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Der Essay skizziert die Ideengeschichte eines funktionalisierenden und optimierenden Coachingverständnisses und erschließt dafür Quellen, um damit einen Anstoß für weitere Forschungsarbeiten zu geben. Dabei ist der Beitrag nur eine erste diskursanalytische Annäherung, weil Coachingverständnisse hochgradig heterogen sind, für die frühe Geschichte der Supervision nur ein unzureichender Forschungsstand vorliegt, insbesondere in Hinblick auf ihre Ideengeschichte und die erschlossenen Quellen, und sich die Entwicklung nur in der Analyse der komplexen und vielsprachigen wissenschaftlichen und praktischen Austauschprozesse insbesondere zwischen den USA und dem westlichen Europa rekonstruieren lässt. Für die Forschung wurden zahlreiche Quellen zwischen 1950 und 1980 erschlossen. Es kann gezeigt werden, dass sich einzelne Konzeptbestandteile von Coaching bereits zwischen 1945 und 1975 im Diskurs um Praxisberatung und Supervision im Kontext der Sozialen Arbeit (Social Casework, Groupwork) nachweisen lassen. Offen bleibt, ob sich Coaching unabhängig davon oder darauf aufbauend entwickelt hat. Eine systematisierte Forschung zu diesen Zusammenhängen steht aus.
Background:
Promoting patient and occupational safety are two key challenges for hospitals. When aiming to improve these two outcomes synergistically, psychosocial working conditions, leadership by hospital management and supervisors, and perceptions of patient and occupational safety climate have to be considered. Recent studies have shown that these key topics are interrelated and form a critical foundation for promoting patient and occupational safety in hospitals. So far, these topics have mainly been studied independently from each other. The present study investigated hospital staffs’ perceptions of four different topics: (1) psychosocial working conditions, (2) leadership, (3) patient safety climate, and (4) occupational safety climate. We present results from a survey in two German university hospitals aiming to detect differences between nurses and physicians.
Methods:
We performed a cross-sectional study using a standardized paper-based questionnaire. The survey was conducted with nurses and physicians to assess the four topics. The instruments mainly consisted of scales of the German version of the COPSOQ (Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire), one scale of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI), scales to assess leadership and transformational leadership, scales to assess patient safety climate using the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSPSC), and analogous items to assess occupational safety climate.
Results:
A total of 995 completed questionnaires out of 2512 distributed questionnaires were returned anonymously. The overall response rate was 39.6%. The sample consisted of 381 physicians and 567 nurses. We found various differences with regard to the four topics. In most of the COPSOQ and the HSPSC-scales, physicians rated psychosocial working conditions and patient safety climate more positively than nurses. With regard to occupational safety, nurses
indicated higher occupational risks than physicians.
Conclusions:
The WorkSafeMed study combined the assessment of the four topics psychosocial working conditions, leadership, patient safety climate, and occupational safety climate in hospitals. Looking at the four topics provides an overview of where improvements in hospitals may be needed for nurses and physicians. Based on these results,
improvements in working conditions, patient safety climate, and occupational safety climate are required for health care professionals in German university hospitals – especially for nurses.
Correction to: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-018-3862-7
In the original publication of this article, the authors missed that reverse coding was necessary for the item “Do you work separate from your colleagues?” before calculating the scale ‘social relations’. So they corrected the analysis accordingly. The results with the revised scale show that there are no longer any significant differences between nurses and physicians with regard to this scale.