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Institute
- Fakultät IV - Wirtschaft und Informatik (54) (remove)
This article discusses event monitoring options for heterogeneous event sources as they are given in nowadays heterogeneous distributed information systems. It follows the central assumption, that a fully generic event monitoring solution cannot provide complete support for event monitoring; instead, event source specific semantics such as certain event types or support for certain event monitoring techniques have to be taken into account. Following from this, the core result of the work presented here is the extension of a configurable event monitoring (Web) service for a variety of event sources. A service approach allows us to trade genericity for the exploitation of source specific characteristics. It thus delivers results for the areas of SOA, Web services, CEP and EDA.
In service-oriented architectures the management of services is a crucial task during all stages of IT operations. Based on a case study performed for a group of finance companies the different aspects of service management are presented. First, the paper discusses how services must be described for management purposes. In particular, a special emphasis is placed on the integration of legacy/non web services. Secondly, the service lifecycle that underlies service management is presented. Especially, the relation to SOA governance and an appropriate tool support by registry repositories is outlined.
End users urgently request using mobile devices at their workplace. They know these devices from their private life and appreciate functionality and usability, and want to benefit from these advantages at work as well. Limitations and restrictions would not be accepted by them. On the contrary, companies are obliged to employ substantial organizational and technical measures to ensure data security and compliance when allowing to use mobile devices at the workplace. So far, only individual arrangements have been presented addressing single issues in ensuring data security and compliance. However, companies need to follow a comprehensive set of measures addressing all relevant aspects of data security and compliance in order to play it safe. Thus, in this paper at first technical architectures for using mobile devices in enterprise IT are reviewed. Thereafter a set of compliance rules is presented and, as major contribution, technical measures are explained that enable a company to integrate mobile devices into enterprise IT while still complying with these rules comprehensively. Depending on the company context, one or more of the technical architectures have to be chosen impacting the specific technical measures for compliance as elaborated in this paper. Altogether this paper, for the first time, correlates technical architectures for using mobile devices at the workplace with technical measures to assure data security and compliance according to a comprehensive set of rules.
Sowohl die liquiditäts- als auch die erfolgsorientierte Betrachtungsweise von Zahlungsströmen soll mit dem Begriff der optimalen Liquidität zum Ausdruck kommen. Der Liquiditätsplan stellt ein geeignetes Instrument dar, um fundierte Entscheidungen zu ermöglichen. Neben Ausführungen zu den allgemeinen Grundlagen bietet die Abhandlung von Dr. K. Kairies praxisorientierte Überlegungen für die Einführung und Pflege eines Liquiditätsplanes im Unternehmen.
BACKGROUND:
Despite their increasing popularity, little is known about how users perceive mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet PCs in medical contexts. Available studies are often restricted to evaluating the success of specific interventions and do not adequately cover the users' basic attitudes, for example, their expectations or concerns toward using mobile devices in medical settings.
OBJECTIVE:
The objective of the study was to obtain a comprehensive picture, both from the perspective of the patients, as well as the doctors, regarding the use and acceptance of mobile devices within medical contexts in general well as the perceived challenges when introducing the technology.
METHODS:
Doctors working at Hannover Medical School (206/1151, response 17.90%), as well as patients being admitted to this facility (213/279, utilization 76.3%) were surveyed about their acceptance and use of mobile devices in medical settings. Regarding demographics, both samples were representative of the respective study population. GNU R (version 3.1.1) was used for statistical testing. Fisher's exact test, two-sided, alpha=.05 with Monte Carlo approximation, 2000 replicates, was applied to determine dependencies between two variables.
RESULTS:
The majority of participants already own mobile devices (doctors, 168/206, 81.6%; patients, 110/213, 51.6%). For doctors, use in a professional context does not depend on age (P=.66), professional experience (P=.80), or function (P=.34); gender was a factor (P=.009), and use was more common among male (61/135, 45.2%) than female doctors (17/67, 25%). A correlation between use of mobile devices and age (P=.001) as well as education (P=.002) was seen for patients. Minor differences regarding how mobile devices are perceived in sensitive medical contexts mostly relate to data security, patients are more critical of the devices being used for storing and processing patient data; every fifth patient opposed this, but nevertheless, 4.8% of doctors (10/206) use their devices for this purpose. Both groups voiced only minor concerns about the credibility of the provided content or the technical reliability of the devices. While 8.3% of the doctors (17/206) avoided use during patient contact because they thought patients might be unfamiliar with the devices, (25/213) 11.7% of patients expressed concerns about the technology being too complicated to be used in a health context.
CONCLUSIONS:
Differences in how patients and doctors perceive the use of mobile devices can be attributed to age and level of education; these factors are often mentioned as contributors of the problems with (mobile) technologies. To fully realize the potential of mobile technologies in a health care context, the needs of both the elderly as well as those who are educationally disadvantaged need to be carefully addressed in all strategies relating to mobile technology in a health context.
In this paper we describe methods to approximate functions and differential operators on adaptive sparse (dyadic) grids. We distinguish between several representations of a function on the sparse grid and we describe how finite difference (FD) operators can be applied to these representations. For general variable coefficient equations on sparse grids, genuine finite element (FE) discretizations are not feasible and FD operators allow an easier operator evaluation than the adapted FE operators. However, the structure of the FD operators is complex. With the aim to construct an efficient multigrid procedure, we analyze the structure of the discrete Laplacian in its hierarchical representation and show the relation between the full and the sparse grid case. The rather complex relations, that are expressed by scaling matrices for each separate coordinate direction, make us doubt about the possibility of constructing efficient preconditioners that show spectral equivalence. Hence, we question the possibility of constructing a natural multigrid algorithm with optimal O(N) efficiency. We conjecture that for the efficient solution of a general class of adaptive grid problems it is better to accept an additional condition for the dyadic grids (condition L) and to apply adaptive hp-discretization.
The transfer of historically grown monolithic software architectures into modern service-oriented architectures creates a lot of loose coupling points. This can lead to an unforeseen system behavior and can significantly impede those continuous modernization processes, since it is not clear where bottlenecks in a system arise. It is therefore necessary to monitor such modernization processes with an adaptive monitoring concept to be able to correctly record and interpret unpredictable system dynamics. This contribution presents a generic QoS measurement framework for service-based systems. The framework consists of an XML-based specification for the measurement to be performed – the Information Model (IM) – and the QoS System, which provides an execution platform for the IM. The framework will be applied to a standard business process of the German insurance industry, and the concepts of the IM and their mapping to artifacts of the QoS System will be presented. Furtherm ore, design and implementation of the QoS System’s parser and generator module and the generated artifacts are explained in detail, e.g., event model, agents, measurement module and analyzer module.
Nowadays, most recommender systems are based on a centralized architecture, which can cause crucial issues in terms of trust, privacy, dependability, and costs. In this paper, we propose a decentralized and distributed MANET-based (Mobile Ad-hoc NETwork) recommender system for open facilities. The system is based on mobile devices that collect sensor data about users locations to derive implicit ratings that are used for collaborative filtering recommendations. The mechanisms of deriving ratings and propagating them in a MANET network are discussed in detail. Finally, extensive experiments demonstrate the suitability of the approach in terms of different performance metrics.
Decision support systems for traffic management systems have to cope with a high volume of events continuously generated by sensors. Conventional software architectures do not explicitly target the efficient processing of continuous event streams. Recently, event-driven architectures (EDA) have been proposed as a new paradigm for event-based applications. In this paper we propose a reference architecture for event-driven traffic management systems, which enables the analysis and processing of complex event streams in real-time and is therefore well-suited for decision support in sensor-based traffic control sys- tems. We will illustrate our approach in the domain of road traffic management. In particular, we will report on the redesign of an intelligent transportation management system (ITMS) prototype for the high-capacity road network in Bilbao, Spain.
Nowadays, problems related with solid waste management become a challenge for most countries due to the rising generation of waste, related environmental issues, and associated costs of produced wastes. Effective waste management systems at different geographic levels require accurate forecasting of future waste generation. In this work, we investigate how open-access data, such as provided from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), can be used for the analysis of waste data. The main idea of this study is finding the links between socioeconomic and demographic variables that determine the amounts of types of solid wastes produced by countries. This would make it possible to accurately predict at the country level the waste production and determine the requirements for the development of effective waste management strategies. In particular, we use several machine learning data regression (Support Vector, Gradient Boosting, and Random Forest) and clustering models (k-means) to respectively predict waste production for OECD countries along years and also to perform clustering among these countries according to similar characteristics. The main contributions of our work are: (1) waste analysis at the OECD country-level to compare and cluster countries according to similar waste features predicted; (2) the detection of most relevant features for prediction models; and (3) the comparison between several regression models with respect to accuracy in predictions. Coefficient of determination (R2), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), respectively, are used as indices of the efficiency of the developed models. Our experiments have shown that some data pre-processings on the OECD data are an essential stage required in the analysis; that Random Forest Regressor (RFR) produced the best prediction results over the dataset; and that these results are highly influenced by the quality of available socio-economic data. In particular, the RFR model exhibited the highest accuracy in predictions for most waste types. For example, for “municipal” waste, it produced, respectively, R2 = 1 and MAPE = 4.31 global error values for the test set; and for “household” waste, it, respectively, produced R2 = 1 and MAPE = 3.03. Our results indicate that the considered models (and specially RFR) all are effective in predicting the amount of produced wastes derived from input data for the considered countries.
The objective of this student project was for the students to develop, conduct, and supervise a training course for basic work place applications (word processing and business graphics). Students were responsible for the planning, organizing and the teaching of the course. As participants, underprivileged adolescents took part in order to learn the handling of IT applications and therefore, improve their job skills and have a better chance to get into employment. Therefore the adolescents do the role of trainees at the course. Our students worked with a population that is continually overlooked by the field.
As a result, the students trained to design and implement training courses, exercised to manage projects and increased their social responsibility and awareness concerning the way of life and living conditions of other young people. The underprivileged adolescents learned to use important business applications and increased their job skills and job chances. The overall design of our concept required extensive resources to supervise and to steer the students and the adolescents. The lecturers had to teach and to counsel the students and had to be on “stand-by” just in case they were needed to solve critical situations between the two groups of young people.
Untersuchungen zu Berufen der Wirtschaftsinformatik bleiben weiterhin
interessant, wenn sie helfen können, dem mittlerweile länger anhaltenden
IT-Fachkräftemangel entgegenzuwirken. Eine Untersuchung der Hochschule
Hannover zu Wirtschaftsinformatikern/-informatikerinnen in den ersten zehn Jahren im Beruf zeigt deren berufliche Ziele und die berufliche Zufriedenheit, die sie erlangen. Deutlich wird, dass Frauen und Männer das Arbeitsklima und die Arbeitsbedingungen sehr unterschiedlich wahrnehmen und daher auch unterschiedlich zufrieden sind. Dabei bemängeln Frauen vor allem Merkmale, die mit „fehlender Fairness“ zu beschreiben sind.
Vor der Abgabe einer Studien- oder Abschlussarbeit ist dringend eine sorgfältige Überarbeitung in Form einer Endredaktion vorzunehmen, um eine gute Bewertung der Arbeit nicht zu gefährden. Dies ist einfach; denn das Vorgehen ist schlicht und wenig aufwändig. Daher wäre es besonders ärgerlich, einfache Fehler nicht zu beheben und dafür Abzüge bei der Bewertung der Arbeit hinzunehmen. Für eine Endredaktion wird hiermit eine Anleitung vorgelegt.
With the increasing significance of information technology, there is an urgent need for adequate measures of information security. Systematic information security management is one of most important initiatives for IT management. At least since reports about privacy and security breaches, fraudulent accounting practices, and attacks on IT systems appeared in public, organizations have recognized their responsibilities to safeguard physical and information assets. Security standards can be used as guideline or framework to develop and maintain an adequate information security management system (ISMS). The standards ISO/IEC 27000, 27001 and 27002 are international standards that are receiving growing recognition and adoption. They are referred to as “common language of organizations around the world” for information security. With ISO/IEC 27001 companies can have their ISMS certified by a third-party organization and thus show their customers evidence of their security measures.
Systematizing IT Risks
(2019)
IT risks — risks associated with the operation or use of information technology — have taken on great importance in business, and IT risk management is accordingly important in the science and practice of information management. Therefore, it is necessary to systematize IT risks in order to plan, manage and control for different risk-specific measures. In order to choose and implement suitable measures for managing IT risks, effect-based and causebased procedures are necessary. These procedures are explained in detail for IT security risks because of their special importance.
Metagenomic studies use high-throughput sequence data to investigate microbial communities in situ. However, considerable challenges remain in the analysis of these data, particularly with regard to speed and reliable analysis of microbial species as opposed to higher level taxa such as phyla. We here present Genometa, a computationally undemanding graphical user interface program that enables identification of bacterial species and gene content from datasets generated by inexpensive high-throughput short read sequencing technologies. Our approach was first verified on two simulated metagenomic short read datasets, detecting 100% and 94% of the bacterial species included with few false positives or false negatives. Subsequent comparative benchmarking analysis against three popular metagenomic algorithms on an Illumina human gut dataset revealed Genometa to attribute the most reads to bacteria at species level (i.e. including all strains of that species) and demonstrate similar or better accuracy than the other programs. Lastly, speed was demonstrated to be many times that of BLAST due to the use of modern short read aligners. Our method is highly accurate if bacteria in the sample are represented by genomes in the reference sequence but cannot find species absent from the reference. This method is one of the most user-friendly and resource efficient approaches and is thus feasible for rapidly analysing millions of short reads on a personal computer.
There are many aspects of code quality, some of which are difficult to capture or to measure. Despite the importance of software quality, there is a lack of commonly accepted measures or indicators for code quality that can be linked to quality attributes. We investigate software developers’ perceptions of source code quality and the practices they recommend to achieve these qualities. We analyze data from semi-structured interviews with 34 professional software developers, programming teachers and students from Europe and the U.S. For the interviews, participants were asked to bring code examples to exemplify what they consider good and bad code, respectively. Readability and structure were used most commonly as defining properties for quality code. Together with documentation, they were also suggested as the most common target properties for quality improvement. When discussing actual code, developers focused on structure, comprehensibility and readability as quality properties. When analyzing relationships between properties, the most commonly talked about target property was comprehensibility. Documentation, structure and readability were named most frequently as source properties to achieve good comprehensibility. Some of the most important source code properties contributing to code quality as perceived by developers lack clear definitions and are difficult to capture. More research is therefore necessary to measure the structure, comprehensibility and readability of code in ways that matter for developers and to relate these measures of code structure, comprehensibility and readability to common software quality attributes.
Dieser hier um die Einleitung ergänzte Text ist zuerst in leicht gekürzter Fassung im Ifo-Schnelldienst 17/2010 in München erschienen; ebenso unter: http://www.brainlogs.de/Geschlechtsverwirrung und unter http://www.streitbar.eu sowie unter http://www.odww.de/Hochschulpolitik. Der Autor geht der Frage nach, ob Frauenquoten ein legitimes Instrument zur Durchsetzung der Gleichberechtigung sind.