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Studien zeigen, dass Anhänger der PEGIDA-Bewegung die Medienberichterstattung als unangemessen wahrnehmen und ihr misstrauen. Diese Wahrnehmung und daraus resultierende kognitive, affektive und konative Konsequenzen wurden in einer standardisierten Online-Befragung untersucht (n= 800). Es zeigt sich, dass Anhänger der PEGIDA-Bewegung der Berichterstattung über PEGIDA mehr misstrauen als PEGIDA-Gegner. Diese Wahrnehmung wiederum hat politisch relevante Konsequenzen: Je stärker PEGIDA-Anhänger und neutral Eingestellte der Berichterstattung misstrauen, desto weniger Vertrauen bringen sie den Medien allgemein entgegen, desto unzufriedener sind sie mit der Demokratie in Deutschland und desto wütender sind sie auf die Berichterstattung. Die wütenden Reaktionen korrelieren mit einer Zustimmung zu radikalen Protestformen, was wiederum die Beteiligung an den Protestmärschen erhöht. Somit zeigen die Befunde, dass das Misstrauen in die Berichterstattung über PEGIDA auch über deren Anhängerkreis hinaus eng verbunden ist mit erodierendem Vertrauen in Medien und Politik sowie mit der Bereitschaft zu radikalen Protestformen.
Research question: In order to reduce fan aggression surrounding rivalry games, team sport organizations often try to placate fans by downplaying the importance of the game (e.g. ‘the derby is not a war’). Drawing on the intergroup conflict literature, this research derives dual identity statements and examines their effectiveness in reducing fan aggressiveness compared to the managerial practice of downplaying rivalry.
Research methods: Three field experimental studies (one face-to-face survey and two online surveys) tested the hypotheses. Established rivalries in the German soccer league Bundesliga served as the empirical setting of the studies. The data were analyzed using ANCOVA and linear regression analyses.
Results and findings: Dual identity statements reduce fan aggressiveness compared to both downplay statements and a no-statement control condition, independent of team identification and trait aggression. Importantly, the managerial practice of downplaying rivalry appears to be counterproductive. It produces even higher levels of fan aggressiveness than making no statement, an effect caused by psychological reactance.
Implications: Sport organizations should not alienate their fan base by attempting to play down the importance of rivalry, which is an integral part of fan identity. Instead, they should strengthen the supporters’ unique identity (as fans of a particular team) while at the same time facilitating identification with the rival at a superordinate level (e.g. as joint fans of a region).
Marketing, get ready to rumble — How rivalry promotes distinctiveness for brands and consumers
(2018)
Scholars typically advise brands to stay away from public conflict with competitors as research has focused on negative consequences - e.g., price wars, escalating hostilities, and derogation. This research distinguishes between rivalry between firms (inter-firm brand rivalry) and rivalry between consumers (inter-consumer brand rivalry). Four studies and six samples show both types of rivalry can have positive consequences for both firms and consumers. Inter-firm brand rivalry boosts perceived distinctiveness of competing brands independent of consumption, attitude, familiarity, and involvement. Inter-consumer brand rivalry increases consumer group distinctiveness, an effect mediated by brand identification and rival brand disidentification. We extend social identity theory by demonstrating that: 1) outside actors like firms can promote inter-consumer rivalry through inter-firm rivalry and 2) promoting such conflict can actually provide benefits to consumers as well as firms. The paper challenges the axiom “never knock the competition,” deriving a counter-intuitive way to accomplish one of marketing's premier objectives.
Bibliotheken
(2018)
Gerade für Historiker*innen, die für ihre Arbeit vielfach nicht nur Fachliteratur, sondern auch Quelleneditionen und handschriftliche Materialien benötigen, sind Bibliotheken die zentralen Informationseinrichtungen. Der Beitrag stellt in kompakter Form die wichtigsten digitalen Informationsressourcen und Infrastruktureinrichtungen für die Geschichtswissenschaft vor.
In diesem Beitrag werden Spezifika der Hochschulen und Ausbildungseinrichtungen, die in der KIBA organisiert sind, mit ihren Studiengängen, Weiterbildungsprogrammen, Forschungsschwerpunkten und didaktischen Konzepten vorgestellt. Es wird gezeigt, wie diese Einrichtungen mit ihrer Berufungs- und Einstellungspolitik, strategischen Allianzen und übergeordneten fachlichen und politischen Zusammenschlüssen sowie mit der Profilierung ihrer Studiengänge auf neue Anforderungen des Marktes und der Berufspraxis reagieren. Berücksichtigt werden dabei Positionen und Strategien zur Digitalisierung aus der Politik sowie ihren Beratungsgremien, in der sich die Inhalte bibliotheks- und informationswissenschaftlicher Ausbildung und Forschung verorten lassen. Insgesamt wird deutlich, wie schwierig es heute ist zu definieren, was die Bibliotheks- und die Informationswissenschaft im Kern ausmacht, um im Spannungsfeld der Herausforderungen an wissenschaftliche und öffentliche Bibliotheken, den Anforderungen der Wirtschaft im Bereich Informations- und Wissensmanagement, der Digitalisierung und Langzeitarchivierung von Kulturerbe, um nur einige Felder zu nennen, Ausbildungsprogramme bedarfsgerecht zu profilieren und die bibliotheks- und informationswissenschaftlichen Institute, Fachbereiche und Ausbildungseinrichtungen politisch abzusichern und ausreichend mit Ressourcen auszustatten.
Objective
We aimed to investigate the proportion of young patients not returning to work (NRTW) at 1 year after ischemic stroke (IS) and during follow-up, and clinical factors associated with NRTW.
Methods
Patients from the Helsinki Young Stroke Registry with an IS occurring in the years 1994–2007, who were at paid employment within 1 year before IS, and with NIH Stroke Scale score ≤15 points at hospital discharge, were included. Data on periods of payment came from the Finnish Centre for Pensions, and death data from Statistics Finland. Multivariate logistic regression analyses assessed factors associated with NRTW 1 year after IS, and lasagna plots visualized the proportion of patients returning to work over time.
Results
We included a total of 769 patients, of whom 289 (37.6%) were not working at 1 year, 323 (42.0%) at 2 years, and 361 (46.9%) at 5 years from IS. When adjusted for age, sex, socioeconomic status, and NIH Stroke Scale score at admission, factors associated with NRTW at 1 year after IS were large anterior strokes, strokes caused by large artery atherosclerosis, high-risk sources of cardioembolism, and rare causes other than dissection compared with undetermined cause, moderate to severe aphasia vs no aphasia, mild and moderate to severe limb paresis vs no paresis, and moderate to severe visual field deficit vs no deficit.
Conclusions
NRTW is a frequent adverse outcome after IS in young adults with mild to moderate IS. Clinical variables available during acute hospitalization may allow prediction of NRTW.
Background: Discovery of antibiotics have helped to manage the devastating diseases. Presently, the antibiotic era is threatened by the emergence of high level of antibiotic resistance of important pathogens. Misuse of antibiotics poses a serious risk to infectious disease control. It is necessary to improve public awareness to bring a change in the behavior of consumers. Therefore, present study was undertaken to assess the existing knowledge, attitude and practices related to antibiotic usage among university students.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among students from Mumbai University, India during May-June 2017. 300 students were approached to participate in the study of which 250 agreed to participate (males: 117; females: 133). Pretested questionnaire was distributed and collected data was analyzed using IBM SPSS version 23.
Results: Substantial number (33% and 40%) participants were unaware about the differences in antibiotic-anti-inflammatory drugs and antibiotic-antipyretics respectively. 28% of the participants thought it is right to stop antibiotics only based on symptoms improvement. Sixty eight percent and seventy nine percent participants believed that antibiotics should always be prescribed to treat flu like symptoms and pneumonia respectively.
Conclusions: Participants demonstrated poor knowledge about antibiotics. Similarly, their attitude and practice toward antibiotic use was associated with misconceptions. An educational intervention can be introduced to make them aware about rational antibiotic practices.
Bereits zum dritten Mal in Folge nahm eine zehnköpfige Gruppe Studierender der Hochschule Hannover aus dem Vollzeit- sowie dem berufsbegleitenden Bachelor-Studiengang Informationsmanagement, in Begleitung zweier Dozentinnen, an der BOBCATSSS-Konferenz teil. Nachdem bisher ausschließlich auf der Hochschulwebseite und tagesaktuell im Blog über Erfahrungen und Erlebnisse während der drei BOBCATSSS-Exkursionen berichtet wurde, folgt hiermit nun ein zusammenhängender Beitrag über die diesjährige Konferenz vom 24. bis zum 26. Januar 2018 in Riga, Lettland. Die BOBCATSSS-Konferenz ist eine internationale Konferenz der Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaften. Im Gegensatz zu IFLA & Co wird sie fast ausschließlich von Studierenden wechselnder Universitäten in Europa ausgerichtet.
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) are popular for indexing library records. We studied the possibility of assigning LCSH automatically by training classifiers for terms used frequently in a large collection of abstracts of the literature on hand and by extracting headings from those abstracts. The resulting classifiers reach an acceptable level of precision, but fail in terms of recall partly because we could only train classifiers for a small number of LCSH. Extraction, i.e., the matching of headings in the text, produces better recall but extremely low precision. We found that combining both methods leads to a significant improvement of recall and a slight improvement of F1 score with only a small decrease in precision.
Knowledge and attitude towards voluntary blood donation among students from Mumbai University
(2018)
Background: Blood is scarce; its demand far outweighs the supply. In addition to limited supply, the issue of safety especially with regard to the risk of transfusion transmissible infection is also an issue of utmost concern especially in the developing countries. Blood transfusion services in India have gained special significance in recent years and forms a vital part of national health care system. Voluntary Non-Remunerated Blood Donation (VNRBD) is the safest of all types of blood donations. One of the potential sources that can be tapped for blood donation is the young and physically fit students from educational institutions across India. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among students from Mumbai University, India during May–June 2017. Two hundred and fifty students were approached to participate in the study of which 201 agreed to participate (males: 104; females: 97). Pretested questionnaire was distributed and collected data was analyzed using IBM SPSS version 23. Results: High number of participants agreed about encouraging general public about voluntary blood donation (96%; 193/201), lack of awareness about VBD in general public (82%; 164/201). But not a single participant was able to respond to the knowledge part of the questionnaire with 100% accuracy. Almost all the participants had correct knowledge about blood groups (98%; 196/201) and blood matching need (195/201; 97%). Conclusions: Participants showed good attitude but demonstrated poor knowledge about voluntary blood donation. Details about blood donation should be incorporated in the undergraduate curriculum and periodic awareness programs should be organized for students.
Background: Concerns about practice of self-medication (SM) world across are based on associated risks such as adverse reactions, disease masking, increased morbidity, wastage of resources and antibiotic resistance. SM is likely to differ between rural and urban areas of India. Systematically retrieved evidence on these differences are required in order to design targeted measures for improvement. Methods: We conducted a cross sectional study among the general population in urban (Matunga) and rural (Tala) areas of Maharashtra, India to explore SM practices and its associated factors. Face to face interviews were conducted using the validated study questionnaire. Data was analyzed by using descriptive and analytical statistical methods. Results: A total of 1523 inhabitants from 462 households were interviewed between [June/2015] and [August /2015], 778 (51%) of them in rural and 745 (49%) in urban areas. Overall self-medication prevalence was 29.1% (urban; 51.5%, rural; 7.7%, OR 12.7, CI 9.4-17.2) in the study participants. Participants having chronic disease (OR: 3.15, CI: 2.07-4.79) and from urban areas (OR:15.38, CI:8.49-27.85) were more likely to self-medicate. Self-medication practices were characterized by having old prescription (41.6%) as the main reason, fever (39.4%) as top indication and NSAIDs (Non-Steroidal Anti Inflammatory Agents) as the most self-medicated category of drugs (40.7%). Conclusions: The present study documented that the prevalence of self-medication is associated with place of residence, and health status of the study participants. Self-medication is still a major issue in western Maharashtra, India and is majorly an urban phenomenon. Status of implementation of existing regulations should be reconsidered.
Background: Oral cancer is among the top three types of cancers in India. Severe alcoholism, use of tobacco in the form of cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, and betel nut chewing are the most common risk factors for oral cancer. Often individuals with pre cancer even notice the alterations, such as reduced mouth opening in oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), but they are not aware about the causes and consequences of these changes. Awareness about causes and features of oral cancers can be very helpful in prevention, control and early diagnosis of oral cancer.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among students from Mumbai University, India during May-June 2017. Five hundred students were approached to participate in the study of which 400 agreed to participate. Pretested questionnaire was distributed and collected data was analyzed using IBM SPSS version 23.
Results: There were 199 (49%) males and 201 (50%) females in the study and response rate was (80%). Respondents had good knowledge about oral cancer. Seventy four percent (268/362) respondents correctly identified smoking, and tobacco chewing as possible causes of oral cancer. Almost all (96%; 348/362) respondents correctly responded that oral cancer does not spread from person to person through touch or speaking. Seventy two percent (260/362) respondents believed that oral cancer is curable. Significantly higher number of male (98%) compared to female participants answered correctly to questions regarding spread of disease and occurrence of oral cancer in AIDS patients.
Conclusions: Participants showed good knowledge about oral cancer. Female participants showed lesser knowledge compared to male counterparts. Details about oral cancer should be incorporated in the undergraduate curriculum and periodic awareness programs should be organized for students.
Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) that may cause cervical cancer and other malignancies including those of the vulva, anus, vagina, penis, head and neck. In most Asian countries including India, cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women. Awareness about HPV and cervical cancer, use of vaccines can be very helpful in prevention, control and early diagnosis of cervical cancer. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among students from Mumbai University, India during May - June 2017. Two hundred students were approached to participate in the study of which 142 were selected to participate (males: 54; females: 88). Pretested questionnaire was distributed and collected data was analyzed using IBM SPSS version 23. Results: Participants had fair knowledge (61% average) about HPV, whereas knowledge about symptoms, prevention and spread of HPV was very poor i.e. 18%. Knowledge about HPV vaccine was 50% and 78% participants had positive attitude for HPV vaccine. Conclusions: This study showed the lacunas in the pharmacy curriculum and urgent need to create awareness of HPV among bachelor of pharmacy students from Mumbai University.
Medical devices are health care products distinguished from drugs for regulatory purposes in most countries based on mechanism of action. Unlike drugs, medical devices operate via physical or mechanical means and are not dependent on metabolism to accomplish their primary intended effect. Developing new medical devices requires clinical investigations and approval process goes through similar process like drugs. Medical device approvals in the period of 2010 to 2014 were searched from USFDA website. Disease burden data in the similar period was searched from centers for disease control and prevention website. Collected data was analyzed to know number of approved devices, top therapy areas, and mechanism of action of these devices. Out of a total of 200 medical devices approvals in the time period of 2010 to 2014, maximum number of devices (51; 25.5%) were approved in the year 2011, cardiovascular (78; 39%) was the top therapy area. Highest number (180; 90%) of approved medical devices belonged to the category III and maximum number (73; 36.5%) of approved medical devices had ―mechanical‖ mechanism of action. The top 3 causes of deaths in USA during 2010 to 2014 were heart disease, cancer and followed by respiratory infection. There was a match between the top diseases and the medical device approvals for top 2 diseases in USA i.e. heart disease, and cancer. With respect to respiratory infections and ailments which was the 3rd leading cause of death only one device was approved out of 200 approvals in total.
Background: Epilepsy is a chronic disorder of the brain that affects people worldwide. The overall prevalence (3.0-11.9 / 1,000) and incidence (0.2-0.6/1,000) of epilepsy in India are comparable to the rates of high-income countries. The high prevalence of negative attitudes towards epilepsy has been highlighted by several studies. Pharmacy students represent a better-educated section of society regarding drugs and have the potential to create awareness, and influence attitudes towards the disease. Thus, it is important that they have the appropriate and updated knowledge and appropriate attitude towards epilepsy and antiepileptic drugs. Objective of the present study was to determine the Mumbai University pharmacy student’s awareness about epilepsy, so as to know the kind of education and awareness strategies that would be applicable to them.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among students from Mumbai University, India during May-June 2017. Two hundred and fifty students were approached to participate in the study of which 213 agreed to participate (males: 107; females: 106). Pretested questionnaire was distributed and collected data was analyzed using IBM SPSS version 23.
Results: Response rate for this study was 85.2% (213/250). Ninety six percent (204/213) of the participants had heard or read about epilepsy. Overall knowledge was poor (40.2%) and attitude was fair (75.3%). None of the participants were aware about recent research regarding hereditary nature of epilepsy. Only 2 (0.98%) students were aware how to perform the first aid in epilepsy. Only 6.8% participants felt that epileptics should participate in sports.
Conclusions: The findings of this study show that, even with extensive curriculum covering diseases, drugs and relevant laws of land, the knowledge and attitude scores were low. There is a need to have focused education and campaigns to increase the knowledge and attitude towards epilepsy.
Background: Pharmacovigilance (PV); also known as drug safety surveillance, is the science of enhancing patient care and patient safety regarding the use of medicines by collecting, monitoring, assessing, and evaluating information from healthcare providers and patients. Pharmacists are pivotal players in adverse drug event (ADE) monitoring and reporting. However, most pharmacists are unaware or not knowledgeable about the guidelines used by their respective countries’ drug regulatory bodies. It is the need of the hour to train pharmacy students on the concept of pharmacovigilance.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among pharmacy students from Mumbai University, India during May-June 2017. On the basis of the eligibility criterion 352 students were selected for the present study. Four hundred students were approached to participate in the study of which 201 agreed to participate (males: 179; females: 173). Pretested questionnaire was distributed and collected data was analyzed using IBM SPSS version 23.
Results: Overall pharmacovigilance knowledge (44%) and perception (58%) was low among the participants of the present study. Seventy four percent of the participants felt that adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting should be made compulsory for healthcare professionals. And only 21% agreed that the topic of Pharmacovigilance is well covered in pharmacy curriculum.
Conclusions: Pharmacy council of India, pharmacy teacher’s association and respective pharmacy college should take necessary steps to increase the knowledge and create awareness regarding pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reaction reporting among pharmacy students.
In den letzten Jahren wurden verstärkt neue Forschungsinformationssysteme (FIS) geplant, aufgebaut und in Betrieb genommen. Da diese IT-gestützten Informationssysteme eine Vielzahl an Forschungsinformationen beinhalten sowie verschiedenen Zielen dienen können, bietet eine Sammlungsrichtlinie die Möglichkeit, die Entscheidungen auf inhaltlicher Ebene verbindlich und transparent darzustellen. Derartige Richtlinien existieren zum Beispiel bereits für Sammlungen in Bibliotheken und Museen. Die Bachelorarbeit zieht Parallelen zu diesen Bereichen und beschreibt deren Ziele und Inhalte.
In einem praxisbezogenen Teil wurde die Sammlungsrichtlinie für das Informationssystem Göttingen Research Online (GRO) erstellt. Die Vorgehensweise, Hindernisse und Erfahrungen werden zusammenfassend wiedergegeben. Ergänzt werden die Erkenntnisse durch eine Befragung unter deutschen Hochschulen und Forschungseinrichtungen.
Abschließend ist eine Empfehlung für eine FIS-Sammlungsrichtlinie entstanden, die Hinweise, Bestandteile und Best Practices enthält und somit anderen Institutionen als Leitfaden dienen kann.
This paper deals with new job profiles in libraries, mainly systems librarians (German: Systembibliothekare), IT librarians (German: IT-Bibliothekare) and data librarians (German: Datenbibliothekare). It investigates the vacancies and requirements of these positions in the German-speaking countries by analyzing one hundred and fifty published job advertisements of OpenBiblioJobs between 2012-2016. In addition, the distribution of positions, institutional bearers, different job titles as well as time limits, scope of work and remuneration of the positions are evaluated. The analysis of the remuneration in the public sector in Germany also provides information on demands for a bachelor's or master's degree.
The average annual increase in job vacancies between 2012 and 2016 is 14.19%, confirming the need and necessity of these professional library profiles.
The higher remuneration of the positions in data management, in comparison to the systems librarian, proves the prerequisite of the master's degree and thus indicates a desideratum due to missing or few master's degree courses. Accordingly, the range of bachelor's degree courses (or IT-oriented major areas of study with optional compulsory modules in existing bachelor's degree courses) for systems and IT librarians must be further expanded. An alternative could also be modular education programs for librarians and information scientists with professional experience, as it is already the case for music librarians.
Background: Depletion of ovarian hormone in postmenopausal women has been associated with changes in the locomotor apparatus that may compromise walking function including muscle atrophy/weakness, weight gain, and bone demineralization. Therefore, handgrip strength (HGS), bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition [percentage body fat mass (%BFM), fat mass (FM), Fat-free mass (FFM) and body mass index (BMI)], may significantly vary and predict WB in postmenopausal women. Consequently, the study sought to 1. Explore body composition, BMD and muscle strength differences between premenopausal and postmenopausal women and 2. Explore how these variables [I.e., body composition, BMD and muscle strength] relate to WB in postmenopausal women.
Method: Fifty-one pre-menopausal (35.74 + 1.52) and 50 postmenopausal (53.32 + 2.28) women were selected by convenience sampling and studied. Six explanatory variables (HGS, BMD, %BFM, FFM, BMI and FM) were explored to predict WB in postmenopausal women: Data collected were analyzed using multiple linear regression, ANCOVA, independent t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient at p < 0.05.
Result: Postmenopausal women had higher BMI(t = + 1.72; p = 0.04), %BFM(t = + 2.77; p = .003), FM(t = + 1.77; p = 0.04) and lower HGS(t = − 3.05; p = 0.001),compared to the premenopausal women. The predicted main effect of age on HGS was not significant, F(1, 197) = 0.03, p = 0.06, likewise the interaction between age and %BFM, F(1, 197) = 0.02, p = 0.89; unlike the predicted main effect of %BFM, F(1, 197) = 10.34, p = .002, on HGS. HGS was the highest predictor of WB (t = 2.203; β=0.3046) in postmenopausal women and combined with T-score right big toe (Tscorert) to produce R2 = 0.11;F (2, 47)=4.11;p = 0.02 as the best fit for the predictive model. The variance (R2) change was significant from HGS model (R2 = 0.09;p = 0.03) to HGS + Tscorert model (R2 = 0.11;p = 0.02). The regression model equation was therefore given as: WB =5.4805 + 0.1578(HGS) + (− 1.3532) Tscorert.
Conclusion: There are differences in body composition suggesting re-compartmentalization of the body, which may adversely impact the (HGS) muscle strength in postmenopausal women. Muscle strength and BMD areassociated with WB, although, only contribute to a marginal amount of the variance for WB. Therefore, other factors in addition to musculoskeletal health are necessary to mitigate fall risk in postmenopausal women.
Die vorliegende Bachelorarbeit untersucht mittels Stellenanzeigenanalyse von Bibliothekaren mit IT-Schwerpunkt (System- und IT-Bibliothekare, Bibliotheksinformatiker, Data Librarians etc.) sowie anhand eines Vergleichs der Curricula informationswissenschaftlicher Studiengänge, inwieweit den informationstechnischen Anforderungen der modernen Arbeitswelt in der Hochschulausbildung hinreichend Rechnung getragen wird.
Zu diesem Zweck liegen 179 IT-bibliothekarische Stellen der Jahre 2012-2017 von OpenBiblioJobs vor, die u. a. hinsichtlich Bedarf, Aufgaben, Kompetenzanforderungen sowie weiteren Inhalten zum Beschäftigungsverhältnis ausgewertet sind. Die analysierten IT-Kompetenzen sind den Modulinhalten von 14 Bachelor- und 9 Masterstudiengängen gegenübergestellt. Das durchschnittliche Jahreswachstum der IT-lastigen Stellenangebote im Untersuchungszeitraum liegt bei 38,25 % und bestätigt damit den Bedarf an Absolventen bibliothekarischer IT-Profile.
Systemorientierte Stellen benötigen u. a. vertiefte Kompetenzen mit bibliothekarischen Informationssystemen, den dort vorkommenden Daten(-banken) und Kenntnisse in der Programmierung, um die Konzeption, Administration und den Support dieser Systeme zu gewährleisten. Diese IT-Kompetenzen werden passend zum vorausgesetzten Abschluss (Bachelor) und der Vergütung (E9-12) in vielen Bachelorstudiengängen in grundlegender Form vermittelt, oft jedoch nur als Wahlpflichtmodule.
Datenorientierte Stellen setzen überwiegend den Master voraus und sind dementsprechend ab E13 eingruppiert. Neben Kompetenzen im gesamten Bereich des Datenmanagements (samt Meta- und Forschungsdaten), Fähigkeiten in der Analyse von Daten und deren Visualisierung sowie in Big und Linked Data, sind insbesondere umfassende Kenntnisse im Wissenschaftsbetrieb gefordert.
Im Gegensatz zu systemorientierten Stellen, für die passende Studiengänge mit vertieften IT-Inhalten existieren, fehlt bislang ein Masterstudiengang für das Datenmanagement, der die nötigen Kompetenzen konzertiert beinhaltet – nur einzelne Bereiche werden bislang abgedeckt. Die Arbeit richtet sich an Interessierte im Informationsbereich, Koordinatoren bibliothekarischer Studiengänge sowie Bibliotheksverbände.
Scientific papers from all disciplines contain many abbreviations and acronyms. In many cases these acronyms are ambiguous. We present a method to choose the contextual correct definition of an acronym that does not require training for each acronym and thus can be applied to a large number of different acronyms with only few instances. We constructed a set of 19,954 examples of 4,365 ambiguous acronyms from image captions in scientific papers along with their contextually correct definition from different domains. We learn word embeddings for all words in the corpus and compare the averaged context vector of the words in the expansion of an acronym with the weighted average vector of the words in the context of the acronym. We show that this method clearly outperforms (classical) cosine similarity. Furthermore, we show that word embeddings learned from a 1 billion word corpus of scientific exts outperform word embeddings learned from much larger general corpora.
This paper summarizes the results of a comprehensive statistical analysis on a corpus of open access articles and contained figures. It gives an insight into quantitative relationships between illustrations or types of illustrations, caption lengths, subjects, publishers, author affiliations, article citations and others.
Die vorliegende Ausarbeitung befasst sich mit der Digitalisierung und der Öffnung des Kulturerbes. Anhand einer theoretischen und qualitativen Untersuchung mit Experteninterviews soll verdeutlicht werden, warum einige Kulturerbeinstitutionen wenig motiviert sind, ihre Sammlungen und Artefakte digital zu öffnen. Mit Hilfe von sieben Experteninterviews aus unterschiedlichen kulturellen Digitalisierungsbereichen soll erforscht werden, wo die Kulturerbedigitalisierung aktuell steht und welche Chancen und Risiken Digitalisierungsmaßnahmen fördern oder hemmen. Weiter werden die Ergebnisse geprüft, um daraus mobilisierende Maßnahmen zu erkennen.
The reuse of scientific raw data is a key demand of Open Science. In the project NOA we foster reuse of scientific images by collecting and uploading them to Wikimedia Commons. In this paper we present a text-based annotation method that proposes Wikipedia categories for open access images. The assigned categories can be used for image retrieval or to upload images to Wikimedia Commons. The annotation basically consists of two phases: extracting salient keywords and mapping these keywords to categories. The results are evaluated on a small record of open access images that were manually annotated.
Im Social Web wird der Gatekeeper zum Gatewatcher. Unternehmen können medial eigene Inhalte an die relevanten Bezugsgruppen vermitteln, ohne auf einen Gatekeeper angewiesen zu sein. Die Relevanz der Inhalte wird allerdings durch das Publikum bestimmt. Die Nachrichtenwerttheorie, die ursprünglich auf die Selektion von Journalisten von Nachrichten geprägt war, muss uminterpretiert werden, um aktuell zu bleiben. Welche Nachrichtenfaktoren bestimmen also die Interaktion des Publikums und sorgen für wahre Relevanz in den Sozialen Medien?
Dass Menschen bereit sind, ein Leben lang zu lernen, ist bereits in der heutigen Informations- und Wissensgesellschaft eine wichtige Voraussetzung, um in der Arbeitswelt zu bestehen, innovativ zu sein und sich weiterzuentwickeln. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht, inwieweit die Montessori-Pädagogik bereits Kinder und Jugendliche auf die Herausforderungen der Zukunft vorbereiten kann und ob sie den Anforderungen, die das Lebenslange Lernen stellt, gerecht wird. Zunächst werden das Phänomen des Lebenslangen Lernens, das Lernen in verschiedenen Lebensphasen und Lernsituationen sowie die Gründe und Ziele von Lebenslangem Lernen vorgestellt. Anschließend werden als Einflussfaktoren für das Gelingen Lebenslangen Lernens, und zwar die Lernmotivation, die Lernumgebung, die Lernerfahrung, das selbstgesteuerte Lernen sowie Kompetenzen skizziert. Weiter folgen ein Überblick über die Montessori-Pädagogik, deren Erziehungsziele, Grundlagen sowie Methoden. Den Abschluss der Arbeit bildet ein Vergleich der Konzepte und Prinzipien der Montessori-Pädagogik mit den Methoden, die für das Lernen am Arbeitsplatz eingesetzt werden und damit dem Lebenslangen Lernen dienen.
Open Science beschreibt die Öffnung des gesamten wissenschaftlichen Forschungs- und Erkenntnisprozesses, in dem Daten, Methoden und Ergebnisse geteilt werden. Dadurch ergeben sich neue Möglichkeiten und Formen der Wissensteilung und der Zusammenarbeit sowohl innerhalb als auch außerhalb der Wissenschaft. Für die Umsetzung in die Praxis ist es notwendig, dass ein grundlegendes Verständnis und Bewusstsein für den Nutzen und die Vorteile von Open Science sowie für praktische Anwendungsmöglichkeiten verbreitet werden. Diese Masterarbeit beschäftigt sich damit, wie Open Science mit E-Learning vermittelt werden kann. Dafür werden aufbauend auf einer Analyse von Trainings- und Lernangeboten Empfehlungen in zielgruppenspezifischen Umsetzungsmodellen entwickelt, die verschiedene Lerninhalte und E-Learning Formate berücksichtigen und Ansätze zur Nachnutzung bieten.
NOA is a search engine for scientific images from open access publications based on full text indexing of all text referring to the images and filtering for disciplines and image type. Images will be annotated with Wikipedia categories for better discoverability and for uploading to WikiCommons. Currently we have indexed approximately 2,7 Million images from over 710 000 scientific papers from all fields of science.
Informationskompetenz ist eine Schlüsselkompetenz für gesellschaftliche Teilhabe. Unter dem Eindruck des „Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education“ der ACRL verändert sich das Verständnis von Informationskompetenz. Die Angebote zur Förderung von Informationskompetenz von Universitäts- und Hochschulbibliotheken müssen besser in die Lehre in den Disziplinen integriert werden. E-Learning-Formate eigenen sich hierfür besonders gut. Für die gelungene Gestaltung von E-Learning-Angeboten sind Kenntnisse über Lerntheorien und Mediendidaktik notwendig. Auf eine breite theoretische Betrachtung folgt der Entwurf mediendidaktischer Konzepte für ein E-Learning-Angebot zur Förderung von Informationskompetenz an der Universitätsbibliothek der Freien Universität Berlin.
In der vorliegenden Masterarbeit geht es um die automatische Annotation von Bildern mithilfe der Kategoriesystematik der Wikipedia. Die Annotation soll anhand der Bildbeschriftungen und ihren Textreferenzen erfolgen. Hierbei wird für vorhandene Bilder eine passende Kategorie vorgeschlagen. Es handelt sich bei den Bildern um Abbildungen aus naturwissenschaftlichen Artikeln, die in Open Access Journals veröffentlicht wurden. Ziel der Arbeit ist es, ein konzeptionelles Verfahren zu erarbeiten, dieses anhand einer ausgewählten Anzahl von Bildern durchzuführen und zu evaluieren. Die Abbildungen sollen für weitere Forschungsarbeiten und für die Projekte der Wikimedia Foundation zur Verfügung stehen. Das Annotationsverfahren findet im Projekt NOA - Nachnutzung von Open Access Abbildungen Verwendung.
In dieser Bachelorarbeit wird die Konzeption, Entwicklung und Evaluierung einer Web-Oberfläche der wissenschaftlichen Bildersuchmaschine NOA durchgeführt. Ziel ist es, eine hohe Benutzerfreundlichkeit zu erreichen. NOA ist ein von der DFG gefördertes Projekt mit dem Ziel, Bilder aus Open-Access-Veröffentlichungen nutzbar zu machen. Der theoretische Teil behandelt die Grundlagen der Web-Usability, weiterhin werden Methoden der Evaluation dargestellt. Der praktische Teil der vorliegenden Arbeit beinhaltet die Konzeption und deren Umsetzung mittels aktueller Auszeichnungs- und Skriptsprachen. Auf die Präsentation der entwickelten Web-Oberfläche folgt die Evaluation der Usability mittels der heuristischen Evaluation und dem Usability-Testing, welches von der Thinking-Aloud-Methode begleitet wird. Daraufhin werden Empfehlungen zur Verbesserung der Benutzerfreundlichkeit benannt. Die Arbeit bildet einen vollständigen Prozess zur Erstellung einer Website ab. So gibt sie Interessierten des Berufsfeldes Konzeption bzw. der Front-End-Entwicklung einen Einblick in übliche Tätigkeiten.