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A descriptive cross-sectional study of cholera at Kakuma and Kalobeyei refugee camps, Kenya in 2018
(2020)
Introduction: cholera is a significant public health concern among displaced populations. Oral cholera vaccines are safe and can effectively be used as an adjunct to prevent cholera in settings with limited access to water and sanitation. Results from this study can inform future consideration for cholera vaccination at Kakuma and Kalobeyei.
Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional study of cholera cases at Kakuma refugee camp and Kalobeyei integrated settlement was carried out between May 2017 to May 2018 (one year). Data were extracted from the medical records and line lists at the cholera treatment centres.
Results: the results found 125 clinically suspected and confirmed cholera cases and one related death (CFR 0.8%). The cumulative incidence of all cases was 0.67 (95% CI=0.56-0.80) cases/1000 persons. Incidence of cholera was higher in children under the age of five 0.94(95% CI=0.63-1.36) cases/1000 persons. Children aged <5 years showed 51% increased risk of cholera compared to those aged ≥5 years (RR=1.51; 95% CI=1.00-2.31, p=0.051). Individuals from the Democratic Republic of Congo had nearly 9-fold risk of reporting cholera (RR=8.62; 95% CI=2.55-37.11, p<0.001) while individuals from South Sudan reported 7 times risk of cholera case compared to those from Somalia (RR=7.39; 95% CI=2.78-27.73, p<0.001).
Conclusion: in addition to the improvement of water, sanitation and hygiene (WaSH), vaccination could be implemented as a short-medium term measure of preventing cholera outbreaks. Age, country of origin and settlement independently predicted the risk of cholera.
Background:
Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare genetic disease and characterized by clinical features such as paroxysmal, recurrent angioedema of the skin, the gastrointestinal tract, and the upper airways. Swelling of the skin occurs primarily in the face, extremities and genitals. Gastrointestinal attacks are accompanied by painful abdominal cramps, vomiting and diarrhea. Due to the low prevalence and the fact that HAE patients often present with rather unspecific symptoms such as abdominal cramps, the final diagnosis is often made after a long delay. The aim of this German-wide survey was to characterize the period between occurrence of first symptoms and final diagnosis regarding self-perceived health, symptom burden and false diagnoses for patients with HAE.
Results:
Overall, 81 patients with HAE were included and participated in the telephone-based survey. Of those, the majority reported their current health status as “good” (47.5%) or “very good” (13.8%), which was observed to be a clear improvement compared to the year before final diagnosis (“good” (16.3%), “very good” (11.3%)). Edema in the extremities (85.2%) and in the gastrointestinal tract (81.5%) were the most currently reported symptoms and occurred earlier than other reported symptoms (mean age at onset 18.1 and 17.8 years, respectively). Misdiagnoses were observed in 50.6% of participating HAE patients with appendicitis and allergy being the most frequently reported misdiagnoses (40.0 and 30.0% of those with misdiagnosis, respectively). Patients with misdiagnosis often received mistreatment (80.0%) with pharmaceuticals and surgical interventions as the most frequently carried out mistreatments (65.6 and 56.3% of those with mistreatment, respectively). The mean observed diagnostic delay was 18.1 years (median 15.0 years). The diagnostic delay was higher in older patients and index patients.
Conclusions:
This study showed that self-perceived status of health for patients is much better once the final correct diagnosis has been made and specific treatment was available. Further challenge in the future will still be to increase awareness for HAE especially in settings which are normally approached by patients at occurrence of first symptoms to assure early referral to specialists and therefore increase the likelihood of receiving an early diagnosis.
A study to assess the knowledge and attitude towards HIV of pharmacy students from Mumbai university
(2020)
Background: India is the biggest HIV epidemic in the world. The role of a pharmacist is pivotal in educating the general masses. The aim of the study was to determine the knowledge and attitude of pharmacy students from University of Mumbai.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in University of Mumbai during February-March 2020. Therein, 307 students (214: females and 94: males) participated in the study. The questionnaire was distributed in the classroom and data was collected by means of Google-forms. Furthermore, the data was analysed using IBM SPSS version 23.
Results: The participants demonstrated good knowledge (84%) and attitude (76%) score. With respect to knowledge score, no significant difference was observed except for responses of two questions, aim of the antiretroviral therapy (ART) and Avoidance of sexual intercourse can decrease the risk of HIV. With respect to attitude score, Volunteering to work at an institute for the welfare of HIV patients showed a significant difference.
Conclusion: The current study showed that there were no misconceptions or negative attitude regarding HIV among the students. However, a study with greater sample size must be conducted across India for further investigation.
Background: We sought to develop and test an objective scorecard-based system for assessing and categorizing available research sites in Lassa fever-affected countries based on their preparedness and capability to host Lassa fever vaccine clinical trials.
Methods: We mapped available clinical research sites through interrogation of online clinical trial registries and relevant disease-based consortia. A structured online questionnaire was used to assess the capability of clinical trial sites to conduct Lassa fever vaccine clinical trials. We developed a new scoring template by allocating scores to questionnaire parameters based on perceived importance to the conduct of clinical trials as described in the WHO/TDR Global Competency Framework for Clinical Research. Cutoff points of 75% and 50% were used to categorize sites into categories A, B, or C.
Results: This study identified 44 clinical trial sites in 8 Lassa fever-affected countries. Out of these, 35 sites were characterized based on their capacity to hold Lassa fever vaccine clinical trials. A total of 14 sites in 4 countries were identified as ready to host Lassa fever vaccine trials immediately or with little support.
Conclusion: It is feasible to hold Lassa fever vaccine trials in affected countries based on the outcome of the survey. However, the findings are to be validated through sites' visits. This experience with a standardized and objective method of the site assessment is encouraging, and the site selection method used can serve as an orientation to sponsors and researchers planning clinical trials in the region.
Die Nutzung von Messenger-Diensten hat die Nutzung von sozialen Medien übertroffen. Diese Mediennutzung bringt veränderte Erwartungen an Unternehmen mit sich. Unternehmen begegnen den Erwartungen ihrer Kund*innen in der Online-Kundenkommunikation mit dem Einsatz textbasierter Dialogsysteme. Im Facebook-Messenger wurden 2018 bereits über 300.000 Chatbots angeboten. Das Problem ist, dass Studien seit mehreren Jahren aufzeigen, dass diese Kommunikationstechnologie sich bei den Kund*innen noch nicht durchgesetzt hat und häufig noch skeptisch betrachtet wird. Für Unternehmen ist es daher notwendig zu verstehen, welche Kriterien erfüllt sein müssen, um die Akzeptanzbildung der Kund*innen gegenüber textbasierten Dialogsystemen positiv zu beeinflussen.
Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es zu betrachten, inwiefern die Eigenschaften textbasierter Dialogsysteme die Akzeptanzkriterien der Kund*innen erfüllen können. Dazu wird die folgende Forschungsfrage gestellt: Wie akzeptieren Kunden den Einsatz textbasierter Dialogsysteme in der Online-Kundenkommunikation von Unternehmen?
Um die Forschungsfrage zu beantworten, wird eine Literaturanalyse durchgeführt. Die Literatur wird mit Studienergebnissen verglichen, um Übereinstimmungen und Abweichungen herauszuarbeiten.
Eine Akzeptanzanalyse hat ergeben, dass Kund*innen textbasierte Dialogsysteme vor allem akzeptieren, wenn sie darin einen Nutzen erkennen. Jedoch beeinflussen neben nutzenorientierten Faktoren auch emotionale Faktoren die Akzeptanz.
Auf dieser Grundlage ist es empfehlenswert, positive und negative Einflussfaktoren des Akzeptanzprozesses zu identifizieren und die Gestaltung textbasierter Dialogsysteme an die Kund*innen anzupassen, bevor diese eingesetzt werden.
Die Bachelorarbeit "Content-Strategien im Luxusmodemarketing" befasst sich mit den jeweiligen Besonderheiten von Content-Strategie und Luxusmodemarketing. Diese Ansatzpunkte werden zur Hilfe genommen, um die jeweiligen Disziplinen aufeinander zu beziehen. Dabei spielen bei der Content-Strategie die Faktoren Zielgruppe, Zeitpunkt, Inhalt, Kanäle und Formate eine übergeordnete Rolle, während im Luxusmodemarketing die Symbolkraft der Marke, die Saisonalität der Mode, die Visualität sowie die Akzeptanz seitens des Konsumenten von Bedeutung sind. Mithilfe dieser Kernaspekte, die in dieser Arbeit anhand von Theorien und Modellen untersucht werden, können Bezugspunkte zu den beiden Disziplinen hergestellt werden.
Der Theorieteil erläutert diese Facetten und arbeitet heraus, welche genauen Muster innerhalb der Content-Strategie sowie des Luxusmodemarketings vorliegen. Schließlich beschreibt der Anwendungsteil, wie die relevanten Zielgruppen, die passenden Inhalte, der richtige Zeitpunkt, die erforderlichen Kanäle und die angemessenen Formate auszusehen haben, um eine Content-Strategie erfolgreich im Luxusmodemarketing zu implementieren. Diese Arbeit versucht dies anhand der gewonnenen theoretischen Erkenntnisse sowie entsprechenden Praxisbeispielen näher zu betrachten.
Correction to: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-018-3862-7
In the original publication of this article, the authors missed that reverse coding was necessary for the item “Do you work separate from your colleagues?” before calculating the scale ‘social relations’. So they corrected the analysis accordingly. The results with the revised scale show that there are no longer any significant differences between nurses and physicians with regard to this scale.
Die Gesellschaft ist geprägt von einem zunehmenden Bedürfnis nach Mitbestimmung und damit auch Beteiligung. In Zeiten mangelnder Wohnangebote ist das Interesse besonders groß, wenn bedeutsame Baumaßnahmen thematisiert werden und große Veränderungen mit sich bringen.
Die positive Resonanz auf innerstädtische Immobilienprojekte ist alles andere als selbstverständlich, dabei liegen die Interessen häufig eng beieinander. "Man wird natürlich nie alle zufriedenstellen können" aber häufig mangelt es an ausreichender Kommunikation und Aufklärungsarbeit.
Die Wissenschaftsarbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, welche Ansprüche an Bürgerkommunikation bestehen und welche Chancen sich daraus für die Kommunikation von Bauprojekten ergeben. Daraus resultiert ein Lösungsansatz für die Immobilien-Public-Relations (PR).
Introduction:
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection remains prevalent co-morbidity, and among fracture patients. Few studies have investigated the role of exercise interventions in preventing bone demineralization in people who have fractures and HIV. If exercise exposed, HIV-infected individuals may experience improved bone health outcomes (BMD), function, quality of life (QoL). The study will aim to assess the impact of home based exercises on bone mineral density, functional capacity, QoL, and some serological markers of health in HIV infection among Nigerians and South Africans.
Methods and design:
The study is an assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial. Patients managed with internal and external fixation for femoral shaft fracture at the study sites will be recruited to participate in the study. The participants will be recruited 2 weeks post-discharge at the follow-up clinic with the orthopaedic surgeon. The study population will consist of all persons with femoral fracture and HIV-positive and negative (HIV-positive medically confirmed) aged 18 to 60 years attending the above-named health facilities. For the HIV-positive participants, a documented positive HIV result, as well as a history of being followed-up at the HIV treatment and care center. A developed home based exercise programme will be implemented in the experimental group while the control group continues with the usual rehabilitation programme. The primary outcome measures will be function, gait, bone mineral density, physical activity, and QoL.
Discussion:
The proposed trial will compare the effect of a home-based physical exercise-training programme in the management of femoral fracture to the usual physiotherapy management programmes with specific outcomes of bone mineral density, function, and inflammatory markers.
Die Problematik der aktuell batteriebetriebenen Elektrofahrzeuge liegt in der geringen Reichweite, einem geringen Fahrtgastkomfort, sowie den langen Ladezeiten und einer nicht ausreichenden Ladeinfrastruktur. Diese Tatsachen stellen für die Nutzer eine Hürde für den Umstieg zu batteriebetriebenen Fahrzeugen dar. Eine schon heute verfügbare Brückentechnologie ist der Range Extender. Diese, meist im Fahrzeug integrierten Einheiten, liefern zusätzliche Reichweite, bei einer elektrischen Leistung von meist über 15 kWel und einem durchschnittlichen Anlagenwirkungsgrad von Ƞ RE ≈ 29 %. In dieser Arbeit wird ein modulares Konzept eines erweiterten Range Extenders untersucht, welches die Funktion der Kraft-Wärme-Kopplung und Kraft-Kälte-Kopplung nutzt. Diese Hilfseinheit soll zum einen den Nachteil der geringen Reichweite aufgrund der eingeschränkten Batteriekapazitäten, zum anderen den geringen thermischen Innenraumkomfort von batteriebetriebenen Fahrzeugen ausgleichen. Das Konzept einer Kraftwärme/-kältekopplung zur Klimatisierung von BEV wird in der vorliegenden Arbeit mit Hilfe eines Versuchsaufbaus messtechnisch und theoretisch mittels Simulation untersucht, sowie anhand der ermittelten Kennfelder beurteilt. Die Simulation basiert dabei auf empirisch ermittelten Daten. In den gewählten Fahrzeugklassen Kleinstwagen, Kompakt- und Mittelklasse wird der mittlere Gesamtwirkungsgrad der Anlagenkomponenten in Abhängigkeit von Klimadaten (Wetterdaten) bestimmt. Dieser ermittelte Wirkungsgrad ist abhängig von äußeren thermischen Anforderungen und der Ausnutzung der Anlagenkomponenten. Der modulierbare Leistungsbereich des mikro Blockheizkraftwerks mit Kraft-Kälte-Kopplung hat zum Heizen einen thermischen Leistungsbereich von 5,7 – 13,0 kWthh. Der mechanische Leistungsbereich von 2,0 - 14,5 kWme wird in zwei Bereiche aufgeteilt. Zur Kühlung wird ein thermischer Bereich von 1,0 – 7,0 kWthk und zur elektrischen Stromerzeugung ein Leistungsbereich von 1,0 – 6,0 kWel verwendet. Basierend auf den in dieser Arbeit experimentell ermittelten Kennfeldern, die unter Berücksichtigung der lokalen klimatischen Bedingungen in Deutschland berechnet wurden, kann der Anlagenwirkungsgrad für Kleinstwagen mit Ƞ Kl = 58,9 ± 3,5 %, für die Kompaktklasse mit Ƞ Ko = 62,2 ± 5,5 % und für die Mittelklasse mit durchschnittlich Ƞ Mk = 65,2 ± 4,8 % ermittelt werden. Die zusätzlich gewonnenen Reichweiten, die durch Einsparung von batterieelektrischer Energie für die Klimatisierung und durch Einspeisung von erzeugter elektrischer Energie erreicht werden, liegen bei den Kleinstwagen bei 246 ± 31 km, in der Kompaktklasse bei 296 ± 103 km und in der Mittelklasse bei 314 ± 104 km. Eine Abtrennung des Klimakompressors von der Verbrennungskraftmaschine führt dabei zusätzlich zu einer teilweisen Verbesserung der ermittelten Werte. Im Vergleich dazu, lässt sich ein durchschnittlicher Reichweitenzuwachs von 103 km, ohne den Einsatz eines Kraftstoffes, nur durch Nutzung eines effizienteren Systems erreichen, wenn eine Wärmepumpe eingesetzt wird. Zusammenfassend kann festgehalten werden, dass der Einsatz der Kraftwärme -Kältekopplung zur Klimatisierung von Elektrofahrzeugen nachhaltig und sinnvoller erscheint, als der Einsatz eines konventionellen Range Extender, denn der Einsatz eines zusätzlichen Kraftstoffes sollte so effizient wie möglich genutzt werden.
Background:
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory, immune mediated disease of the central nervous system, with Relapsing Remitting MS (RRMS) being the most common type. Within the last years, the status of high disease activity (HDA) has become increasingly important for clinical decisions. Nevertheless, little is known about the incidence, the characteristics, and the current treatment of patients with RRMS and HDA in Germany. Therefore, this study aims to estimate the incidence of HDA in a German RRMS patient population, to characterize this population and to describe current drug treatment routines and further healthcare utilization of these patients.
Methods:
A claims data analyses has been conducted, using a sample of the InGef Research Database that comprises data of approximately four million insured persons from around 70 German statutory health insurances (SHI). The study was conducted in a retrospective cohort design, including the years 2012–2016. Identification of RRMS population based on ICD-10 code (ICD-10-GM: G35.1). For identification of HDA, criteria from other studies as well as expert opinions have been used. Information on incidence, characteristics and current treatment of patients with RRMS and HDA was considered.
Results:
The overall HDA incidence within the RRMS population was 8.5% for 2016. It was highest for the age group of 0–19 years (29.4% women, 33.3% men) and lowest for the age group of ≥ 50 years (4.3% women, 5.6% men). Mean age of patients with RRMS and incident HDA was 38.4 years (SD: 11.8) and women accounted for 67.8%.
Analyses of drug utilization showed that 82.4% received at least one disease-modifying drug (DMD) in 2016. A percentage of 49.8% of patients received drugs for relapse therapy. A share of 55% of RRMS patients with HDA had at least one hospitalization with a mean length of stay of 13.9 days (SD: 18.3 days) in 2016. The average number of outpatient physician contacts was 28.1 (SD: 14.0).
Conclusions:
This study based on representative Germany-wide claims data from the SHI showed a high incidence of HDA especially within the young RRMS population. Future research should consider HDA as an important criterion for the quality of care for MS patients.
Background: Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is an effective treatment for trigeminal neuralgia (TN). Nevertheless, a proportion of patients will experience recurrence and treatment-related sensory disturbances. In order to evaluate the predictors of efficacy and safety of image-guided non-isocentric radiosurgery, we analyzed the impact of trigeminal nerve volume and the nerve dose/volume relationship, together with relevant clinical characteristics.
Methods: Two-hundred and ninety-six procedures were performed on 262 patients at three centers. In 17 patients the TN was secondary to multiple sclerosis (MS). Trigeminal pain and sensory disturbances were classified according to the Barrow Neurological Institute (BNI) scale. Pain-free-intervals were investigated using Kaplan Meier analyses. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to identify predictors.
Results: The median follow-up period was 38 months, median maximal dose 72.4 Gy, median target nerve volume 25mm3, and median prescription dose 60 Gy. Pain control rate (BNI I-III) at 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months were 96.8, 90.9, 84.2, 81.4, 74.2, and 71.2%, respectively. Overall, 18% of patients developed sensory disturbances. Patients with volume ≥ 30mm3 were more likely to maintain pain relief (p = 0.031), and low integral dose (< 1.4 mJ) tended to be associated with more pain recurrence than intermediate (1.4–2.7 mJ) or high integral dose (> 2.7 mJ; low vs. intermediate: log-rank test, χ2 = 5.02, p = 0.019; low vs. high: log-rank test, χ2 = 6.026, p = 0.014). MS, integral dose, and mean dose were the factors associated with pain recurrence, while re-irradiation and MS were predictors for sensory disturbance in the multivariate analysis.
Conclusions: The dose to nerve volume ratio is predictive of pain recurrence in TN, and re-irradiation has a major impact on the development of sensory disturbances after non-isocentric SRS. Interestingly, the integral dose may differ significantly in treatments using apparently similar dose and volume constraints.
After kidney transplantation graft rejection must be prevented. Therefore, a multitude of parameters of the patient is observed pre- and postoperatively. To support this process, the Screen Reject research project is developing a data warehouse optimized for kidney rejection diagnostics. In the course of this project it was discovered that important information are only available in form of free texts instead of structured data and can therefore not be processed by standard ETL tools, which is necessary to establish a digital expert system for rejection diagnostics. Due to this reason, data integration has been improved by a combination of methods from natural language processing and methods from image processing. Based on state-of-the-art data warehousing technologies (Microsoft SSIS), a generic data integration tool has been developed. The tool was evaluated by extracting Banff-classification from 218 pathology reports and extracting HLA mismatches from about 1700 PDF files, both written in german language.
Aim:
To characterize palliative care patients, to estimate the incidence, prevalence, and 1-year all-cause mortality in patients in Germany who received palliative care treatment.
Subject and methods:
The study analyzed the InGef Research Database, which covers 4 million people insured in German statutory health insurance companies. Specific outpatient and inpatient reimbursement codes were used to capture cases with palliative conditions. The prevalence was ascertained for the year 2015. The incidence was calculated for patients without documented palliative care services in the year before the observation period. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to analyze the 1-year all-cause mortality.
Results:
The incidence rate of palliative conditions was 41.3 and 34.9 per 10,000 persons in women and men, respectively. The prevalence per 10,000 persons was 61.3 in women and 51.1 in men. The 1-year all-cause mortality among patients receiving their first palliative care treatment was 67.5%. Mortality was lower in patients receiving general outpatient palliative care treatment (AAPV; 60.8%) compared to patients receiving specialized outpatient palliative care treatment (SAPV; 86.1%) or inpatient palliative care treatment (90.6%). Within the first 30 days, mortality was particularly high (~43.0%).
Conclusions:
In Germany, more than 400,000 patients per year receive palliative care treatment, which is lower compared to estimates of the number of persons with a potential need for palliative care. This gap was observed particularly in younger to middle-aged individuals. The findings indicate a demand for methodologically sound studies to investigate the public health burden and to quantify the unmet need for palliative care in Germany.
Plugins erweitern die Funktionalität von WordPress und helfen Webseitenbetreibern beim Hinzufügen neuer Elemente oder Funktionen. Dabei muss der Betreiber selbst keinen komplexen Programmcode schreiben. Auch können diese Erweiterungen als Erleichterung bei der Pflege von Informationen und Inhalten dienen. In der vorliegenden Bachelorarbeit wird die Konzipierung, Umsetzung und Anwendung eines solchen Plugins für den Vergleich von Veranstaltungen beschrieben. Dabei findet es Anwendung auf einer Internetseite zum Thema Festivals. Die Informationen bezüglich der Festivals werden per Import in einer Tabelle gespeichert und für den Vergleich dargestellt. Eintragungen können auch händisch getätigt werden, woraus sich schließlich ergibt, dass das Plugin mit seiner Importfunktion eine zeitsparende und sinnvolle Erweiterung ist.
Digital data on tangible and intangible cultural assets is an essential part of daily life, communication and experience. It has a lasting influence on the perception of cultural identity as well as on the interactions between research, the cultural economy and society. Throughout the last three decades, many cultural heritage institutions have contributed a wealth of digital representations of cultural assets (2D digital reproductions of paintings, sheet music, 3D digital models of sculptures, monuments, rooms, buildings), audio-visual data (music, film, stage performances), and procedural research data such as encoding and annotation formats. The long-term preservation and FAIR availability of research data from the cultural heritage domain is fundamentally important, not only for future academic success in the humanities but also for the cultural identity of individuals and society as a whole. Up to now, no coordinated effort for professional research data management on a national level exists in Germany. NFDI4Culture aims to fill this gap and create a usercentered, research-driven infrastructure that will cover a broad range of research domains from musicology, art history and architecture to performance, theatre, film, and media studies.
The research landscape addressed by the consortium is characterized by strong institutional differentiation. Research units in the consortium's community of interest comprise university institutes, art colleges, academies, galleries, libraries, archives and museums. This diverse landscape is also characterized by an abundance of research objects, methodologies and a great potential for data-driven research. In a unique effort carried out by the applicant and co-applicants of this proposal and ten academic societies, this community is interconnected for the first time through a federated approach that is ideally suited to the needs of the participating researchers. To promote collaboration within the NFDI, to share knowledge and technology and to provide extensive support for its users have been the guiding principles of the consortium from the beginning and will be at the heart of all workflows and decision-making processes. Thanks to these principles, NFDI4Culture has gathered strong support ranging from individual researchers to highlevel cultural heritage organizations such as the UNESCO, the International Council of Museums, the Open Knowledge Foundation and Wikimedia. On this basis, NFDI4Culture will take innovative measures that promote a cultural change towards a more reflective and sustainable handling of research data and at the same time boost qualification and professionalization in data-driven research in the domain of cultural heritage. This will create a long-lasting impact on science, cultural economy and society as a whole.
Der ständige Wandel der Gesellschaft hinsichtlich der Bedürfnisse und Arbeitsgewohnheiten, stellt eine Herausforderung dar, mit der sich auch Behördenbibliotheken auseinandersetzen müssen. Diese stetigen Veränderungen führen zu einem erhöhten Innovationsbedarf in diesen Bibliotheken. Die Arbeit setzt sich mit zwei möglichen nutzerorientierten Innovationsmethoden auseinander. Jene können dazu beitragen, dass die veränderten Bedürfnisse der Bibliotheksnutzer unmittelbar in Innovationsprojekte der Behördenbibliotheken mit einfließen. Im ersten Teil der Arbeit werden die theoretischen Grundlagen von Innovationen sowie der zwei Methoden, Open Innovation und Design Thinking, dargestellt. Open Innovation und Design Thinking werden darüber hinaus anhand von Praxisbeispielen aus Bibliotheken näher erläutert. Außerdem werden sowohl die Aufgaben als auch die allgemeinen Herausforderungen in Behördenbibliotheken dargestellt. Im zweiten Teil der Arbeit wird die durchgeführte empirische Untersuchung beschrieben, die einen Aufschluss über den aktuellen Stand von Innovationen in Behördenbibliotheken geben soll. Abschließend werden, anhand der theoretischen Grundlagen sowie der gewonnenen Erkenntnisse, Erfolgskriterien und Handlungsempfehlungen für die Durchführung von nutzerintegrierten Innovationsprojekten für Behördenbibliotheken gegeben.
Durch den Wandel des bibliothekarischen Selbstverständnisses zum zunehmend wirtschaftlich geführten Dienstleistungsbetrieb gewinnt die Nutzerorientierung im Bibliothekssektor an Bedeutung. Insbesondere Nutzerzufriedenheit ist in diesem Kontext ein wichtiges Ziel von zukunftsorientierten Bibliotheken. Für die Bibliothek der Hochschule Hannover ist aus diesem Grund im Mai 2020 eine empirische Zufriedenheitsstudie unter den Mitgliedern der Hochschule durchgeführt worden. Es wurden Nutzungseigenschaften sowie Ansichten bezüglich Dienstleistungen, Lokalitäten und Gesamteindrücken erhoben. Ergänzend zur Auswertung dieser Ergebnisse wird in dieser Arbeit ein Vergleich mit denen der bis dato jüngsten Zufriedenheitsstudie von 2009 gezogen. Ziel der onlinebasierten Befragung sowie des Vergleichs ist die Ermittlung von Nutzerbedürfnissen und Kritikpunkten, um eine fundierte
Entwicklungsempfehlung für die Bibliothek erstellen zu können. Maßnahmen, die auf dieser Empfehlung basieren, sollen eine Steigerung der Nutzerzufriedenheit ermöglichen. Die Analyse der Antworten lässt vor allem auf einen Mangel des selbstständigen Informierens über die Angebote der Bibliothek sowie deren Nutzung für das wissenschaftliche Arbeiten schließen. Daher werden insbesondere eine Verbesserung der aktiven Kommunikation mit den Zielgruppen und die Förderung der Informationskompetenz der Nutzer empfohlen.
Background: Patient satisfaction is considered as an indicator of the healthcare quality. Information on patient satisfaction based on medical expertise of the physician, interpersonal skills, physician-patient interaction time, perception and needs of the patient allow policymakers to identify areas for improvement. Primary care services and healthcare structure differ between the countries. The present study was done to determine and analyze the determinants associated with patient satisfaction in India, Pakistan, Spain and USA.
Methods: This descriptive study was performed in January to August 2019 among students from Mumbai University, India, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan, University CEU Cardenal Herrera, Valencia, Spain, Texas State University, Texas, USA. On the basis of the eligibility criterion (those who gave a written informed consent and were registered students of respective university) 890 (India: 369, Pakistan: 128, Spain: 195, USA: 99) students were selected for the present study.
Results: India had almost similar male (49%) to female (51%) ratio of participants. For other 3 countries (PK, ES, US), female participant percentage was nearly 20% or even more as compared to male participants. Overall participant’s satisfaction score about medial expertise of the doctor were highest in India (71%) and were lowest in Spain (43%). Overall satisfaction score about time spent with doctor were highest for India (64%) and were lowest for Spain (41%). Overall satisfaction score about communication with doctor were highest for US (60%) and were lowest for PK (53%). Overall satisfaction score for medical care given by the doctor was lowest in PK (43%) and was highest in US (64%). Overall satisfaction about doctor, highest number of US (83%) and lowest number of PK (32%) participants were satisfied about medical interaction with doctors.
Conclusions: These multi-country findings can provide information for health policy making in India, Pakistan, Spain and USA. Although the average satisfaction per country, except Pakistan is more than 60%, the results suggest that there is ample room for improvement.