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- Fakultät IV - Wirtschaft und Informatik (54) (remove)
Vor der Abgabe einer Studien- oder Abschlussarbeit ist dringend eine sorgfältige Überarbeitung in Form einer Endredaktion vorzunehmen, um eine gute Bewertung der Arbeit nicht zu gefährden. Dies ist einfach; denn das Vorgehen ist schlicht und wenig aufwändig. Daher wäre es besonders ärgerlich, einfache Fehler nicht zu beheben und dafür Abzüge bei der Bewertung der Arbeit hinzunehmen. Für eine Endredaktion wird hiermit eine Anleitung vorgelegt.
Nowadays, most recommender systems are based on a centralized architecture, which can cause crucial issues in terms of trust, privacy, dependability, and costs. In this paper, we propose a decentralized and distributed MANET-based (Mobile Ad-hoc NETwork) recommender system for open facilities. The system is based on mobile devices that collect sensor data about users locations to derive implicit ratings that are used for collaborative filtering recommendations. The mechanisms of deriving ratings and propagating them in a MANET network are discussed in detail. Finally, extensive experiments demonstrate the suitability of the approach in terms of different performance metrics.
The paper presents a comprehensive model of a banking system that integrates network effects, bankruptcy costs, fire sales, and cross-holdings. For the integrated financial market we prove the existence of a price-payment equilibrium and design an algorithm for the computation of the greatest and the least equilibrium. The number of defaults corresponding to the greatest price-payment equilibrium is analyzed in several comparative case studies. These illustrate the individual and joint impact of interbank liabilities, bankruptcy costs, fire sales and cross-holdings on systemic risk. We study policy implications and regulatory instruments, including central bank guarantees and quantitative easing, the significance of last wills of financial institutions, and capital requirements.
Systematizing IT Risks
(2019)
IT risks — risks associated with the operation or use of information technology — have taken on great importance in business, and IT risk management is accordingly important in the science and practice of information management. Therefore, it is necessary to systematize IT risks in order to plan, manage and control for different risk-specific measures. In order to choose and implement suitable measures for managing IT risks, effect-based and causebased procedures are necessary. These procedures are explained in detail for IT security risks because of their special importance.
Nowadays, problems related with solid waste management become a challenge for most countries due to the rising generation of waste, related environmental issues, and associated costs of produced wastes. Effective waste management systems at different geographic levels require accurate forecasting of future waste generation. In this work, we investigate how open-access data, such as provided from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), can be used for the analysis of waste data. The main idea of this study is finding the links between socioeconomic and demographic variables that determine the amounts of types of solid wastes produced by countries. This would make it possible to accurately predict at the country level the waste production and determine the requirements for the development of effective waste management strategies. In particular, we use several machine learning data regression (Support Vector, Gradient Boosting, and Random Forest) and clustering models (k-means) to respectively predict waste production for OECD countries along years and also to perform clustering among these countries according to similar characteristics. The main contributions of our work are: (1) waste analysis at the OECD country-level to compare and cluster countries according to similar waste features predicted; (2) the detection of most relevant features for prediction models; and (3) the comparison between several regression models with respect to accuracy in predictions. Coefficient of determination (R2), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), respectively, are used as indices of the efficiency of the developed models. Our experiments have shown that some data pre-processings on the OECD data are an essential stage required in the analysis; that Random Forest Regressor (RFR) produced the best prediction results over the dataset; and that these results are highly influenced by the quality of available socio-economic data. In particular, the RFR model exhibited the highest accuracy in predictions for most waste types. For example, for “municipal” waste, it produced, respectively, R2 = 1 and MAPE = 4.31 global error values for the test set; and for “household” waste, it, respectively, produced R2 = 1 and MAPE = 3.03. Our results indicate that the considered models (and specially RFR) all are effective in predicting the amount of produced wastes derived from input data for the considered countries.
Enterprise apps on mobile devices typically need to communicate with other system components by consuming web services. Since most of the current mobile device platforms (such as Android) do not provide built-in features for consuming SOAP services, extensions have to be designed. Additionally in order to accommodate the typical enhanced security requirements of enterprise apps, it is important to be able to deal with SOAP web service security extensions on client side. In this article we show that neither the built-in SOAP capabilities for Android web service clients are sufficient for enterprise apps nor are the necessary security features supported by the platform as is. After discussing different existing extensions making Android devices SOAP capable we explain why none of them is really satisfactory in an enterprise context. Then we present our own solution which accommodates not only SOAP but also the WS-Security features on top of SOAP. Our solution heavily relies on code generation in order to keep the flexibility benefits of SOAP on one hand while still keeping the development effort manageable for software development. Our approach provides a good foundation for the implementation of other SOAP extensions apart from security on the Android platform as well. In addition our solution based on the gSOAP framework may be used for other mobile platforms in a similar manner.
In this paper, we present a novel approach for real-time rendering of soft eclipse shadows cast by spherical, atmosphereless bodies. While this problem may seem simple at first, it is complicated by several factors. First, the extreme scale differences and huge mutual distances of the involved celestial bodies cause rendering artifacts in practice. Second, the surface of the Sun does not emit light evenly in all directions (an effect which is known as limb darkening). This makes it impossible to model the Sun as a uniform spherical light source. Finally, our intended applications include real-time rendering of solar eclipses in virtual reality, which require very high frame rates. As a solution to these problems, we precompute the amount of shadowing into an eclipse shadow map, which is parametrized so that it is independent of the position and size of the occluder. Hence, a single shadow map can be used for all spherical occluders in the Solar System. We assess the errors introduced by various simplifications and compare multiple approaches in terms of performance and precision. Last but not least, we compare our approaches to the state-of-the-art and to reference images. The implementation has been published under the MIT license.
Prüfungsangst
(2003)
OSGi in Cloud Environments
(2013)
In this paper, five ontologies are described, which include the event concepts. The paper provides an overview and comparison of existing event models. The main criteria for comparison are that there should be possibilities to model events with stretch in the time and location and participation of objects; however, there are other factors that should be taken into account as well. The paper also shows an example of using ontologies in complex event processing.
In this paper we describe methods to approximate functions and differential operators on adaptive sparse (dyadic) grids. We distinguish between several representations of a function on the sparse grid and we describe how finite difference (FD) operators can be applied to these representations. For general variable coefficient equations on sparse grids, genuine finite element (FE) discretizations are not feasible and FD operators allow an easier operator evaluation than the adapted FE operators. However, the structure of the FD operators is complex. With the aim to construct an efficient multigrid procedure, we analyze the structure of the discrete Laplacian in its hierarchical representation and show the relation between the full and the sparse grid case. The rather complex relations, that are expressed by scaling matrices for each separate coordinate direction, make us doubt about the possibility of constructing efficient preconditioners that show spectral equivalence. Hence, we question the possibility of constructing a natural multigrid algorithm with optimal O(N) efficiency. We conjecture that for the efficient solution of a general class of adaptive grid problems it is better to accept an additional condition for the dyadic grids (condition L) and to apply adaptive hp-discretization.
Die gesetzlich vorgesehene Bereitstellung von Digitalisierungsangeboten stellt öffentliche Verwaltungen vor steigende Herausforderungen. Aufgrund der Heterogenität der Nutzerinnen und Nutzer ist es für öffentliche Verwaltungen häufig problematisch, klare Anforderungen zu erheben und zu erfüllen. Hinzukommen strukturelle und organisatorische Gegebenheiten wie beispielsweise ausgeprägte Entscheidungshierarchien, die eine nutzerzentrierte Vorgehensweise erschweren können. Darüber hinaus sieht sich die öffentliche Verwaltung zunehmend mit komplexer werdenden Problemen konfrontiert. Es stellt sich daher die Frage, wie in der öffentlichen Verwaltung ein moderner Ansatz zur Nutzerzentrierung und Problemlösung eingesetzt werden kann. Dieser Artikel präsentiert die Ergebnisse einer Einzelfallstudie bei der Niedersächsischen Landesbehörde für Straßenbau und Verkehr (NLStBV). Wir haben mit einer Fokusgruppe einen Design-Thinking-Workshop durchgeführt, um Potenziale und Anwendungsmöglichkeiten des Ansatzes in der öffentlichen Verwaltung zu identifizieren. Auf Basis einer SWOT-Analyse haben wir die Ergebnisse untersucht und geben vier konkrete Handlungsempfehlungen für die Einführung sowie Nutzung von Design Thinking.
In this paper we describe the selection of a modern build automation tool for an industry research partner of ours, namely an insurance company. Build automation has become increasingly important over the years. Today, build automation became one of the central concepts in topics such as cloud native development based on microservices and DevOps. Since more and more products for build automation have entered the market and existing tools have changed their functional scope, there is nowadays a large number of tools on the market that differ greatly in their functional scope. Based on requirements from our partner company, a build server analysis was conducted. This paper presents our analysis requirements, a detailed look at one of the examined tools and a summarized comparison of two tools.
The paper provides a comprehensive overview of modeling and pricing cyber insurance and includes clear and easily understandable explanations of the underlying mathematical concepts. We distinguish three main types of cyber risks: idiosyncratic, systematic, and systemic cyber risks. While for idiosyncratic and systematic cyber risks, classical actuarial and financial mathematics appear to be well-suited, systemic cyber risks require more sophisticated approaches that capture both network and strategic interactions. In the context of pricing cyber insurance policies, issues of interdependence arise for both systematic and systemic cyber risks; classical actuarial valuation needs to be extended to include more complex methods, such as concepts of risk-neutral valuation and (set-valued) monetary risk measures.
BACKGROUND:
Despite their increasing popularity, little is known about how users perceive mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet PCs in medical contexts. Available studies are often restricted to evaluating the success of specific interventions and do not adequately cover the users' basic attitudes, for example, their expectations or concerns toward using mobile devices in medical settings.
OBJECTIVE:
The objective of the study was to obtain a comprehensive picture, both from the perspective of the patients, as well as the doctors, regarding the use and acceptance of mobile devices within medical contexts in general well as the perceived challenges when introducing the technology.
METHODS:
Doctors working at Hannover Medical School (206/1151, response 17.90%), as well as patients being admitted to this facility (213/279, utilization 76.3%) were surveyed about their acceptance and use of mobile devices in medical settings. Regarding demographics, both samples were representative of the respective study population. GNU R (version 3.1.1) was used for statistical testing. Fisher's exact test, two-sided, alpha=.05 with Monte Carlo approximation, 2000 replicates, was applied to determine dependencies between two variables.
RESULTS:
The majority of participants already own mobile devices (doctors, 168/206, 81.6%; patients, 110/213, 51.6%). For doctors, use in a professional context does not depend on age (P=.66), professional experience (P=.80), or function (P=.34); gender was a factor (P=.009), and use was more common among male (61/135, 45.2%) than female doctors (17/67, 25%). A correlation between use of mobile devices and age (P=.001) as well as education (P=.002) was seen for patients. Minor differences regarding how mobile devices are perceived in sensitive medical contexts mostly relate to data security, patients are more critical of the devices being used for storing and processing patient data; every fifth patient opposed this, but nevertheless, 4.8% of doctors (10/206) use their devices for this purpose. Both groups voiced only minor concerns about the credibility of the provided content or the technical reliability of the devices. While 8.3% of the doctors (17/206) avoided use during patient contact because they thought patients might be unfamiliar with the devices, (25/213) 11.7% of patients expressed concerns about the technology being too complicated to be used in a health context.
CONCLUSIONS:
Differences in how patients and doctors perceive the use of mobile devices can be attributed to age and level of education; these factors are often mentioned as contributors of the problems with (mobile) technologies. To fully realize the potential of mobile technologies in a health care context, the needs of both the elderly as well as those who are educationally disadvantaged need to be carefully addressed in all strategies relating to mobile technology in a health context.
Sowohl die liquiditäts- als auch die erfolgsorientierte Betrachtungsweise von Zahlungsströmen soll mit dem Begriff der optimalen Liquidität zum Ausdruck kommen. Der Liquiditätsplan stellt ein geeignetes Instrument dar, um fundierte Entscheidungen zu ermöglichen. Neben Ausführungen zu den allgemeinen Grundlagen bietet die Abhandlung von Dr. K. Kairies praxisorientierte Überlegungen für die Einführung und Pflege eines Liquiditätsplanes im Unternehmen.
Für die Studiengang-Auswahl existiert eine Reihe i. d. R. Fragebogen-gestützter Online-Studiengangfinder. Eine Analyse zeigte Optimierungspotenziale: Studienangebote sind meist auf ein Bundesland oder eine Hochschule beschränkt oder, allgemein beschrieben, die individuelle Studiengang-Auswahl ist nur mit Unschärfen möglich. Letzteres wirkt sich z. B. bei Bindestrich-Studiengängen (z. B. Wirtschaftsingenieurwesen) aus, die je nach Hochschule inhaltlich variieren können. Hier setzt das Portal an. Ziele sind: Bereitstellung der in der Sprachwelt Studieninteressierter gehaltenen Fragebögen, Möglichkeit für Hochschulen/Einrichtungen, Studiengänge bereitzustellen.