual who is vaccinated but also reduce the burden of infectious vaccine-preventable diseases for the entire community.
1 Adult vaccination is very important given that >25% of mortality is due to infectious diseases.
2 There is a scarcity of information on the vaccination status of young adults and the role of socioeconomic conditions in India.
Ever since the 1996 revision of the Declaration of Helsinki, the World Medical Association has attempted to address ethical and scientific concerns of its diverse stakeholders for Articles 33 (use of placebo) and 34 (posttrial provisions), most recently in 2013. Both are inextricably linked to standard of care, an essential element of any comparative, interventional clinical trial. But has this now 20-year-long ethical debate truly been put to rest? The choice of standard of care in clinical trials remains a complex issue, particularly for comparative trials conducted in emerging countries.
The medical devices sector helps save lives by providing innovative health care solutions regarding diagnosis, prevention, monitoring, treatment, and alleviation. Medical devices are classified into 1 of 3 categories in the order of increasing risk: Class I, Class II, and Class III.1 Medical devices are distinguished from drugs for regulatory purposes based on mechanism of action. Unlike drugs, medical devices operate via physical or mechanical means and are not dependent on metabolism to accomplish their primary intended effect.
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Risk Evaluation and Advice in Undergraduate Students in Ashrafieh, Lebanon
(2016)
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic lifestyle disease. It has become evident that T2DM occurs even among the younger age groups.1 In Lebanon, T2DM has a major public health impact through high disease prevalence, significant downstream pathophysiologic effects, and enormous financial liabilities.2
From an ethical perspective, clinical research involving humans is only acceptable if it involves the potential for benefit. Various characteristics can be applied to differentiate research benefit. Often benefit is categorized in direct or indirect benefit, whereby indirect benefit might be further differentiated in collective or benefit for the society, excluding or including the trial patient in the long term. Ethical guidelines, such as the Declaration of Helsinki in its latest version, do not precisely favor a particular type of benefit.
The world health organization defines musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) as “a disorder of muscles, tendons, peripheral vascular system not directly resulting from an acute or instantaneous event.1 Work related MSDs are one of the most important occupational hazards.1 Among many other occupations, dentistry is a highly demanding profession that requires good visual acuity, hearing, depth perception, psychomotor skills, manual dexterity, and ability to maintain occupational postures over long periods.
Malnutrition is the condition in which the body does not get the right amount of proteins, vitamins, or other nutrients.1 The global prevalence of malnutrition was reported as 13% in 2015.2 The subregion of South Asia is especially known as a critical area for severe wasted children aged <5 years.3 In India, 38.4% of children aged <3 years are stunted, and 46% are underweight.4 Malnutrition can lead to mortality as well as disabilities and long-term consequences such as cognitive disabilities, less economic productivity, or diseases.
BACKGROUND: Even though physician rating websites (PRWs) have been gaining in importance in both practice and research, little evidence is available on the association of patients' online ratings with the quality of care of physicians. It thus remains unclear whether patients should rely on these ratings when selecting a physician. The objective of this study was to measure the association between online ratings and structural and quality of care measures for 65 physician practices from the German Integrated Health Care Network "Quality and Efficiency" (QuE). METHODS: Online reviews from two German PRWs were included which covered a three-year period (2011 to 2013) and included 1179 and 991 ratings, respectively. Information for 65 QuE practices was obtained for the year 2012 and included 21 measures related to structural information (N = 6), process quality (N = 10), intermediate outcomes (N = 2), patient satisfaction (N = 1), and costs (N = 2). The Spearman rank coefficient of correlation was applied to measure the association between ratings and practice-related information. RESULTS: Patient satisfaction results from offline surveys and the patients per doctor ratio in a practice were shown to be significantly associated with online ratings on both PRWs. For one PRW, additional significant associations could be shown between online ratings and cost-related measures for medication, preventative examinations, and one diabetes type 2-related intermediate outcome measure. There again, results from the second PRW showed significant associations with the age of the physicians and the number of patients per practice, four process-related quality measures for diabetes type 2 and asthma, and one cost-related measure for medication. CONCLUSIONS: Several significant associations were found which varied between the PRWs. Patients interested in the satisfaction of other patients with a physician might select a physician on the basis of online ratings. Even though our results indicate associations with some diabetes and asthma measures, but not with coronary heart disease measures, there is still insufficient evidence to draw strong conclusions. The limited number of practices in our study may have weakened our findings.
This paper describes the latest accomplishments on the current research that is based on the master’s thesis “Ein System zur Erstellung taktiler Karten für blinde und sehbehinderte Menschen” (German for “A system creating tactile maps for blind and visually impaired people”) (Hänßgen, 2012). The system consists of two parts. The first part is new software especially designed and developed for creating tactile maps addressing the needs of blind and visually impaired people on tactile information. The second is an embossing device based on a modified CNC (computer numerical control) router. By using OpenStreetMap-data, the developed system is capable of embossing tactile maps into Braille paper and writing film.
Streptococcus (S.) uberis is a causative agent for clinical and subclinical bovine mastitis which significance for the udder health has increased over the last decades. Molecular diagnosis methods revealed that S. uberis may be subdivided into many different varieties with different epidemiological properties. In addition, some varieties were reclassified as Streptococcus parauberis and Globicatella sanguinis. The present paper reviews S. uberis and its role in modern dairy farming. This pathogen is ubiquitous for which it is considered as environment- associated. Straw bedding and pasture, but also the bovine skin and digestive mucosae are typical localizations inhabited by S. uberis. Due to its capacity to persist within the mammary tissue, some infections may eventually turn cow-associated. In other cases, the infection is short, but in any case, there is a high risk of re-infection. Although many varieties remain susceptible to most antimicrobial agents, the problem for the dairy farm lies in the high rate of re-infection. This paper also reviews risk factors, therapies and measures to control S. uberis at farm level.
BACKGROUND: Over the past decade, physician-rating websites have been gaining attention in scientific literature and in the media. However, little knowledge is available about the awareness and the impact of using such sites on health care professionals. It also remains unclear what key predictors are associated with the knowledge and the use of physician-rating websites. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the current level of awareness and use of physician-rating websites in Germany and to determine their impact on physician choice making and the key predictors which are associated with the knowledge and the use of physician-rating websites. METHODS: This study was designed as a cross-sectional survey. An online panel was consulted in January 2013. A questionnaire was developed containing 28 questions; a pretest was carried out to assess the comprehension of the questionnaire. Several sociodemographic (eg, age, gender, health insurance status, Internet use) and 2 health-related independent variables (ie, health status and health care utilization) were included. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and t tests. Binary multivariate logistic regression models were performed for elaborating the characteristics of physician-rating website users. Results from the logistic regression are presented for both the observed and weighted sample. RESULTS: In total, 1505 respondents (mean age 43.73 years, SD 14.39; 857/1505, 57.25% female) completed our survey. Of all respondents, 32.09% (483/1505) heard of physician-rating websites and 25.32% (381/1505) already had used a website when searching for a physician. Furthermore, 11.03% (166/1505) had already posted a rating on a physician-rating website. Approximately 65.35% (249/381) consulted a particular physician based on the ratings shown on the websites; in contrast, 52.23% (199/381) had not consulted a particular physician because of the publicly reported ratings. Significantly higher likelihoods for being aware of the websites could be demonstrated for female participants (P<.001), those who were widowed (P=.01), covered by statutory health insurance (P=.02), and with higher health care utilization (P<.001). Health care utilization was significantly associated with all dependent variables in our multivariate logistic regression models (P<.001). Furthermore, significantly higher scores could be shown for health insurance status in the unweighted and Internet use in the weighted models. CONCLUSIONS: Neither health policy makers nor physicians should underestimate the influence of physician-rating websites. They already play an important role in providing information to help patients decide on an appropriate physician. Assuming there will be a rising level of public awareness, the influence of their use will increase well into the future. Future studies should assess the impact of physician-rating websites under experimental conditions and investigate whether physician-rating websites have the potential to reflect the quality of care offered by health care providers.
BACKGROUND:
Despite their increasing popularity, little is known about how users perceive mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet PCs in medical contexts. Available studies are often restricted to evaluating the success of specific interventions and do not adequately cover the users' basic attitudes, for example, their expectations or concerns toward using mobile devices in medical settings.
OBJECTIVE:
The objective of the study was to obtain a comprehensive picture, both from the perspective of the patients, as well as the doctors, regarding the use and acceptance of mobile devices within medical contexts in general well as the perceived challenges when introducing the technology.
METHODS:
Doctors working at Hannover Medical School (206/1151, response 17.90%), as well as patients being admitted to this facility (213/279, utilization 76.3%) were surveyed about their acceptance and use of mobile devices in medical settings. Regarding demographics, both samples were representative of the respective study population. GNU R (version 3.1.1) was used for statistical testing. Fisher's exact test, two-sided, alpha=.05 with Monte Carlo approximation, 2000 replicates, was applied to determine dependencies between two variables.
RESULTS:
The majority of participants already own mobile devices (doctors, 168/206, 81.6%; patients, 110/213, 51.6%). For doctors, use in a professional context does not depend on age (P=.66), professional experience (P=.80), or function (P=.34); gender was a factor (P=.009), and use was more common among male (61/135, 45.2%) than female doctors (17/67, 25%). A correlation between use of mobile devices and age (P=.001) as well as education (P=.002) was seen for patients. Minor differences regarding how mobile devices are perceived in sensitive medical contexts mostly relate to data security, patients are more critical of the devices being used for storing and processing patient data; every fifth patient opposed this, but nevertheless, 4.8% of doctors (10/206) use their devices for this purpose. Both groups voiced only minor concerns about the credibility of the provided content or the technical reliability of the devices. While 8.3% of the doctors (17/206) avoided use during patient contact because they thought patients might be unfamiliar with the devices, (25/213) 11.7% of patients expressed concerns about the technology being too complicated to be used in a health context.
CONCLUSIONS:
Differences in how patients and doctors perceive the use of mobile devices can be attributed to age and level of education; these factors are often mentioned as contributors of the problems with (mobile) technologies. To fully realize the potential of mobile technologies in a health care context, the needs of both the elderly as well as those who are educationally disadvantaged need to be carefully addressed in all strategies relating to mobile technology in a health context.
The automated transfer of flight logbook information from aircrafts into aircraft maintenance systems leads to reduced ground and maintenance time and is thus desirable from an economical point of view. Until recently, flight logbooks have not been managed electronically in aircrafts or at least the data transfer from aircraft to ground maintenance system has been executed manually. Latest aircraft types such as the Airbus A380 or the Boeing 787 do support an electronic logbook and thus make an automated transfer possible. A generic flight logbook transfer system must deal with different data formats on the input side – due to different aircraft makes and models – as well as different, distributed aircraft maintenance systems for different airlines as aircraft operators. This article contributes the concept and top level distributed system architecture of such a generic system for automated flight log data transfer. It has been developed within a joint industry and applied research project. The architecture has already been successfully evaluated in a prototypical implementation.
Purpose. To identify stroke survivors with symptoms of poststroke depression and the extent of psychiatry needs and care they have received while on physiotherapy rehabilitation. Participants. Fifty stroke survivors (22 females and 28 males) at the outpatient unit of Physiotherapy Department, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, who gave their informed consent, were randomly selected. Their age range and mean age were 26–66 years and 54.76 ± 8.79 years, respectively. Method. A multiple case study of 50 stroke survivors for symptoms of poststroke depression was done with Beck’s Depression Inventory, mini mental status examination tool, and Modified Motor Assessment Scale. The tests were performed independently by the participants except otherwise stated and scored on a scale of 0–6. Data were analyzed using -test for proportional significance and chi-square test for determining relationship between variables, at p < 0.05. Results. Twenty-one (42.0%) stroke survivors had symptoms of PSD, which was significantly dependent on duration of stroke ( = 21.680, df = 6, and p = 0.001), yet none of the participants had a psychiatry review. Conclusions. Symptoms of PSD may be common in cold compared to new cases of stroke and may need psychiatry care while on physiotherapy rehabilitation.
A decline in the CD4 count is a common feature in HIV/AIDS, suggesting a compromise in immunity of patients. In response, highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is prescribed to slow-down a diminution in the CD4 count and risk of AIDS-related malignancies. However, exercise may improve both the utility and population of innate immune cell components, and may be beneficial for patients with HIV infection. Comparing the effects of different exercises against HAART, on CD4 count, helps in understanding the role and evidence-based application of exercises to ameliorate immune deficiency.
Malnutrition, nutritional deficiency, or undernutrition is an imbalanced nutritional status resulting from insufficient intake of nutrients to meet normal physiologic requirements. Malnutrition in childhood has both short-term consequences and long-term consequences on mental and physical health as well as the overall health development of children. Of all regions in the world, the Asia and the Pacific region has achieved the fastest rate of economic growth. There is no evidence that this rapid economic growth translates into a decline in malnutrition of children in Asian countries such as India.
The use of secondary data in health care research has become a very important issue over the past few years. Data from the treatment context are being used for evaluation of medical data for external quality assurance, as well as to answer medical questions in the form of registers and research databases. Additionally, the establishment of electronic clinical systems like data warehouses provides new opportunities for the secondary use of clinical data. Because health data is among the most sensitive information about an individual, the data must be safeguarded from disclosure.
Objectives: To assess the relation between the number of clinical trials conducted and respective new drug approvals in India and South Africa.
Design: Construction and analysis of a comprehensive database of completed randomised controlled clinical trials based on clinicaltrials.gov from 1 January 2005 to 31 December 2010 and drug approval data from 2006 until 2013 for India and South Africa.
Setting: USA, the EU, India and South Africa.
Main outcome measures: Percentage of completed randomised clinical trials for an Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP) leading to new drug approval in India and South Africa.
Results: A total of 622 eligible randomised controlled trials were identified as per search criteria for India and South Africa. Clustering them for the same sponsor and the same Investigational New Drug (IND) resulted in 453 eligible trials, that is, 224 for India and 229 for South Africa. The distribution of the market application approvals between the EU/USA as well as India and South Africa revealed that out of clinical trials with the participation of test centres in India and/or South Africa, 39.6% (India) clinical trials and 60.1% (South Africa) clinical trials led to market authorisation in the EU/USA without a New Drug Application (NDA) approval in India or South Africa.
Conclusions: Despite an increase in clinical trial activities, there is a clear gap between the number of trials conducted and market availability of these new drugs in India and South Africa. Drug regulatory authorities, investigators, institutional review boards and patient groups should direct their efforts to ensuring availability of new drugs in the market that have been tested and researched on their population.
The technical, environmental and economic potential of hemp fines as a natural filler in bioplastics to produce biocomposites is the subject of this study – giving a holistic overview. Hemp fines are an agricultural by-product of the hemp fibres and shives production. Shives and fibres are for example used in the paper, animal bedding or composite area. About 15 to 20 wt.-% per kg hemp straw results in hemp fines after processing. In 2010 about 11,439 metric tons of hemp fines were produced in Europe. Hemp fines are an inhomogeneous material which includes hemp dust, shives and fibre. For these examinations the hemp fines are sieved in a further step with a tumbler sieving machine to obtain more specified fractions. The untreated hemp fines (ex work) as well as the sieved fractions are combined with a polylactide polymer (PLA) using a co-rotating twin screw extruder to produce biocomposites with different hemp fine content. By using an injection moulding machine standard test bars are produced to conduct several material tests. The Young’s modulus is increased and the impact strength reduced by hemp fines. With a content of above 15 wt.-% hemp fines are also improving the environmental (global warming potential) and economic performance in comparison to pure PLA.
The dependency of word similarity in vector space models on the frequency of words has been noted in a few studies, but has received very little attention. We study the influence of word frequency in a set of 10 000 randomly selected word pairs for a number of different combinations of feature weighting schemes and similarity measures. We find that the similarity of word pairs for all methods, except for the one using singular value decomposition to reduce the dimensionality of the feature space, is determined to a large extent by the frequency of the words. In a binary classification task of pairs of synonyms and unrelated words we find that for all similarity measures the results can be improved when we correct for the frequency bias.
Discovery and efficient reuse of technology pictures using Wikimedia infrastructures. A proposal
(2016)
Multimedia objects, especially images and figures, are essential for the visualization and interpretation of research findings. The distribution and reuse of these scientific objects is significantly improved under open access conditions, for instance in Wikipedia articles, in research literature, as well as in education and knowledge dissemination, where licensing of images often represents a serious barrier.
Whereas scientific publications are retrievable through library portals or other online search services due to standardized indices there is no targeted retrieval and access to the accompanying images and figures yet. Consequently there is a great demand to develop standardized indexing methods for these multimedia open access objects in order to improve the accessibility to this material.
With our proposal, we hope to serve a broad audience which looks up a scientific or technical term in a web search portal first. Until now, this audience has little chance to find an openly accessible and reusable image narrowly matching their search term on first try - frustratingly so, even if there is in fact such an image included in some open access article.
OSGi is a popular Java-based platform, which has its roots in the area of embedded systems. However, nowadays it is used more and more in enterprise systems. To fit this new application area, OSGi has recently been extended with the Remote Services specification. This specification enables distribution, which OSGi was previously lacking. However, the specification provides means for synchronous communication only and leaves out asynchronous communication. As an attempt to fill a gap in this field, we propose, implement and evaluate an approach for the integration of asynchronous messaging into OSGi.
Of late, decrease in mineral oil supplies has stimulated research on use of biomass as an alternative energy source. Climate change has brought problems such as increased drought and erratic rains. This, together with a rise in land degeneration problems with concomitant loss in soil fertility has inspired the scientific world to look for alternative bio-energy species. Euphorbia tirucalli L., a tree with C3/CAM metabolism in leaves/stem, can be cultivated on marginal, arid land and could be a good alternative source of biofuel.
We analyzed a broad variety of E. tirucalli plants collected from different countries for their genetic diversity using AFLP. Physiological responses to induced drought stress were determined in a number of genotypes by monitoring growth parameters and influence on photosynthesis. For future breeding of economically interesting genotypes, rubber content and biogas production were quantified.
Cluster analysis shows that the studied genotypes are divided into two groups, African and mostly non-African genotypes. Different genotypes respond significantly different to various levels of water. Malate measurement indicates that there is induction of CAM in leaves following drought stress. Rubber content varies strongly between genotypes. An investigation of the biogas production capacities of six E. tirucalli genotypes reveals biogas yields higher than from rapeseed but lower than maize silage.
Metagenomic studies use high-throughput sequence data to investigate microbial communities in situ. However, considerable challenges remain in the analysis of these data, particularly with regard to speed and reliable analysis of microbial species as opposed to higher level taxa such as phyla. We here present Genometa, a computationally undemanding graphical user interface program that enables identification of bacterial species and gene content from datasets generated by inexpensive high-throughput short read sequencing technologies. Our approach was first verified on two simulated metagenomic short read datasets, detecting 100% and 94% of the bacterial species included with few false positives or false negatives. Subsequent comparative benchmarking analysis against three popular metagenomic algorithms on an Illumina human gut dataset revealed Genometa to attribute the most reads to bacteria at species level (i.e. including all strains of that species) and demonstrate similar or better accuracy than the other programs. Lastly, speed was demonstrated to be many times that of BLAST due to the use of modern short read aligners. Our method is highly accurate if bacteria in the sample are represented by genomes in the reference sequence but cannot find species absent from the reference. This method is one of the most user-friendly and resource efficient approaches and is thus feasible for rapidly analysing millions of short reads on a personal computer.
Im Frühling 2007 beauftragte die Landeshauptstadt Hannover die damalige Evangelische Fachhochschule Hannover (jetzt: Fachhochschule Hannover, Fakultät V, Soziale Arbeit) mit der Evaluation zur „flächendeckenden Sprachförderung für Migrantenkinder und Kinder mit Sprachschwierigkeiten“. In der Zeit vom Mai 2007 bis zum April 2009 führte Frau Rosemarie Lüters unter Leitung von Joachim Romppel die Forschungsarbeiten durch.
Während des letzten Jahres haben wir als Forschungsteam eine Vielzahl an Informationen durch persönliche Gespräche, Eindrücke vor Ort und Auswertung von Materialien und Berichten erhalten. Der Umfang der Arbeiten führte weit über die ursprüngliche Planung hinaus. Die Vorbereitungsgespräche pendelten zwischen den Anliegen von Politik und Verwaltung einen Überblick einerseits und sehr detaillierte Einblicke andererseits zu erhalten. Dieser Spannbreite haben wir versucht durch Bezug auf die drei Jugendeinrichtungen und auf die Fachgespräche im Jugendforum gerecht zu werden. Mit diesem Bericht stellen wir die wichtigen Ergebnisse heraus, an denen eine Weiterarbeit und Vertiefung von Fachleuten und Aktiven der Stadt in den nächsten Jahren erfolgen kann. Der Bericht enthält Bestandsaufnahmen sowie Vorschläge und Empfehlungen mit weiterführenden Hinweisen. Eine Prioritätensetzung wurde nicht vorgenommen, sondern obliegt den Entscheidern vor Ort.
Open Educational Resources (OER) sind offen lizensierte und frei zugängliche Lehr- und Lernmaterialien, deren Inhalte übernommen, angepasst und unter der gleichen Lizenz weiter verbreitet werden dürfen. Sie stellen einen wichtigen Beitrag zum lebenslangen Lernen dar. In Zusammenhang mit dem wechselnden Rollenverständnis von Wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken hin zu einem Lernort, gewinnen OER zunehmend an Bedeutung. Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Nutzung und dem Umgang von OER in Wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken. Dargestellt an ausgewählten Beispielen im Zusammenhang mit dem Studium von Flüchtlingen an der KIRON-Universität und deren Zugang zu deutschen Hochschulen. Abschließend gibt diese Arbeit einen Ausblick auf Bereiche, aus denen Bibliotheken zukünftige Dienstleistungen für Ihre Trägereinrichtungen im Bereich der OER entwickeln können. Die Arbeit basiert auf einer Prüfungsleistung vom 14.02.2016 in der Lehrveranstaltung „Aktuelle Entwicklungen im Informationsmanagement“ unter Frau Dr. Ina Blümel.
Die Aufnahme von Computerspielen in den Bibliotheksbestand stellt viele Einrichtungen vor neue Herausforderungen, da diese Medien vermehrt nicht in physischer Form vertrieben werden. Welche grundlegenden Überlegungen kommen auf Bibliotheken und ihre Mitarbeiter zu, wenn sie Konzepte zum Einsatz digitaler Spiele erarbeiten und mit diesen Medien erfolgreich arbeiten wollen? Anhand von Best-Practice-Beispielen werden innovative Ideen aufgezeigt, die abseits eines reinen Verleihkonzepts Bibliotheken in Spiel- und Lernorte verwandeln, in denen alle Medien gleichberechtigt als Informationsträger nebeneinander eingesetzt werden. Ausgehend von der Geschichte der Computerspiele über die Beleuchtung der Zusammenhänge zwischen der Nutzung digitaler Spiele und der Steigerung von (Lern-)Kompetenzen zeigt diese Arbeit abschließend ein Konzept, wie digitale und analoge Spielstrategien verknüpft und Nutzern ein einzigartiges Spielerlebnis im Bibliotheksraum geboten werden kann.
Dieses Paper geht auf eine Prüfungsleistung vom 14.02.2016 in der Lehrveranstaltung „Aktuelle Entwicklungen im Informationsmanagement“ im Wintersemester 2015/16 aus dem Studiengang Informationsmanagement (berufsbegleitend) der Hochschule Hannover unter Frau Dr. Ina Blümel zurück.
Das Ergebnis dieser Untersuchung ist eine umfassenden Literatur- und Internetrecherche zum Thema Open Government in Deutschland. Hierbei steht die Fragestellung "Welche Ziele hat die aktuelle Bundesregierung bis jetzt erreicht?" auf Basis des Koalitionsvertrags der 18.Legislaturperiode im Mittelpunkt. Es wird eine Übersicht über die Gesetzesgrundlage mit einem Fokus auf dem e-Government-Gesetz gegeben. Zudem wird der aktuelle Sachstand des Koalitionsvertrags betreffend Open Government an neun Punkten betrachtet und abschließend bewertet.
In der Zentralbibliothek der Hochschule Hannover wurde ab Wintersemester 2012 ein Experiment mit Roving Librarians durchgeführt, um die Auskunftsqualität zu verbessern. Die Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeiter der Bibliothek liefen zu diesem Zweck mit einem Netbook ausgerüstet durch den Benutzungsbereich der Bibliothek, um Fragen der Nutzer und Nutzerinnen gleich dort aufzufangen, wo sie entstehen. Der Versuch kann nicht als erfolgreich bezeichnet werden, doch konnten während des Experiments wertvolle Einblicke in Nutzerwünsche gewonnen werden.
Angesichts der tiefgreifenden Veränderungen in der Medienbranche (z. B. Digitalisierung, Konvergenz) müssen Medienunternehmen gemeinsam mit externen Partnern innovative Geschäftsmodelle vorantreiben. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht die Bedeutung der Beziehungsqualität und der Nutzung von Steuerungsmechanismen für den Erfolg unternehmensübergreifender Geschäftsmodellinnovationen. Anhand eines Datensatzes von 198 Medienunternehmen weisen wir einen positiven Zusammenhang zwischen der Beziehungsintensität und der Umsetzung von Geschäftsmodellinnovationen nach. Dieser Zusammenhang wird durch ein starkes Vertrauen und detaillierte formelle Verträge zwischen den Partnern zusätzlich gefördert. Daraus lässt sich ableiten, wie Medienunternehmen Partnerschaften im Kontext von Business-Model-Innovationen effektiv gestalten können.
Ein Autobewerter für von Studierenden eingereichte Programme führt die im ProFormA-Aufgabenformat sequentiell spezifizierten "Tests" aus, um die Einreichung zu prüfen. Bzgl. der Interpretation und Darstellung der Testausführungsergebnisse gibt es derzeit keinen graderübergreifenden Standard. Wir beschreiben eine Erweiterung des ProFormA-Aufgabenformats um eine Hierarchie von Bewertungsaspekten, die nach didaktischen Aspekten gruppiert ist und Referenzen auf die Testausführungen besitzt. Die Erweiterung wurde in Graja umgesetzt, einem Autobewerter für Java-Programme. Je nach gewünschter Detailaufschlüsselung der Bewertungsaspekte müssen in der Konsequenz Testausführungen in Teilausführungen aufgebrochen werden. Wir illustrieren unseren Vorschlag unter Einsatz der Testwerkzeuge Compiler, dynamischer Softwaretest, statische Analyse sowie unter Einsatz menschlicher Bewerter.
Das Thema Linked Open Data hat in den vergangenen Jahren im Bereich der Bibliotheken viel Aufmerksamkeit erfahren. Unterschiedlichste Projekte werden von Bibliotheken betrieben, um Linked Open Data für die Einrichtung und die Kunden nutzbringend einzusetzen. Ausgangspunkt für diese Arbeit ist die These, dass Linked Open Data im Bibliotheksbereich das größte Potenzial freisetzen kann. Es wird überprüft, inwiefern diese Aussage auch auf Öffentliche Bibliotheken zutrifft und aufgezeigt, welche Möglichkeiten sich daraus ergeben könnten.
Die Arbeit führt in die Grundlagen von Linked Open Data (LOD) ein und betrachtet die Entwicklungen im Bibliotheksbereich. Dabei werden besonders Initiativen
zur Behandlung bibliothekarischer Metadaten und der aktuelle Entwicklungsstand von LOD-fähigen Bibliothekssystemen behandelt. Danach wird eine Auswahl
an LOD-Datensets vorgestellt, die bibliothekarische Metadaten liefern oder deren Daten als Anreicherungsinformationen in Kataloganwendungen eingesetzt werden können.
Im Anschluss wird das Projekt OpenCat der Öffentlichen Bibliothek Fresnes (Frankreich) sowie das LOD-Projekt an der Deichmanske Bibliothek Oslo (Norwegen) vorgestellt. Darauf folgt ein Einblick in die Möglichkeiten, welche durch die Verwendung von LOD in Öffentlichen Bibliotheken verwirklicht werden könnten sowie erste Handlungsempfehlungen für Öffentliche Bibliotheken.
Die Bachelorarbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Ontologie des Forschungsinformationssystems VIVO. In der Arbeit wird der Versuch unternommen, die Ontologie an die Besonderheiten des deutschen Wissenschaftsbetriebs anzupassen, mit dem Ziel, die Einführung des Systems für eine deutsche Einrichtung zu erleichtern. Das Mapping und die Erweiterung sind auf die Bereiche „Positionsbezeichnungen“ und „Organisationseinheiten“ beschränkt.
Der theoretische Teil behandelt das Thema der Forschungsinformationen und deren Implementierung in ein Forschungsinformationssystem. Unter anderem werden auch die Tendenzen der Standardisierung in dem Bereich beleuchtet.
Bei der Darstellung von VIVO als eine Semantic-Web-Anwendung steht die Ontologie, als Grundlage für die Funktionalitäten des Systems im Vordergrund.
Die vorliegende Arbeit bietet eine Einführung in die am weitesten verbreiteten Methoden der Usability Evaluation, die heuristische Evaluation und den Usability Test. Beide Methoden werden vorgestellt und anhand von vier Bibliothekskatalogen angewendet. Untersuchungsgegenstand sind die Bibliothekskataloge der Stadtbücherei Bamberg, der Stadtbücherei Würzburg, der Stadtbücherei Augsburg und der Stadtbücherei Osnabrück.
Die Erwartungen der Generation Y zu kennen, ist wichtig für Unternehmen, die Leistungsträger aus dieser Generation langfristig binden wollen. Die affektive Bindung der Generation Y gegenüber einer Organisation, der Zusammenhang zwischen der Erfüllung arbeitsbezogener Erwartungen und affektivem Commitment sowie der Fluktuationsneigung der Generation Y werden empirisch überprüft. Die Generation Y hat hohe Erwartungen an Unternehmenswerte und Unternehmenskultur. Es wurden Zusammenhänge zwischen der Erfüllung von Erwartungen und der affektiven Bindung gegenüber einer Organisation gefunden. Es wird empfohlen Personalmanagementmaßnahmen zu implementieren, die passgenau auf die Erfüllung der Erwartungen der Generation Y ausgerichtet sind.
Wir beschreiben und belegen anhand eines Pilotprojekts in einer zweiten Grundschulklasse, dass Informatik in der Grundschule das Potential hat, fächerübergreifend Kompetenzen in fast allen Fächern des Grundschulkanons zu fördern. Wir erläutern mehrere Unterrichtseinheiten eines ScratchJr-Einsatzes und dokumentieren positive Wirkungen auf vielfältige Kompetenzen, die Kinder im Grundschulalter erwerben sollen. Der Beitrag stellt einen Erfahrungsbericht und qualitative Ergebnisse zur Verfügung. Eingesetzte Arbeitsmaterialien werden online zur Verfügung gestellt. Die bisherigen positiven Erfahrungen haben uns veranlasst, die Arbeit mit ScratchJr in der Pilotklasse auf mehrere Monate auszudehnen.
Das Verhalten von Fußgängern wird seit einigen Jahrzehnten mit dem Ziel erforscht, Empfehlungen zur Reduzierung von Verletzten und Toten im Straßenverkehr auszusprechen. Diese Studie befasst sich mit ausgewählten Ergebnissen nationaler und internationaler Studien zum Fußgängerverhalten und verfolgt das Ziel, die bisherigen Forschungsergebnisse anhand einer verdeckten Beobachtung von Fußgängern im Straßenverkehr zu überprüfen. Hierzu wurde das Verhalten an einer Fußgängerampel in Hannover an zwei Wochentagen mehrere Stunden lang beobachtet. Bei der Auswertung der Ergebnisse konnten signifikante Zusammenhänge zwischen den untersuchten Einflussgrößen und dem Verhalten der beobachteten Personen festgestellt werden. Insbesondere deren Alter, die Anwesenheit weiterer Personen und das Fehlverhalten weiterer Personen erwiesen sich als die wichtige Prädiktoren für die Entscheidung, selbst bei Rot zu gehen.
Es wird der Fall des reinen Internverkehrs zwischen endlich vielen Teilnehmern bei voller Erreichbarkeit der Verbindungswege an einem einfachen Modell behandelt. Die Verkehrsgrößen werden berechnet. Der Verlust wird nach seinen verschiedenen möglichen Entstehungsursachen spezifiziert. Die entsprechenden Verlustwahrscheinlichkeiten werden exakt berechnet. Für die numerische Berechnung werden Rekursionsformeln abgeleitet. Unter den genannten Voraussetzungen sind die angegebenen Beziehungen auch für kleinste Teilnehmeranzahlen gültig. Ein aktueller Anwendungsfall liegt bei der Bemessung der Sprechkreisanzahl in einem Nachrichtensystem mit dezentraler Vermittlungstechnik und Vielfachzugriff zu den vorhandenen Sprechkreisen vor.
Wird ein Problem chronisch, könnte man dies als Mangel an Kreativität interpretieren. Die Antwort auf die Frage „wie könnte eine Problemlösung ohne schädliche Nebenwirkungen aussehen?“ fällt häufig allerdings nicht leicht.
Der vorliegende Arbeitsbericht hat sich zur Aufgabe gemacht, für solche Problemlösungen die Aufmerksamkeit auf eine Tür zu lenken, die heutzutage tendenziell verschlossen ist. Die Empfehlung lautet, das gewohnte Denken zu transzendieren. Viele große Künstler und Wissenschaftler sind diesen Weg gegangen und haben auf diese Weise Kreatives hervorgebracht. So hat sich z.B. Johannes Brahms für seine Kompositionen in einen besonderen Zustand versetzt, der ihm „transzendentale Offenbarungen“ ermöglichte. Er erwähnte auch, dass jeder Mensch über solche Möglichkeiten verfügt, um auf diese Weise unkonventionelle Problemlösungen auf die Erde zu holen.
Bitte recht freundlich!
(2013)
Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht die Wirkung von Spitzenführungspersonal-Fotos. Sie liefert Antworten auf die Frage, welche Mimik und welche Gestik auf solchen Fotos bei den betrachtenden Personen die positivste Wirkung erzeugt und welche Wirkungsunterschiede existieren, in Abhängigkeit davon, wer das Foto betrachtet und in Abhängigkeit davon, ob auf dem Foto eine weibliche oder männliche Person zu sehen ist.
Beim Betrachten von Portraitfotos entstehen bei Menschen automatisch und unbewusst Vorstellungen über die Eigenschaften der abgebildeten Person, so genannte implizite Persönlichkeitstheorien.
Die Untersuchung wurde als Online-Befragung in Form einer Bildbewertungsstudie durchgeführt. Als Stimulusmaterial wurden jeweils 16 Fotos einer weiblichen und einer männlichen Spitzenführungskraft produziert, welche unterschiedliche Kombinationen aus Gestiken und Mimiken zeigten, die nach den Attributen Glaubwürdigkeit, Sympathie, Attraktivität, Kompetenz und Entschlossenheit bewertet wurden.
Weibliche Spitzenführungskräfte wirken am positivsten, wenn sie eine zugewandte Gestik zeigen. Besonders glaubwürdig wirken sie, wenn sie dazu ein Zahnlächeln zeigen. Kompetenz und Entschlossenheit wird bei weiblichen Spitzenführungskräften am stärksten durch eine Kombination aus einem Schmunzeln und einer zugewandten Gestik vermittelt – Attraktivität und Sympathie durch eine Kombination aus Lachen und einer zugewandten Gestik. Kompetenz und Entschlossenheit werden bei männlichen Spitzenführungskräften ebenfalls durch eine Kombination aus Schmunzeln und einer zugewandten Gestik am stärksten vermittelt. Glaubwürdigkeit wird durch eine Kombination aus Schmunzeln und einer vorgebeugten Gestik am stärksten vermittelt – Attraktivität und Sympathie durch eine Kombination aus Lachen und einer vorgebeugten Gestik.
Diese Literaturrecherche versucht eine Darstellung des Leseprozesses sowie der Leichten Sprache, die Menschen mit Lesestörungen dienen soll.
Es stellt sich heraus, dass künftig ein anderes System erforderlich sein wird, das es gestattet, Leserkategorien und Lernprozesse zu berücksichtigen.
Die Entwicklung einer Alternative auf der Basis einer geregelten Sprache (controlled language) könnte im Unterschied zur Leichten Sprache Dokumenttypen, Leserkategorien, Wort- und Grammatikkenntnisse sowie das beim Leser vorhandene Wissen berücksichtigen.