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All of us are aware of the changes in the information field during the last years. We all see the paradigm shift coming up and have some idea how it will challenge our profession in the future. But how the road to excellence - in education of information specialists in the future - will look like? There are different models (new and old ones) for reorganising the structure of education: * Integration * Specialisation * Step-by step-model * Modul System * Network System / Combination model The paper will present the actual level of discussion on building up a new curriculum at the Department of Information and Communication (IK) at the FH Hannover. Based on the mission statement of the department »Education of information professionals is a part of the dynamic evolution of knowledge society« the direction of change and the main goals will be presented. The different reorganisation models will be explained with its objectives, opportunities and forms of implementation. Some examples will show the ideas and tools for a first draft of a reconstruction plan to become fit for the future. This talk has been held at the German-Dutch University Conference »Information Specialists for the 21st Century« at the Fachhochschule Hannover - University of Applied Sciences, Department of Information and Communication, October 14 -15, 1999 in Hannover, Germany.
The miniaturized Mössbauer-spectrometer (MIMOS II), originally devised by Göstar Klingelhöfer, is further developed by the Renz group at the Leibniz University Hanover in cooperation with the Hanover University of Applied Sciences and Arts. A new processing unit with a two-dimensional (2D) data acquisition was developed by M. Jahns. The advantage of this data acquisition is that no thresholds need to be set before the measurement. The energy of each photon is determined and stored with the velocity of the drive. After the measurement, the relevant area can be selected for the Mössbauer spectrum. Now we have expanded the evaluation unit with a power supply for a MIMOS drive and a MIMOS PIN detector. So we have a very compact MIMOS transmissions measurement setup. With this setup it is possible to process the signals of two detectors serially. Currently we are working on a parallel signal processing.
Data and Information Science: Book of Abstracts at BOBCATSSS 2022 Hybrid Conference, 23rd - 25th of May 2022, Debrecen.
This year marks the 30th anniversary of the BOBCATSSS. The BOBCATSSS is an international, annual symposium designed for librarians and information professionals in a rapidly changing environment. Over the past 30 years, the conference has included exciting topics, great venues, interested guests and engaging presenters.
This year we would like to introduce the topics of the many papers presented in the Book of Abstracts for the first time in presence at the University of Debrecen and hybrid. The Book of Abstracts provides an overview of all presentations given at BOBCATSSS. Presentations are listed in alphabetical order by title and include speeches, Pecha Kuchas, posters and workshops.
The theme of BOBCATSSS is Data and Information Science. Data and information are the basis for decisions and processes in business, politics and science. Particularly important in the current era of digital transformation. This is exactly where this year's subthemes come in. They deal with data science, openness as well as institutional roles.
In the last years generative models have gained large public attention due to their high level of quality in generated images. In short, generative models learn a distribution from a finite number of samples and are able then to generate infinite other samples. This can be applied to image data. In the past generative models have not been able to generate realistic images, but nowadays the results are almost indistinguishable from real images.
This work provides a comparative study of three generative models: Variational Autoencoder (VAE), Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) and Diffusion Models (DM). The goal is not to provide a definitive ranking indicating which one of them is the best, but to qualitatively and where possible quantitively decide which model is good with respect to a given criterion. Such criteria include realism, generalization and diversity, sampling, training difficulty, parameter efficiency, interpolating and inpainting capabilities, semantic editing as well as implementation difficulty. After a brief introduction of how each model works on the inside, they are compared against each other. The provided images help to see the differences among the models with respect to each criterion.
To give a short outlook on the results of the comparison of the three models, DMs generate most realistic images. They seem to generalize best and have a high variation among the generated images. However, they are based on an iterative process, which makes them the slowest of the three models in terms of sample generation time. On the other hand, GANs and VAEs generate their samples using one single forward-pass. The images generated by GANs are comparable to the DM and the images from VAEs are blurry, which makes them less desirable in comparison to GANs or DMs. However, both the VAE and the GAN, stand out from the DMs with respect to the interpolations and semantic editing, as they have a latent space, which makes space-walks possible and the changes are not as chaotic as in the case of DMs. Furthermore, concept-vectors can be found, which transform a given image along a given feature while leaving other features and structures mostly unchanged, which is difficult to archive with DMs.
As noted by Roman poet Virgil already more than 2,000 years ago: “The greatest wealth is health.”. Without health, there is no happiness, no peace, and no success according to the Reflections Recovery Center from Arizona, United States (USA, U.S.). The goal of the Healthy People 2020-project (HP2020), which is led by the Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (ODPHP), was to “promote quality life, healthy development, and health behaviors across all life stages” among the U.S. population. HP2020 measures progress by using so-called Leading Health Indicators (LHI), reliable data sources, baseline values as well as targets for LHI-individual improvements for every measurable objective to be achieved by 2020 and each following decade. In the further course, these values were compared to student populations from the U.S., Germany, and Poland. The goal of this master's thesis was to obtain more data on international health, particularly among student populations. For the statistical analysis, data were obtained from an online survey that was distributed to students in at least one university in each of the three countries. In total, data from 380 students were analyzed in terms of HP2020 goal attainment. To determine if statistically significant differences were present, the z-test was used. The biggest differences emerged on the following topics: access to healthcare, environmental quality, obesity as well as reproductive and sexual health.
The shift towards RES introduces challenges related to power system stability due to the characteristics of inverter-based resources (IBRs) and the intermittent nature of renewable resources. This paper addresses these challenges by conducting comprehensive time and frequency simulations on the IEEE two-area benchmark power system with detailed type 4 wind turbine generators (WTGs), including turbines, generators, converters, filters, and controllers. The simulations analyse small-signal and transient stability, considering variations in active and reactive power, short-circuit events, and wind variations. Metrics such as rate of change of frequency (RoCoF), frequency nadir, percentage of frequency variation, and probability density function (PDF) are used to evaluate the system performance. The findings emphasise the importance of including detailed models of RES in stability analyses and demonstrate the impact of RES penetration on power system dynamics. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of RES integration challenges and provides insights for ensuring the reliable and secure operation of power systems in the presence of high levels of RES penetration.
Objectives: To assess the relation between the number of clinical trials conducted and respective new drug approvals in India and South Africa.
Design: Construction and analysis of a comprehensive database of completed randomised controlled clinical trials based on clinicaltrials.gov from 1 January 2005 to 31 December 2010 and drug approval data from 2006 until 2013 for India and South Africa.
Setting: USA, the EU, India and South Africa.
Main outcome measures: Percentage of completed randomised clinical trials for an Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP) leading to new drug approval in India and South Africa.
Results: A total of 622 eligible randomised controlled trials were identified as per search criteria for India and South Africa. Clustering them for the same sponsor and the same Investigational New Drug (IND) resulted in 453 eligible trials, that is, 224 for India and 229 for South Africa. The distribution of the market application approvals between the EU/USA as well as India and South Africa revealed that out of clinical trials with the participation of test centres in India and/or South Africa, 39.6% (India) clinical trials and 60.1% (South Africa) clinical trials led to market authorisation in the EU/USA without a New Drug Application (NDA) approval in India or South Africa.
Conclusions: Despite an increase in clinical trial activities, there is a clear gap between the number of trials conducted and market availability of these new drugs in India and South Africa. Drug regulatory authorities, investigators, institutional review boards and patient groups should direct their efforts to ensuring availability of new drugs in the market that have been tested and researched on their population.
BACKGROUND: Even though physician rating websites (PRWs) have been gaining in importance in both practice and research, little evidence is available on the association of patients' online ratings with the quality of care of physicians. It thus remains unclear whether patients should rely on these ratings when selecting a physician. The objective of this study was to measure the association between online ratings and structural and quality of care measures for 65 physician practices from the German Integrated Health Care Network "Quality and Efficiency" (QuE). METHODS: Online reviews from two German PRWs were included which covered a three-year period (2011 to 2013) and included 1179 and 991 ratings, respectively. Information for 65 QuE practices was obtained for the year 2012 and included 21 measures related to structural information (N = 6), process quality (N = 10), intermediate outcomes (N = 2), patient satisfaction (N = 1), and costs (N = 2). The Spearman rank coefficient of correlation was applied to measure the association between ratings and practice-related information. RESULTS: Patient satisfaction results from offline surveys and the patients per doctor ratio in a practice were shown to be significantly associated with online ratings on both PRWs. For one PRW, additional significant associations could be shown between online ratings and cost-related measures for medication, preventative examinations, and one diabetes type 2-related intermediate outcome measure. There again, results from the second PRW showed significant associations with the age of the physicians and the number of patients per practice, four process-related quality measures for diabetes type 2 and asthma, and one cost-related measure for medication. CONCLUSIONS: Several significant associations were found which varied between the PRWs. Patients interested in the satisfaction of other patients with a physician might select a physician on the basis of online ratings. Even though our results indicate associations with some diabetes and asthma measures, but not with coronary heart disease measures, there is still insufficient evidence to draw strong conclusions. The limited number of practices in our study may have weakened our findings.
A descriptive cross-sectional study of cholera at Kakuma and Kalobeyei refugee camps, Kenya in 2018
(2020)
Introduction: cholera is a significant public health concern among displaced populations. Oral cholera vaccines are safe and can effectively be used as an adjunct to prevent cholera in settings with limited access to water and sanitation. Results from this study can inform future consideration for cholera vaccination at Kakuma and Kalobeyei.
Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional study of cholera cases at Kakuma refugee camp and Kalobeyei integrated settlement was carried out between May 2017 to May 2018 (one year). Data were extracted from the medical records and line lists at the cholera treatment centres.
Results: the results found 125 clinically suspected and confirmed cholera cases and one related death (CFR 0.8%). The cumulative incidence of all cases was 0.67 (95% CI=0.56-0.80) cases/1000 persons. Incidence of cholera was higher in children under the age of five 0.94(95% CI=0.63-1.36) cases/1000 persons. Children aged <5 years showed 51% increased risk of cholera compared to those aged ≥5 years (RR=1.51; 95% CI=1.00-2.31, p=0.051). Individuals from the Democratic Republic of Congo had nearly 9-fold risk of reporting cholera (RR=8.62; 95% CI=2.55-37.11, p<0.001) while individuals from South Sudan reported 7 times risk of cholera case compared to those from Somalia (RR=7.39; 95% CI=2.78-27.73, p<0.001).
Conclusion: in addition to the improvement of water, sanitation and hygiene (WaSH), vaccination could be implemented as a short-medium term measure of preventing cholera outbreaks. Age, country of origin and settlement independently predicted the risk of cholera.
In this paper, we consider the route coordination problem in emergency evacuation of large smart buildings. The building evacuation time is crucial in saving lives in emergency situations caused by imminent natural or man-made threats and disasters. Conventional approaches to evacuation route coordination are static and predefined. They rely on evacuation plans present only at a limited number of building locations and possibly a trained evacuation personnel to resolve unexpected contingencies. Smart buildings today are equipped with sensory infrastructure that can be used for an autonomous situation-aware evacuation guidance optimized in real time. A system providing such a guidance can help in avoiding additional evacuation casualties due to the flaws of the conventional evacuation approaches. Such a system should be robust and scalable to dynamically adapt to the number of evacuees and the size and safety conditions of a building. In this respect, we propose a distributed route recommender architecture for situation-aware evacuation guidance in smart buildings and describe its key modules in detail. We give an example of its functioning dynamics on a use case.
The transfer of historically grown monolithic software architectures into modern service-oriented architectures creates a lot of loose coupling points. This can lead to an unforeseen system behavior and can significantly impede those continuous modernization processes, since it is not clear where bottlenecks in a system arise. It is therefore necessary to monitor such modernization processes with an adaptive monitoring concept to be able to correctly record and interpret unpredictable system dynamics. This contribution presents a generic QoS measurement framework for service-based systems. The framework consists of an XML-based specification for the measurement to be performed – the Information Model (IM) – and the QoS System, which provides an execution platform for the IM. The framework will be applied to a standard business process of the German insurance industry, and the concepts of the IM and their mapping to artifacts of the QoS System will be presented. Furtherm ore, design and implementation of the QoS System’s parser and generator module and the generated artifacts are explained in detail, e.g., event model, agents, measurement module and analyzer module.
The transfer of historically grown monolithic software architectures into modern service-oriented architectures creates a lot of loose coupling points. This can lead to an unforeseen system behavior and can significantly impede those continuous modernization processes, since it is not clear where bottlenecks in a system arise. It is therefore necessary to monitor such modernization processes with an adaptive monitoring concept in order to be able to correctly record and interpret unpredictable system dynamics. For this purpose, a general measurement methodology and a specific implementation concept are presented in this work.
Background:
Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare genetic disease and characterized by clinical features such as paroxysmal, recurrent angioedema of the skin, the gastrointestinal tract, and the upper airways. Swelling of the skin occurs primarily in the face, extremities and genitals. Gastrointestinal attacks are accompanied by painful abdominal cramps, vomiting and diarrhea. Due to the low prevalence and the fact that HAE patients often present with rather unspecific symptoms such as abdominal cramps, the final diagnosis is often made after a long delay. The aim of this German-wide survey was to characterize the period between occurrence of first symptoms and final diagnosis regarding self-perceived health, symptom burden and false diagnoses for patients with HAE.
Results:
Overall, 81 patients with HAE were included and participated in the telephone-based survey. Of those, the majority reported their current health status as “good” (47.5%) or “very good” (13.8%), which was observed to be a clear improvement compared to the year before final diagnosis (“good” (16.3%), “very good” (11.3%)). Edema in the extremities (85.2%) and in the gastrointestinal tract (81.5%) were the most currently reported symptoms and occurred earlier than other reported symptoms (mean age at onset 18.1 and 17.8 years, respectively). Misdiagnoses were observed in 50.6% of participating HAE patients with appendicitis and allergy being the most frequently reported misdiagnoses (40.0 and 30.0% of those with misdiagnosis, respectively). Patients with misdiagnosis often received mistreatment (80.0%) with pharmaceuticals and surgical interventions as the most frequently carried out mistreatments (65.6 and 56.3% of those with mistreatment, respectively). The mean observed diagnostic delay was 18.1 years (median 15.0 years). The diagnostic delay was higher in older patients and index patients.
Conclusions:
This study showed that self-perceived status of health for patients is much better once the final correct diagnosis has been made and specific treatment was available. Further challenge in the future will still be to increase awareness for HAE especially in settings which are normally approached by patients at occurrence of first symptoms to assure early referral to specialists and therefore increase the likelihood of receiving an early diagnosis.
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) are popular for indexing library records. We studied the possibility of assigning LCSH automatically by training classifiers for terms used frequently in a large collection of abstracts of the literature on hand and by extracting headings from those abstracts. The resulting classifiers reach an acceptable level of precision, but fail in terms of recall partly because we could only train classifiers for a small number of LCSH. Extraction, i.e., the matching of headings in the text, produces better recall but extremely low precision. We found that combining both methods leads to a significant improvement of recall and a slight improvement of F1 score with only a small decrease in precision.
A Look at Service Meshes
(2021)
Service meshes can be seen as an infrastructure layer for microservice-based applications that are specifically suited for distributed application architectures. It is the goal to introduce the concept of service meshes and its use for microservices with the example of an open source service mesh called Istio. This paper gives an introduction into the service mesh concept and its relation to microservices. It also gives an overview of selected features provided by Istio as relevant to the above concept and provides a small sample setup that demonstrates the core features.
This paper proposes an extended Petri net formalism as a suitable language for composing optimal scheduling problems of industrial production processes with real and binary decision variables. The proposed approach is modular and scalable, as the overall process dynamics and constraints can be collected by parsing of all atomic elements of the net graph. To conclude, we demonstrate the use of this framework for modeling the moulding sand preparation process of a real foundry plant.
Background: After kidney transplantation, immunosuppressive therapy causes impaired cellular immune defense leading to an increased risk of viral complications. Trough level monitoring of immunosuppressants is insufficient to estimate the individual intensity of immunosuppression. We have already shown that virus-specific T cells (Tvis) correlate with control of virus replication as well as with the intensity of immunosuppression. The multicentre IVIST01-trial should prove that additional steering of immunosuppressive and antiviral therapy by Tvis levels leads to better graft function by avoidance of over-immunosuppression (for example, viral infections) and drug toxicity (for example, nephrotoxicity).
Methods/design: The IVIST-trial starts 4 weeks after transplantation. Sixty-four pediatric kidney recipients are randomized either to a non-intervention group that is only treated conservatively or to an intervention group with additional monitoring by Tvis. The randomization is stratified by centre and cytomegalovirus (CMV) prophylaxis. In both groups the immunosuppressive medication (cyclosporine A and everolimus) is adopted in the same target range of trough levels. In the non-intervention group the immunosuppressive therapy (cyclosporine A and everolimus) is only steered by classical trough level monitoring and the antiviral therapy of a CMV infection is performed according to a standard protocol. In contrast, in the intervention group the dose of immunosuppressants is individually adopted according to Tvis levels as a direct measure of the intensity of immunosuppression in addition to classical trough level monitoring. In case of CMV infection or reactivation the antiviral management is based on the individual CMV-specific immune defense assessed by the CMV-Tvis level. Primary endpoint of the study is the glomerular filtration rate 2 years after transplantation; secondary endpoints are the number and severity of viral infections and the incidence of side effects of immunosuppressive and antiviral drugs.
Discussion: This IVIST01-trial will answer the question whether the new concept of steering immunosuppressive and antiviral therapy by Tvis levels leads to better future graft function. In terms of an effect-related drug monitoring, the study design aims to realize a personalization of immunosuppressive and antiviral management after transplantation. Based on the IVIST01-trial, immunomonitoring by Tvis might be incorporated into routine care after kidney transplantation.
HOXA9 and MEIS1 are frequently upregulated in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), including those with MLL‐rearrangement. Because of their pivotal role in hemostasis, HOXA9 and MEIS1 appear non‐druggable. We, thus, interrogated gene expression data of pre‐leukemic (overexpressing Hoxa9) and leukemogenic (overexpressing Hoxa9 and Meis1; H9M) murine cell lines to identify cancer vulnerabilities. Through gene expression analysis and gene set enrichment analyses, we compiled a list of 15 candidates for functional validation. Using a novel lentiviral multiplexing approach, we selected and tested highly active sgRNAs to knockout candidate genes by CRISPR/Cas9, and subsequently identified a H9M cell growth dependency on the cytosolic phospholipase A2 (PLA2G4A). Similar results were obtained by shRNA‐mediated suppression of Pla2g4a. Remarkably, pharmacologic inhibition of PLA2G4A with arachidonyl trifluoromethyl ketone (AACOCF3) accelerated the loss of H9M cells in bulk cultures. Additionally, AACOCF3 treatment of H9M cells reduced colony numbers and colony sizes in methylcellulose. Moreover, AACOCF3 was highly active in human AML with MLL rearrangement, in which PLA2G4A was significantly higher expressed than in AML patients without MLL rearrangement, and is sufficient as an independent prognostic marker. Our work, thus, identifies PLA2G4A as a prognostic marker and potential therapeutic target for H9M‐dependent AML with MLL‐rearrangement.
A novel method has been implemented to prepare metal oxide nanopowders covered with known quantities of adsorbed water; we subsequently studied the γ-radiolysis of ZrO2 nanopowders covered with H2O layers. H2 yields from the adsorbed water radiolysis are of importance in multiple industrial contexts – the nuclear industry being a prime example. Measured H2 yields at water coverages of just below and above one monolayer are around 350 times greater than for neat water, but these yields decrease rapidly with increasing water loading of the ZrO2 nanoparticles, approaching the yield of bulk water at coverages of tens of water layers. The observed plateau of the yields at 0.5 to 2.0 monolayers coverage can be explained by the ease with which electronic excitations in the ZrO2 can be transferred across the interface to the first one or two adsorbed water layers. However, with increasing water loading, energy transfer to water layers further away from the interface becomes less efficient, and above ~30 water layers, most of the water is not affected by any exciton formation in the ZrO2.
The Gravitational Search Algorithm is a swarm-based optimization metaheuristic that has been successfully applied to many problems. However, to date little analytical work has been done on this topic.
This paper performs a mathematical analysis of the formulae underlying the Gravitational Search Algorithm. From this analysis, it derives key properties of the algorithm's expected behavior and recommendations for parameter selection. It then confirms through empirical examination that these recommendations are sound.