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Surface atomic relaxation and magnetism on hydrogen-adsorbed Fe(110) surfaces from first principles
(2016)
We have computed adsorption energies, vibrational frequencies, surface relaxation and buckling for hydrogen adsorbed on a body-centred-cubic Fe(110) surface as a function of the degree of H coverage. This adsorption system is important in a variety of technological processes such as the hydrogen embrittlement in ferritic steels, which motivated this work, and the Haber–Bosch process. We employed spin-polarised density functional theory to optimise geometries of a six-layer Fe slab, followed by frozen mode finite displacement phonon calculations to compute Fe–H vibrational frequencies. We have found that the quasi-threefold (3f) site is the most stable adsorption site, with adsorption energies of ∼3.0 eV/H for all coverages studied. The long-bridge (lb) site, which is close in energy to the 3f site, is actually a transition state leading to the stable 3f site. The calculated harmonic vibrational frequencies collectively span from 730 to 1220 cm−1, for a range of coverages. The increased first-to-second layer spacing in the presence of adsorbed hydrogen, and the pronounced buckling observed in the Fe surface layer, may facilitate the diffusion of hydrogen atoms into the bulk, and therefore impact the early stages of hydrogen embrittlement in steels.
Bedingt durch die zunehmende Digitalisierung der wissenschaftlichen Ausbildung entstanden verschiedenste Lehrplattformen, mit denen die Verwaltung von Lehrveranstaltungen und Lehrmitteln möglich geworden ist. Die Plattform LON-CAPA ist eine davon.
Neben der Verwaltung von Lehrveranstaltungen konnten innerhalb der Plattform über eine Programmierschnittstelle auch Übungsaufgaben definiert werden, die durch das Hinterlegen der korrekten Antwort oder bei der Definition von Multiple-Choice Aufgaben einem Studierenden automatisch Feedback über dessen Lösung geben können. Komplexere Aufgaben mussten dagegen häufig manuell durch Menschen korrigiert werden.
Für die formalen Sprachen und die Automatenlehre der theoretischen Informatik wurde daher die in Java geschriebene Bibliothek JFLAP modifiziert, um als Bewertungsinstrument Aufgaben aus diesem Themengebiet automatisch auf Korrektheit bewerten zu können. Ein genereller Interfaceansatz ermöglich zusätzliche eine zugängliche Definition weiterer Aufgaben für die untersuchten Themengebiete.
Research question: Rivalries in team sports are commonly conceptualized as a threat to the fans’ identity. Therefore, past research has mainly focused on the negative consequences. However, theoretical arguments and empirical evidence suggest that rivalry has both negative and positive effects on fans’ self-concept. This research develops and empirically tests a model which captures and integrates these dual effects of rivalry.
Research methods: Data were collected via an on-site survey at home games of eight German Bundesliga football teams (N = 571). Structural equation modeling provides strong support for the proposed model.
Results and findings: In line with previous research, the results show that rivalry threatens fans’ identity as reflected in lower public collective self-esteem in relation to supporters of the rival team. However, the results also show that there are crucial positive consequences, such as higher perceptions of public collective self-esteem in relation to supporters of non-rival opponents, perceived ingroup distinctiveness and ingroup cohesion. These positive effects are mediated through increases in disidentification with the rival and perceived reciprocity of rivalry.
Implications: We contribute to the literature by providing a more balanced view of one of team sports’ key phenomena. Our results indicate that the prevalent conceptualization of rivalry as an identity threat should be amended by the positive consequences. Our research also offers guidance for the promotion of rivalries, where the managerial focus should be on creating a perception that a rivalry is reciprocal.
Das vorliegende Shortpaper befasst sich mit dem Thema Datenschnittstellen und Datenmapping im Bibliothekswesen für den Austausch von bibliografischen Daten. Ausgangspunkt der Arbeit ist die Schnittstelle Z39.50, welche den Austausch von Metadaten zwischen Bibliotheken als derzeitigen Standard bildet. Neben diesem Austauschformat sind die Darstellungsformate MAB, MARC 21, MARC-XML und als Weiterentwicklung von Z39.50 das SRU (Search/Retrieve via URL) genannt. Weiterhin wird auf das Linked Open Data Netzwerk Bezug genommen. Dieses Netzwerk, auch Semantic Web genannt, wird im Allgemeinen auch mit den Begriffen Web 3.0, Linked Open Data und Web of Data in Verbindung gebracht. Die technische Seite wird anhand von RDF (Resource Description Framework), XML (Extensible Markup Language) erläutert und im Weiteren wird auf die Wichtigkeit der CC0-Lizenzen (Creative Commons Lizenzen) eingegangen. Abschließend wird auf den Begriff Mapping im Kontext der Bibliothekslandschaft eingegangen und die Zusammenarbeit zwischen den Institutionen hervorgehoben.
According to the third-person effect or the influence of presumed media influence approach, the presumption that the media has strong effects on other people can affect individuals’ attitudes and behavior. For instance, if people believe in strong media influences on others, they are more likely to increase their communication activities or support demands for restrictions on media. A standardized online survey among German journalists (N = 960) revealed that the stronger the journalists perceive the political online influence on the public to be, the more frequently they contradict unwanted political views in their articles. Moreover, even journalists are more likely to approve of restrictions on the Internet’s political influence, the stronger they believe the effects of online media to be. The data reveal no connections between communication activities and demands for restrictions.
Background:
The increase in food intolerances poses a burgeoning problem in our society. Food intolerances not only lead to physical impairment of the individual patient but also result in a high socio-economic burden due to factors such as the treatment required as well as absenteeism. The present study aimed to explore whether lactose intolerant (LI) patients exhibit more frequent comorbidities than non-LI patients.
Methods:
The study was conducted on a case-control basis and the results were determined using routine data analysis. Routine data from the IMS Disease Analyzer database were used for this purpose. A total of 6,758 data records were processed and analyzed.
Results:
There were significant correlations between LI and the incidence of osteoporosis, changes in mental status, and the presence of additional food intolerances. Comparing 3,379 LI vs. 3,379 non-LI patients, 34.5% vs. 17.7% (P<0.0001) suffered from abdominal pain; 30.6% vs. 17.2% (P<0.0001) from gastrointestinal infections; and 20.9% vs. 16.0% (P=0.0053) from depression. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) were the highest for fructose intolerance (n=229 LI vs. n=7 non-LI; OR 31.06; P<0.0001), irritable bowel syndrome (n=247 LI vs. n=44 non-LI; OR 5.23; P<0.0001), and bloating (n=351 LI vs. n=68 non-LI; OR 4.94; P<0.0001).
Conclusion:
The study confirms that LI should not be regarded as an isolated illness but considered a possible trigger for further diseases. Additional research is necessary to assert more precise statements.