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„Foucault im Jobcenter“ : Supervision in einem widersprüchlichen gesellschaftlichen Feld (Teil 1) (2017)

Griewatz, Hans-Peter ; Walpuski, Volker Jörn

Erwerbsarbeit ist nach wie vor der wichtigste Faktor gesellschaftlicher Teilhabe. Jobcenter erfüllen aus diesem Grund eine wichtige gesellschaftliche Funktion. Aufgrund ihrer verwickelten und konfliktreichen Geschichte ist ihre gesellschaftliche Verortung schwierig. Jobcenter sind bisher, trotz ihrer Größe und gesellschaftlichen Relevanz für maßgebliche Bevölkerungsteile, kaum beratungswissenschaftlich untersucht worden. Unserer Ansicht scheint es notwendig zu sein, sich intensiver mit dem gesellschaftlichen Feld der Jobcenter zu beschäftigten: Zum einen, weil Beratung selbst eine herausgehobene Bedeutung im Jobcenter besitzt und zum anderen, weil die Jobcenter ein wichtiges Feld für die Supervision werden könnten. Dieser Artikel soll daher eine erste kasuistische Grundlage für eine kritische Reflexion bieten und wird in zwei Teilen erscheinen. Der erste Teil wird eine grundlagentheoretische Einführung in das Thema sein. Darauf aufbauend rekonstruieren wir in einem zweiten Teil einen Fall aus dem Jobcenter, der in der nächsten Ausgabe der FoRuM Supervision unter dem Titel ‚Fallverstehen und Fallrekonstruktion‘ analysiert und reflektiert werden wird.

Ökonomisierung in der Beratung? Zur Notwendigkeit gesellschaftspolitischer Diskurse im Hinblick auf Supervision und Coaching (2015)

Austermann, Frank

Verschriftlichung des Grußworts auf der Fachtagung „Supervision im Suppenküchenstaat - Zur Ökonomisierung der Sozialen Arbeit im Spiegel von Supervision und Coaching“ (Friedberg, 20.10.2014)

Ökonomische Aspekte verschiedener Butterherstellungsverfahren (1979)

Brehm, K.-P.

Zur Beurteilung der Wirtschaftlichkeit zweier Verfahren der Butterherstellung wurden Kostenanalysen erstellt.

Zur rechten Zeit : Fertigung planen und steuern mit Softwarebausteinen für die Logistik (1992)

Binner, Hartmut F.

Unternehmen, die schnell auf veränderte Marktsituationen reagieren müssen, benötigen eine funktionierende Logistik, die eine Klammerfunktion für alle betrieblichen Bereiche ausübt. Kernstück eines Logistikkonzepts ist das PPS-System, das sich mit Hilfe zeitgemäßer Software immer mehr zur maßgeschneiderten Lösung entwickelt. Ein Weg, um Logistikmodule anforderungsgerecht einzuführen, lässt sich anhand eines besonderen Cim-Modells verdeutlichen, dessen letzter Arbeitsschritt das Auswählen von Hardware und Software ist.

Zur Ermittlung der Personalkosten je geleistete Arbeitsstunde im Rahmen von Molkereiabteilungskalkulationen (1976)

Brehm, K.-P. ; Krell, E.

Der Aufsatz befasst sich mit der Ermittlung von Personalkosten für verschiedene Lohngruppen in Molkereiproduktionsabteilungen.

Zukunftsorientierte Logistik durch elektronischen Leitstandeinsatz im PPS-System (1989)

Binner, Hartmut F.

Im Artikel wird erklärt, dass durch die Einführung eines elektronischen Leitstandeinsatzes im PPS-System eine zukunftsorientierte Logistik entstehen kann.

Zukunftsforschung und strategische Vorausschau für die Landwirtschaft (2017)

Clasen, Michael

In diesem Artikel wird die strategische Vorausschau als eine Methode der Zukunftsforschung vorgestellt. Die entwickelten Szenarien können Entscheidern helfen, besser auf zukünftige Entwicklungen vorbereitet zu sein. Die GIL könnte eine Plattform sein, um Trends in der Landwirtschaft und Agrarinformatik zu identifizieren.

Zu den demokratischen, emanzipatorischen und internationalen Wurzeln der Profession Supervision am Beispiel von Cora Baltussens Beratungsverständnis (2019)

Austermann, Frank

Mit Blick auf Cora Baltussens Leben, Wirken und Beratungsverständnis werden die demokratischen, emanzipatorischen und internationalen Wurzeln der Rezeption der Profession Supervision in Deutschland in den 1950er und 1960er Jahren betont. Das ist besonders notwendig angesichts kritischer Weiterentwicklungen von Supervision und Coaching, bei denen die professionsethischen Grundlagenfragen zum Teil aus dem Blick geraten.

Zeitpunktgerechte Fertigungssteuerung erfüllt logistische Zielsetzungen (1989)

Binner, Hartmut F.

Im Artikel geht es um den fakt, dass logistische Zielsetzungen erfüllt weren können, wenn eine zeitpunktgerechte Fertigungssteuerung vorhanden ist.

Wissensmanagement und Balanced Scorecard (2003)

Wollschläger, Martin

Die Arbeit befasst sich allgemein mit Wissensmanagement und der Balanced Scorecard (BSC). Ziel der Arbeit war es, darzustellen, welche Systeme auf BSC-Basis das Controlling von Wissensmanagement-Aktivitäten ermöglichen.

Wissen im Doppelpack : Fallbasierte Expertensystemshell CBR Express (1992)

Schult, Thomas J.

Die fallbasierte Expertensystemshell CBR Express wird vorgestellt.

Wie funktioniert Veränderung? Interne Kommunikation als Schlüsselfaktor (2002)

Buchholz, Ulrike

Ob Veränderungsprojekte in Organisationen erfolgreich sind, hängt entscheidend davon ab, ob und wie die entwickelten Lösungen von den betroffenen Mitarbeitern angenommen und umgesetzt werden. Es sind nicht wirklich die Unternehmen, die sich verändern: Der Wandel muss in und mit den Menschen in den Unternehmen stattfinden. Dies kann aber nur durch Überzeugung gelingen und zwar im wesentlichen herbeigeführt durch Kommunikation. Von Bedeutung sind jedoch nicht so sehr die Massenmedien wie die Mitarbeiterzeitschrift, Broschüren oder das Intranet. Mit ihnen wird der Veränderungsprozess angestoßen und laufend unterstützt. Entscheidend für seinen Erfolg oder Misserfolg ist jedoch die geplante und organisierte persönliche Kommunikation vor allem zwischen dem Management und den Mitarbeitern. Führungskräfte müssen sich ihrer Rolle als Meinungsführer und Meinungsbildner bewusst werden und entsprechend handeln. Dazu gehört auch das Kommunikationsmanagement und der phasengerechte Einsatz von Kommunikationsinstrumenten zum gewünschten Zweck.

Which Benefits Are Mentioned Most Often in Drug Development Publications? (2017)

Strüver, Vanessa

Objectives: The aim was to identify theoretically expected as well as actually reported benefits from drug development and the importance of individual patient benefits compared to the collective benefits to society in general. Background: Ethical guidelines require that clinical research involving humans offer the potential for benefit. A number of characteristics can be applied to define research benefit. Often benefit is categorized as being either direct or indirect. Indirect benefits can involve collective benefits for society rather than any benefits to the trial patient or subject. The purpose of this review was to examine which potential individual and societal benefits were mentioned as being expected in publications from government experts and which were mentioned in publications describing completed drug development trial results. Methods: Literature on research benefit was first identified by searching the PubMed database using several combinations of the key words benefit and clinical research. The search was limited to articles published in English. A Google search with the same combinations of key words but without any language limitation was then performed. Additionally, the reference lists of promising articles were screened for further thematically related articles. Finally, a narrative review was performed of relevant English- and German-language articles published between 1996 and 2016 to identify which of several potential benefits were either theoretically expected or which were mentioned in publications on clinical drug development trial results. Results: The principal benefits from drug development discussed included 2 main types of benefit, namely individual benefits for the patients and collective benefits for society. Twenty-one of an overall total of 26 articles discussing theoretically expected benefits focused on individual patient benefits, whereas 17 out of 26 articles mentioned collective benefits to society. In these publications, the most commonly mentioned theoretically expected individual patient benefit was the chance to receive up-to-date care (38.1%). A general increase in knowledge about health care, treatments, or drugs (70.6%) was the most commonly mentioned theoretically expected benefit for society. In contrast, all 13 publications reporting actual benefits of clinical drug development trials focused on personal benefits and only 1 of these publications also mentioned a societal benefit. The most commonly mentioned individual benefit was an increased quality of life (53.9%), whereas the only mentioned collective benefit to society was a general gain of knowledge (100.0%). Conclusions: Both theoretically expected and actually reported benefits in the majority of the included publications emphasized the importance of individual patient benefits from drug development rather than the collective benefits to society in general. The authors of these publications emphasized the right of each individual patient or subject to look for and expect some personal benefit from participating in a clinical trial rather than considering societal benefit as a top priority. From an ethical point of view, the benefits each individual patient receives from his or her participation in a clinical trial might also be seen as a societal benefit, especially when the drug or device tested, if approved for marketing, would eventually be made available for other similar patients from the country in which the clinical trial was conducted.

Wearable sensors in healthcare and sensor-enhanced health information systems: all our tomorrows? (2012)

Marschollek, Michael ; Gietzelt, Matthias ; Schulze, Mareike ; Kohlmann, Martin ; Song, Bianying ; Wolf, Klaus-Hendrik

Wearable sensor systems which allow for remote or self-monitoring of health-related parameters are regarded as one means to alleviate the consequences of demographic change. This paper aims to summarize current research in wearable sensors as well as in sensor-enhanced health information systems. Wearable sensor technologies are already advanced in terms of their technical capabilities and are frequently used for cardio-vascular monitoring. Epidemiologic predictions suggest that neuro-psychiatric diseases will have a growing impact on our health systems and thus should be addressed more intensively. Two current project examples demonstrate the benefit of wearable sensor technologies: long-term, objective measurement under daily-life, unsupervised conditions. Finally, up-to-date approaches for the implementation of sensor-enhanced health information systems are outlined. Wearable sensors are an integral part of future pervasive, ubiquitous and person-centered health care delivery. Future challenges include their integration into sensor-enhanced health information systems and sound evaluation studies involving measures of workload reduction and costs.

Was macht die Universität aus ihren Bologna-Studierenden? (2011)

König, Kirsten

Der folgende Beitrag fasst die jüngsten Ergebnisse einer Studierendenbefragung zusammen, die im Rahmen des BMBF-geförderten Forschungsprojekts „ZEITLast: Lehrzeit und Lernzeit: Studierbarkeit der BA-/BSc- und MA-/MSc- Studiengänge als Adaption von Lehrorganisation und Zeitmanagement unter Berücksichtigung von Fächerkultur und Neuen Technologien“ im Wintersemester 2010/2011 in den beiden Studiengängen „Informationsmanagement und Informationstechnologie“ und „Polyvalenter 2-Fächer-Bachelor-Studiengang mit Lehramtsoption“ an der Stiftung Universität Hildesheim durchgeführt wurde. Dieser Befragung ging in beiden Studiengängen eine Zeitbudgeterhebung voraus. Zentrale Ergebnisse werden im Folgenden vorgestellt und im Weiteren exemplarisch in den wissenschaftlichen Diskurs eingebunden. Deutlich wird, dass das Gefühl von Belastung nicht auf die reine Zeitinvestition in das Studium zurückzuführen ist, sondern auch in engem Zusammenhang mit der vorherrschenden Lehrorganisation an der Hochschule und den eigenen studentischen Kompetenzen zu sehen ist.

Wartung mit ins Logistik-Konzept! (1989)

Binner, Hartmut F.

Ausfall- und Ausfallfolgekosten sowie Wiederanlauf- und Zusatzlaufkosten zwingen auch nach betriebswirtschaftlichen Gesichtspunkten die Unternehmen, die Bedeutung und den Umfang der Instandhaltungsaktivitäten höher als bisher einzuschätzen. Der Artikel befasst sich mit der Fragen, warum die Wartung mit in das Logistik-Konzept aufgenommen werden soll.

Walking balance is mediated by muscle strength and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: an observational study (2018)

Ibeneme, Sam C. ; Ekanem, C. ; Ezuma, A. ; Iloanusi, N. ; Lasebikan, N.N. ; Lasebikan, O.A. ; Oboh, O.E.

Background: Depletion of ovarian hormone in postmenopausal women has been associated with changes in the locomotor apparatus that may compromise walking function including muscle atrophy/weakness, weight gain, and bone demineralization. Therefore, handgrip strength (HGS), bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition [percentage body fat mass (%BFM), fat mass (FM), Fat-free mass (FFM) and body mass index (BMI)], may significantly vary and predict WB in postmenopausal women. Consequently, the study sought to 1. Explore body composition, BMD and muscle strength differences between premenopausal and postmenopausal women and 2. Explore how these variables [I.e., body composition, BMD and muscle strength] relate to WB in postmenopausal women. Method: Fifty-one pre-menopausal (35.74 + 1.52) and 50 postmenopausal (53.32 + 2.28) women were selected by convenience sampling and studied. Six explanatory variables (HGS, BMD, %BFM, FFM, BMI and FM) were explored to predict WB in postmenopausal women: Data collected were analyzed using multiple linear regression, ANCOVA, independent t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient at p < 0.05. Result: Postmenopausal women had higher BMI(t = + 1.72; p = 0.04), %BFM(t = + 2.77; p = .003), FM(t = + 1.77; p = 0.04) and lower HGS(t = − 3.05; p = 0.001),compared to the premenopausal women. The predicted main effect of age on HGS was not significant, F(1, 197) = 0.03, p = 0.06, likewise the interaction between age and %BFM, F(1, 197) = 0.02, p = 0.89; unlike the predicted main effect of %BFM, F(1, 197) = 10.34, p = .002, on HGS. HGS was the highest predictor of WB (t = 2.203; β=0.3046) in postmenopausal women and combined with T-score right big toe (Tscorert) to produce R2 = 0.11;F (2, 47)=4.11;p = 0.02 as the best fit for the predictive model. The variance (R2) change was significant from HGS model (R2 = 0.09;p = 0.03) to HGS + Tscorert model (R2 = 0.11;p = 0.02). The regression model equation was therefore given as: WB =5.4805 + 0.1578(HGS) + (− 1.3532) Tscorert. Conclusion: There are differences in body composition suggesting re-compartmentalization of the body, which may adversely impact the (HGS) muscle strength in postmenopausal women. Muscle strength and BMD areassociated with WB, although, only contribute to a marginal amount of the variance for WB. Therefore, other factors in addition to musculoskeletal health are necessary to mitigate fall risk in postmenopausal women.

virtX: ein Lehr- und Lernsystem für mobile Röntgengeräte zur Verbesserung der Ausbildung im Strahlenschutz (2009)

Wagner, Markus ; Duwenkamp, Christopher ; Ahrens, Christoph Alexander ; Plischke, Maik ; Stürmer, Klaus Michael ; Dresing, Klaus ; Bott, Oliver J.

Hintergrund und Fragestellung: Die durch röntgentechnische Diagnoseverfahren in der Medizin entstehende Strahlenbelastung für Patient und Personal soll laut Strahlenschutzverordnung so gering wie möglich gehalten werden. Um dieses zu erreichen ist ein professioneller und bedachter Umgang mit den Röntgengeräten unabdingbar. Dieses Verhalten kann derzeit jedoch nur theoretisch vermittelt werden, da sich ein Üben mit realer Strahlung von selbst verbietet. Daher stellt sich die Frage wie man die Strahlenschutzausbildung durch eine verbesserte Vermittlung der komplexen Thematik unterstützen kann. Methoden: Das CBT-System (Computer Based Training) virtX, welches das Erlernen der korrekten Handhabung mobiler Röntgengeräte unterstützt, wurde um Aspekte aus dem Bereich des Strahlenschutzes erweitert. Es wurde eine prototypische Visualisierung der entstehenden Streustrahlung sowie die Darstellung des Nutzstrahlenganges integriert. Des Weiteren wurde die Berechnung und Anzeige der virtuellen Einfallsdosis für das durchstrahlte Volumen sowie für den Bereich des Bildverstärkers hinzugefügt. Für die Berechnung und Visualisierung all dieser Komponenten werden die in virtX parametrisierbaren C-Bogen-Einstellungen, z.B. Stellung der Blenden, Positionierung des Röntgengerätes zum durchstrahlten Volumen und Strahlenintensität, herangezogen. Das so erweiterte System wurde auf einem dreitägigen Kurs für OP-Personal mit über 120 Teilnehmern eingesetzt und auf der Basis von Fragebögen evaluiert. Ergebnisse: Von den Teilnehmern gaben 55 einen ausgefüllten Evaluations-Fragebogen ab (Responserate 82%). Das Durchschnittsalter der 39 weiblichen und 15 männlichen Teilnehmer (einer o.A.) lag bei 33±8 Jahren, die Berufserfahrung bei 9,37±7 Jahren. Die Erfahrung mit dem C-Bogen wurde von einem Teilnehmer (2%) mit „Keine oder bisher nur Einführung erhalten“, von acht Teilnehmern (14%) mit „bediene einen C-Bogen gelegentlich“ und von 46 (84%) mit „bediene einen C-Bogen regelmäßig“ angegeben. 45 (92%) der Teilnehmer gaben an, durch die Visualisierung der Streustrahlung etwas Neues zur Vermeidung unnötiger Strahlenbelastung dazugelernt zu haben. Schlussfolgerung: Trotz einer bislang nur prototypischen Visualisierung der Streustrahlung können mit virtX zentrale Aspekte und Verhaltensweisen zur Vermeidung unnötiger Strahlenbelastung erfolgreich vermittelt werden und so Lücken der traditionellen Strahlenschutzausbildung geschlossen werden.

virtX - Ein rechnergestütztes System zum Training des intraoperativen Einsatzes eines mobilen Bildverstärkers (2006)

Bott, Oliver J. ; Wagner, Markus ; Teistler, Michael ; Duwenkamp, Christopher ; Ahrens, Christoph Alexander ; Grobe, Jan-Henrik ; Kimmel, Robert ; Lörchner, Andre ; Raab, Björn ; Stürmer, Klaus Michael ; Pretschner, Dietrich Peter ; Dresing, Klaus

Hintergrund und Fragestellung: Die korrekte intraoperative Positionierung und Einstellung eines mobilen Bildverstärkers (auch C-Bogen) kann zurzeit theoretisch mit Hilfe von Lehrbüchern erlernt, am Gerät selbst aber nur ohne visuelle Rückmeldung, d.h. ohne ein zur Ausrichtung korrespondierendes Röntgenbild, trainiert werden. Hieraus ergibt sich die Fragestellung, inwiefern das Training der Handhabung und richtigen Einstellung des C-Bogens in verschiedenen Operationsszenarien durch ein C-Bogen Simulationssystem als Teil eines CBT-Systems (Computer Based Training) unterstützt werden kann. Methoden: In Kooperation mit Ärzten aus Unfallchirurgie und Radiologie wurde das computer-basierte Trainingssystem virtX entwickelt. virtX kann dem Nutzer verschiedene Aufgaben zur Einstellung eines C-Bogens stellen und die Ausführung und das Ergebnis bewerten. Die Aufgaben können mit Hilfe eines Autorensystems erstellt und vom Trainierenden in verschiedenen Modi erfüllt werden: im rein virtuellen Modus oder im kombinierten virtuell-realen Modus. Im rein virtuellen Modus steuert der Nutzer den virtuellen C-Bogen in einem virtuellen OP-Saal mittels einer grafisch-interaktiven Benutzungsoberfläche. Im virtuell-realen Modus hingegen wird die Ausrichtung eines realen C-Bogens erfasst und auf den virtuellen C-Bogen übertragen. Während der Aufgabenerfüllung kann der Benutzer zu jeder Zeit ein realitätsnahes, virtuelles Röntgenbild erzeugen und dabei alle Parameter wie Blendenstellung, Röntgenintensität, etc. wie bei einem realen C-Bogen steuern. virtX wurde auf einem dreitägigen Kurs für OP-Personal mit 120 Teilnehmern eingesetzt und auf der Basis von Fragebögen evaluiert. Ergebnisse: Von den Teilnehmern gaben 79 einen ausgefüllten Evaluations-Fragebogen ab. Das Durchschnittsalter der 62 weiblichen und 15 männlichen Teilnehmer (zwei o.A.) lag bei 34 ± 9 Jahren, die Berufserfahrung bei 8,3 ± 7,6 Jahren. 18 Personen (23%) gaben an, gelegentlich mit einem C-Bogen zu arbeiten, 61 (77%) arbeiteten regelmäßig damit. Über 83% der befragten Teilnehmer empfanden virtX als eine sinnvolle Ergänzung zur herkömmlichen Ausbildung am C-Bogen. Das virtuelle Röntgen wurde mit einer Zustimmung von 91% der befragten Teilnehmer als besonders wichtig für das Verständnis der Arbeitsweise eines C-Bogens beurteilt. Ebenso erhielt der kombinierte virtuell-reale Modus mit 84% Zustimmung einen vergleichsweise hohen Stellenwert. Schlussfolgerung: Die Befragung zeichnet ein positives Bild der Akzeptanz des virtX-System als substanzielle Ergänzung zur herkömmlichen Ausbildung am C-Bogen.

Veränderung erzeugt Widerstand : Ein Bericht von der Mitgliederversammlung der DGSv vom 26. September 2020 in Hannover (2021)

Walpuski, Volker Jörn

Die Mitgliederversammlung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Supervision und Coaching e. V. (DGSv) stand 2020 äußerlich im Zeichen von Covid-19 und damit Social Distancing, inhaltlich im Zeichen der konsequenten Fortführung begonnener Strategie- und Modernisierungsprozesse des Berufs- und Fachverbandes. Gleichzeitig aktualisierten diese Prozesse die Identitätsfrage des Verbandes.

Verbesserung der Lieferfähigkeit (1992)

Binner, Hartmut F.

Die Schaffung eines marktorientierten Lieferspektrums für eine optimale Marktversorgung stellt erhöhte Anforderungen an die Planung und Steuerung des Auftragsabwicklungsprozesses. Über ein betriebsspezifisch entwickeltes Logistikkonzept mit einer anforderungsgerechten CIM-Werkzeuganwahl lassen sich die vorhandenen Probleme, ein volles Fertigwarenlager mit nicht nachgefragten Fertigartikeln, lösen.

Usability Testing of Visual Policy Evaluation for Network Security Event Detection (2020)

Ahlers, Volker ; Hellmann, Bastian

The network security framework VisITMeta allows the visual evaluation and management of security event detection policies. By means of a "what-if" simulation the sensitivity of policies to specific events can be tested and adjusted. This paper presents the results of a user study for testing the usability of the approach by measuring the correct completion of given tasks as well as the user satisfaction by means of the system usability scale.

Urteil des EuGH : Gleichbehandlung, Inhalt und Umfang des Schadensersatzanspruchs bei Diskriminierungen aufgrund des Geschlechts, Marshall II (1994)

Dieball, Heike

Unternehmensseitige Voraussetzungen zur Einführung von PPS-Systemen (1987)

Binner, Hartmut F.

Die Einführung von EDV-Systemen zur Steuerung und Überwachung des Produktionsprozesses, also in erster Linie PPS (Produktions-Planungs- und -Steuerungs-Systeme) und BDE (Betriebsdatenerfassungs-Systeme) ist im allgemeinen mit einem grossen Arbeits- und Kostenaufwand verbunden, wobei die Effizienz der implementierten Systeme häufig nicht den Erwartungen der Nutzer entspricht. Dies trifft besonders auf die Klein- und Mittelbetriebe zu, weil dort innerhalb der Betriebsorganisation keine Planstellen für EDV-Spezialisten vorgesehen sind, die bei der Umstellung auf eine EDV-Organisation helfen könnten. Diese Stellen liessen sich mit der alleinigen Erledigung von betrieblichen EDV-Aufgaben bei dieser Betriebsgrösse auch nicht wirtschaftlich rechnen. Es muss also vor einer solchen Einführung bereits klar sein, wie aus betriebsorganisatorischer Sicht die EDV mit den vorhandenen Mitarbeitern in den Betriebsprozess einzugliedern ist.

Unforced Errors bei Studien- und Abschlussarbeiten : Hinweise zur Endredaktion (2020)

Disterer, Georg

Vor der Abgabe einer Studien- oder Abschlussarbeit ist dringend eine sorgfältige Überarbeitung in Form einer Endredaktion vorzunehmen, um eine gute Bewertung der Arbeit nicht zu gefährden. Dies ist einfach; denn das Vorgehen ist schlicht und wenig aufwändig. Daher wäre es besonders ärgerlich, einfache Fehler nicht zu beheben und dafür Abzüge bei der Bewertung der Arbeit hinzunehmen. Für eine Endredaktion wird hiermit eine Anleitung vorgelegt.

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Risk Evaluation and Advice in Undergraduate Students in Ashrafieh, Lebanon (2016)

Fneish, Firas

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic lifestyle disease. It has become evident that T2DM occurs even among the younger age groups.1 In Lebanon, T2DM has a major public health impact through high disease prevalence, significant downstream pathophysiologic effects, and enormous financial liabilities.2

Transformational Ethics: The Concept of Obedience in Post-Conciliar Jesuit Thinking (2019)

Schnoor, Antje

The paper sheds light on the change in the concept of obedience within the Society of Jesus since the 1960s. In the aftermath of the Second Vatican Council, a so-called crisis of authority and obedience took place in the Catholic Church and the religious orders. As a consequence, the notions of responsibility and conscience came to the fore in the Jesuit definition of obedience. The religious concept of obedience, that is the obedience towards God, was reassessed as a service to humanity. The paper analyzes how the change in the concept of obedience gave rise to the promotion of social justice, which the Society of Jesus proclaimed at General Congregation 32 in 1974/75. By including the promotion of social justice into their central mission, Jesuits not only fundamentally transformed their self-conception, but also their ethical values. The paper argues that the pursuit of social justice became a form of religious obedience.

Towards a tractography-based risk stratification model for language area associated gliomas (2021)

Tuncer, Mehmet Salih ; Salvati, Luca Francesco ; Grittner, Ulrike ; Hardt, Juliane ; Schilling, Ralph ; Bährend, Ina ; Silva, Luca Leandro ; Fekonja, Lucius S. ; Faust, Katharina ; Vajkoczy, Peter ; Rosenstock, Tizian ; Picht, Thomas

Objectives: Injury to major white matter pathways during language-area associated glioma surgery often leads to permanent loss of neurological function. The aim was to establish standardized tractography of language pathways as a predictor of language outcome in clinical neurosurgery. Methods: We prospectively analyzed 50 surgical cases of patients with left perisylvian, diffuse gliomas. Standardized preoperative Diffusion-Tensor-Imaging (DTI)-based tractography of the 5 main language tracts (Arcuate Fasciculus [AF], Frontal Aslant Tract [FAT], Inferior Fronto-Occipital Fasciculus [IFOF], Inferior Longitudinal Fasciculus [ILF], Uncinate Fasciculus [UF]) and spatial analysis of tumor and tracts was performed. Postoperative imaging and the resulting resection map were analyzed for potential surgical injury of tracts. The language status was assessed preoperatively, postoperatively and after 3 months using the Aachen Aphasia Test and Berlin Aphasia Score. Correlation analyses, two-step cluster analysis and binary logistic regression were used to analyze associations of tractography results with language outcome after surgery. Results: In 14 out of 50 patients (28%), new aphasic symptoms were detected 3 months after surgery. The preoperative infiltration of the AF was associated with functional worsening (cc = 0.314; p = 0.019). Cluster analysis of tract injury profiles revealed two areas particularly related to aphasia: the temporo-parieto-occipital junction (TPO; temporo-parietal AF, middle IFOF, middle ILF) and the temporal stem/peri-insular white matter (middle IFOF, anterior ILF, temporal UF, temporal AF). Injury to these areas (TPO: OR: 23.04; CI: 4.11 – 129.06; temporal stem: OR: 21.96; CI: 2.93 – 164.41) was associated with a higher-risk of persisting aphasia. Conclusions: Tractography of language pathways can help to determine the individual aphasia risk profile presurgically. The TPO and temporal stem/peri-insular white matter were confirmed as functional nodes particularly sensitive to surgical injuries.

Toward a service-based workflow for automated information extraction from herbarium specimens (2018)

Kirchhoff, Agnes ; Bügel, Ulrich ; Santamaria, Eduard ; Reimeier, Fabian ; Röpert, Dominik ; Tebbje, Alexander ; Güntsch, Anton ; Chaves, Fernando ; Steinke, Karl-Heinz ; Berendsohn, Walter

Over the past years, herbarium collections worldwide have started to digitize millions of specimens on an industrial scale. Although the imaging costs are steadily falling, capturing the accompanying label information is still predominantly done manually and develops into the principal cost factor. In order to streamline the process of capturing herbarium specimen metadata, we specified a formal extensible workflow integrating a wide range of automated specimen image analysis services. We implemented the workflow on the basis of OpenRefine together with a plugin for handling service calls and responses. The evolving system presently covers the generation of optical character recognition (OCR) from specimen images, the identification of regions of interest in images and the extraction of meaningful information items from OCR. These implementations were developed as part of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft funded a standardised and optimised process for data acquisition from digital images of herbarium specimens (StanDAP-Herb) Project.

Third-Party-Elemente in deutschen Bibliothekswebseiten (2016)

Hauschke, Christian

4753 Webseiten wurden mit der Open-Source-Software webXray auf die Einbindung von Elementen untersucht, durch die Dritte über den Abruf einer Webseite durch einen Browser von einem Server informiert werden können. 54,77 % der analysierten Webseiten wiesen solche Third Party Elements (TPE) auf. 18,94 % setzten Cookies ein, 44,81 % banden Javascript von Drittanbietern ein. Google-Services dominieren die TPE-Anbieterliste, sie werden in 30,02 % der untersuchten Webseiten verwendet

The principle of benefit from drug development for patients in clinical research (2016)

Strüver, Vanessa

From an ethical perspective, clinical research involving humans is only acceptable if it involves the potential for benefit. Various characteristics can be applied to differentiate research benefit. Often benefit is categorized in direct or indirect benefit, whereby indirect benefit might be further differentiated in collective or benefit for the society, excluding or including the trial patient in the long term. Ethical guidelines, such as the Declaration of Helsinki in its latest version, do not precisely favor a particular type of benefit.

The challenge of extra-intra craniometry: a computer-assisted three-dimensional approach on the equine skull (2017)

Lang, A. ; Brucker, P. ; Ludwig, M. ; Wrede, Tibor ; Theunert, Joscha ; Gasse, H.

Background: The topographical correlations between certain extracranial and intracranial osseous points of interest (POIs), and their age-related changes, are indispensable to know for a diagnostical or surgical access to intracranial structures; however, they are difficult to assess with conventional devices. Materials and methods: In this pilot study, the 3-dimensional coordinates of extra-/intracranial POIs were determined, thus avoiding perspective distortions that used to be intrinsic problems in 2-dimensional morphometry. The data sets were then analysed by creating virtual triangles. The sizes, shapes, and positions of these triangles described the extent and the directions of the age-related shifts of the POIs. A selection of extracranial and intracranial POIs were marked on half skulls of four warmblood horses in two age groups (young: 6 weeks, n = 2; old: 14 and 17 years, n = 2). The x-, y-, and z-coordinates of these POIs were determined with a measurement arm (FaroArm Fusion, FARO Europe®). Direct distances between the POIs as well as their indirect distances on the x-, y-, and z-axis, and angles were calculated. Results: The analysed virtual triangles revealed that some parts of the skull grew in size, but did not change in shape/relative proportions (proportional type of growth, as displayed by POI A and POI B at the Arcus zygomaticus). The same POIs (A and B) remained in a very stable relationship to their closest intracranial POI at the Basis cranii on the longitudinal axis, however, shifted markedly in the dorso-lateral direction. In contrast, a disproportional growth of other parts of the cranium was, for example, related to POI C at the Crista nuchae, which shifted strongly in the caudal direction with age. A topographically stable reference point (so-called anchor point) at the Basis cranii was difficult to determine. Conclusions: Two candidates (one at the Synchondrosis intersphenoidalis, another one at the Synchondrosis sphenooccipitalis) were relatively stable in their positions. However, the epicentre of (neuro-)cranial growth could only be pinpointed to an area between them.

The benefits of agreeing on what matters most: Team cooperative norms mediate the effect of co-leaders' shared goals on safety climate in neonatal intensive care units (2018)

Kuntz, Ludwig ; Scholten, Nadine ; Wilhelm, Hendrik ; Wittland, Michael ; Hillen, Hendrik Ansgar

BACKGROUND: Safety climate research suggests that a corresponding climate in work units is crucial for patient safety. Intensive care units are usually co-led by a nurse and a physician, who are responsible for aligning an interprofessional workforce and warrant a high level of safety. Yet, little is known about whether and how these interprofessional co-leaders jointly affect their unit's safety climate. PURPOSE: This empirical study aims to explain differences in the units' safety climate as an outcome of the nurse and physician leaders' degree of shared goals. Specifically, we examine whether the degree to which co-leaders share goals in general fosters a safety climate by pronouncing norms of interprofessional cooperation as a behavioral standard for the team members' interactions. METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: A cross-sectional design was used to gather data from 70 neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in Germany. Survey data for our variables were collected from the unit's leading nurse and the leading physician, as well as from the unit's nursing and physician team members. Hypotheses testing at unit level was conducted using multivariate linear regression. RESULTS: Our analyses show that the extent to which nurse-physician co-leaders share goals covaries with safety climate in NICUs. This relationship is partially mediated by norms of interprofessional cooperation among NICU team members. Our final model accounts for 54% of the variability in safety climate of NICUs. CONCLUSION: Increasing the extent to which co-leaders share goals is an effective lever to strengthen interprofessional cooperation and foster a safety climate among nursing and physician team members of hospital units.

Textroutinen: Erwerb, Förderung und didaktisch-mediale Modellierung. Themenbereich I der 39. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Angewandte Linguistik e.V. (GAL) vom 16.–18. September 2009 in Karlsruhe (2010)

Jost, Jörg ; Weisberg, Jan

Tagungsbericht zum Themenbereich I der 39. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Angewandte Linguistik e.V. (GAL) vom 16.–18. September 2009 in Karlsruhe.

Teaching Information Literacy with the Lerninformationssystem (2006)

Hauschke, Christian ; Ullmann, Nadine

A German university has developed a learning information system to improve information literacy among German students. An online tutorial based on this Lerninformationssystem has been developed. The structure of this learning information system is described, an online tutorial based on it is illustrated, and the different learning styles that it supports are indicated.

Targeted panel sequencing in pediatric primary cardiomyopathy supports a critical role of TNNI3 (2019)

Kühnisch, Jirko ; Herbst, Christopher ; Al-Wakeel-Marquard, Nadya ; Dartsch, Josephine ; Holtgrewe, Manuel ; Baban, Anwar ; Mearini, Giulia ; Hardt, Juliane ; Kolokotronis, Konstantinos ; Gerull, Brenda ; Carrier, Lucie ; Beule, Dieter ; Schubert, Stephan ; Messroghli, Daniel ; Degener, Franziska ; Berger, Felix ; Klaassen, Sabine

The underlying genetic mechanisms and early pathological events of children with primary cardiomyopathy (CMP) are insufficiently characterized. In this study, we aimed to characterize the mutational spectrum of primary CMP in a large cohort of patients ≤18 years referred to a tertiary center. Eighty unrelated index patients with pediatric primary CMP underwent genetic testing with a panel-based next-generation sequencing approach of 89 genes. At least one pathogenic or probably pathogenic variant was identified in 30/80 (38%) index patients. In all CMP subgroups, patients carried most frequently variants of interest in sarcomere genes suggesting them as a major contributor in pediatric primary CMP. In MYH7, MYBPC3, and TNNI3, we identified 18 pathogenic/probably pathogenic variants (MYH7 n = 7, MYBPC3 n = 6, TNNI3 n = 5, including one homozygous (TNNI3 c.24+2T>A) truncating variant. Protein and transcript level analysis on heart biopsies from individuals with homozygous mutation of TNNI3 revealed that the TNNI3 protein is absent and associated with upregulation of the fetal isoform TNNI1. The present study further supports the clinical importance of sarcomeric mutation-not only in adult-but also in pediatric primary CMP. TNNI3 is the third most important disease gene in this cohort and complete loss of TNNI3 leads to severe pediatric CMP.

Tafelgeschäfte : Blackboard-Systeme meistern Komplexität (1993)

Schult, Thomas J.

Vorstellung von Blackboard-Systemen.

Szenisches Spiel (2009)

Oelke, Uta-Karola

Die alltägliche Konfrontation mit gesellschaftlichen Tabus wie Alter, Krankheit, Tod, die Arbeit zwischen "Macht und Ohnmacht" verlangt von den Pflegenden ein hohes Maß an sozialer und personaler Kompetenz. Das szenische Lernen bzw. Spiel ist ein Ansatz, der sich hervorragend zur Förderung dieser Schlüsselqualifikationen eignet. In diesem Aufsatz werden zunächst die allgemein didaktischen Ursprünge und Hintergründe szenischen Lernens bzw. Spiels dargestellt, um anschließend seine pflegedidaktische Auslegung und Akzentuierung zu charakterisieren. Zum Schluss wird anhand der Lerneinheit „Reflexion der praktischen Ausbildung“ aufgezeigt, wie mit ausgewählten szenischen Spielverfahren in der pflegepädagogischen Praxis gearbeitet werden kann.

Systemisches Denken : Dynamische Simulation mit PowerSim (1994)

Schult, Thomas J.

Im Artikel wird PowerSim vorgestellt, ein Programm zur Simulation dynamischer Systeme.

Systematizing IT Risks (2019)

Disterer, Georg

IT risks — risks associated with the operation or use of information technology — have taken on great importance in business, and IT risk management is accordingly important in the science and practice of information management. Therefore, it is necessary to systematize IT risks in order to plan, manage and control for different risk-specific measures. In order to choose and implement suitable measures for managing IT risks, effect-based and causebased procedures are necessary. These procedures are explained in detail for IT security risks because of their special importance.

Systematik der Datenerfassung im Produktionsprozess (1988)

Binner, Hartmut F.

Die technische Entwicklung bei der Datenerfassung und Datenverarbeitung im Betrieb, speziell im Fertigungsprozess, führt zu immer neuen Möglichkeiten der Informationsflussgestaltung.

Synchronisierte Steuerung für ein marktorientiertes Lieferspektrum (1992)

Binner, Hartmut F.

Die Marktentwicklung zu kleineren Losgrößen mit zunehmender Variantenvielfalt stellt gerade an einen Programmfertiger erhebliche Anfordungen, um immer das richtige Lieferspektrum in seinem Fertigwarenlager bereitzuhalten. Die einfachste Möglichkeit, dieses Problem zu lösen, besteht in einer hochflexiblen Produktion, bei der die nachgefragten Artikel in der Kundenausführung sofort nach Auftragseingang gefertigt werden. In der Praxis entstehen aber erhebliche Rückstände, weil keine unbegrenzte Kapazität zur Erledigung dieses Aufgabenberges vorhanden wäre.

Synchronisierte Steuerung für ein marktorientiertes Lieferspektrum (1992)

Binner, Hartmut F.

Der Artikel befasst sich mit der marktorientierten Lieferung von Waren und der Steuerung dieses Prozesses.

Synchroner Leitungsdecodierer für 1B2B-Leitungscodes : Synthese mit Booleschen Funktionstabellen und Automatendiagrammen (1992)

Nocker, Rudolf

"Coded Mark Inversion" (CMI) und "Manchester" (MAN) sind häufig verwendete binäre Leitungscodes. Die Synthese von Decodierer-Schaltungen kann mit Booleschen Funktionstabellen und Automatendiagrammen erfolgen. Diese Daten lassen sich in ein Logiksynthese-Softwarepaket eingeben und liefern als Ergebnis eine standardisierte Datei zur Programmierung eines geeigneten Logikbausteins. Die einzelnen Entwicklungsschritte von der umgangssprachlichen Problembeschreibung bis zur Programmierung sind hier erläutert.

Symptoms of Poststroke Depression among Stroke Survivors: An Appraisal of Psychiatry Needs and Care during Physiotherapy Rehabilitation (2016)

Ibeneme, Sam C. ; Anyachukwu, Canice Chukwudi ; Nwosu, Akachukwu ; Ibeneme, Georgian C. ; Bakare, Muideen ; Fortwengel, Gerhard

Purpose. To identify stroke survivors with symptoms of poststroke depression and the extent of psychiatry needs and care they have received while on physiotherapy rehabilitation. Participants. Fifty stroke survivors (22 females and 28 males) at the outpatient unit of Physiotherapy Department, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, who gave their informed consent, were randomly selected. Their age range and mean age were 26–66 years and 54.76 ± 8.79 years, respectively. Method. A multiple case study of 50 stroke survivors for symptoms of poststroke depression was done with Beck’s Depression Inventory, mini mental status examination tool, and Modified Motor Assessment Scale. The tests were performed independently by the participants except otherwise stated and scored on a scale of 0–6. Data were analyzed using -test for proportional significance and chi-square test for determining relationship between variables, at p < 0.05. Results. Twenty-one (42.0%) stroke survivors had symptoms of PSD, which was significantly dependent on duration of stroke ( = 21.680, df = 6, and p = 0.001), yet none of the participants had a psychiatry review. Conclusions. Symptoms of PSD may be common in cold compared to new cases of stroke and may need psychiatry care while on physiotherapy rehabilitation.

Symposium Haftung von Verbundwerkstoffen und Werkstoffverbunden (1986)

Rasche, Manfred

Am 12. und 13. Juni 1986 fand in Konstanz das Symposium Haftung von Verbundwerkstoffen und Werkstoffverbunden statt. Die Veranstaltung wird in vierjährigem Turnus von der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Metallkunde (DGM) in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Fraunhofer-Institut für angewandte Materialforschung (IFAM) in Bremen ausgerichtet. Als interdisziplinäres Thema stand die Haftung zwischen unterschiedlichen Stoffen auf dem Programm. In 18 Referaten sind Erkenntnisse und Probleme aus unterschiedlichen Arbeitsbereichen vorgetragen worden. Insgesamt nahmen etwas 100 Fachleute aus dem In- und Ausland teil.

Supervision oder Seelsorge - das ist hier die Frage. Ein diskursanalytischer Diskussionsbeitrag zur pastoralpsychologischen Supervision (2012)

Austermann, Frank

Der Autor setzt sich mit der Frage auseinander, ob pastoralpsychologisch ausgebildete Seelsorger/innen besonders geeignet sind, Mitarbeitende in Kirche und Diakonie zu supervidieren? In der Auseinandersetzung mit Vertretern der pastoralpsychologischen Supervision kommt er zu dem Ergebnis, dass die postulierten Vorteile nur dann zum Tragen kommen, wenn die Supervisoren ihre berufsbezogene Beratungstätigkeit von der theologischen Arbeit zu unterscheiden und zu trennen wissen.

Struktureffekte in der Abteilung „Allgemeine Milchbehandlung“ (1990)

Biniasch, A. ; Neitzke, A. ; Wietbrauk, Heinrich

Die Analyse von Struktureffekten in der „Allgemeine Milchbehandlung“ wird anhand zweier Fragen vorgenommen: 1. Welche Effekte hat die Größe der Abteilung auf die Produktionskosten? 2. Welche Kosteneinsparungen hätten - ausgehend von der bundesdeutschen Ist-Struktur milchverarbeitender Betriebsstätten - moderate Strukturveränderungen zur Folge?

Struktureffekte bei der Schnittkäseproduktion. Thesen und Argumente zur Molkereistruktur Teil III (1990)

Krell, E. ; Wietbrauk, Heinrich

Im Rahmen dieses Beitrages wird die Wechselwirkung zwischen abteilungsspezifischen Produktionskosten und der Struktur von Produktionsabteilungen für die Herstellung von Schnittkäse untersucht. Die Analyse eventueller Struktureffekte geschieht in zwei Schritten: zuerst wird der Einfluß unterschiedlicher Kapazitätsgrößen und -auslastungen von Käsereiabteilungen auf die Produktionskosten bestimmt. Danach wird der Frage nachgegangen, wie die Produktionsstrukturen für Schnittkäse in der BR Deutschland aussehen und welche Kosteneinsparungspotentiale sich bei moderaten Strukturveränderungen ergeben.

Streptococcus dysgalactiae — Contagious or Environmental? (2020)

Wente, Nicole ; Krömker, Volker

Streptococcus dysgalactiae is among the most important pathogens causing bovine mastitis. Unfortunately, there is presently a lack of clear knowledge about the mode of transmission — contagious or environmental — of this pathogen. To obtain more information on this, knowledge of the genetic diversity of the isolated microorganisms at the farm level can be useful. To observe the strain variety in different herds of cattle, isolates of Strep. dysgalactiae were collected from clinical mastitis samples at different farms, and the strains were typed using the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) method. Overall, we performed strain typing on 93 isolates from 16 farms in Germany and used an index to describe the degree of contagiosity of Strep. dysgalactiae at each farm. This index (CI) represents the number of isolates divided by the number of strains found in mastitis milk of clinical cases within a period of 14 months. The results differed between the farms. In one farm, all six Strep. dysgalactiae cases that occurred during the study period were caused by a single strain (CI = 6), while in another farm the six cases that occurred were caused by five different strains (CI = 1.2). All other farms fell between these two extremes. This indicates that Strep. dysgalactiae infections can occur via several routes of transmission. At the farm level, strain comparisons are necessary to determine the routes of transmission. Two strains were able to survive on the farm for a minimum of 14 months.

Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Bovine Mastitis in Eight Countries: Genotypes, Detection of Genes Encoding Different Toxins and Other Virulence Genes (2018)

Monistero, Valentina ; Graber, Hans Ulrich ; Pollera, Claudia ; Cremonesi, Paola ; Castiglioni, Bianca ; Bottini, Enriqueta ; Ceballos-Marquez, Alejandro ; Lasso-Rojas, Laura ; Krömker, Volker ; Wente, Nicole ; Petzer, Inge-Marie ; Santisteban, Carlos ; Runyan, Jeff ; Veiga dos Santos, Marcos ; Gomes Alves, Bruna ; Piccinini, Renata ; Bronzo, Valerio ; Abbassi, Mohamed Salah ; Ben Said, Meriam ; Moroni, Paolo

Staphylococcus aureus is recognized worldwide as one of the major agents of dairy cow intra-mammary infections. This microorganism can express a wide spectrum of pathogenic factors used to attach, colonize, invade and infect the host. The present study evaluated 120 isolates from eight different countries that were genotyped by RS-PCR and investigated for 26 different virulence factors to increase the knowledge on the circulating genetic lineages among the cow population with mastitis. New genotypes were observed for South African strains while for all the other countries new variants of existing genotypes were detected. For each country, a specific genotypic pattern was found. Among the virulence factors, fmtB, cna, clfA and leucocidins genes were the most frequent. The sea and sei genes were present in seven out of eight countries; seh showed high frequency in South American countries (Brazil, Colombia, Argentina), while sel was harboured especially in one Mediterranean country (Tunisia). The etb, seb and see genes were not detected in any of the isolates, while only two isolates were MRSA (Germany and Italy) confirming the low diffusion of methicillin resistance microorganism among bovine mastitis isolates. This work demonstrated the wide variety of S. aureus genotypes found in dairy cattle worldwide. This condition suggests that considering the region of interest might help to formulate strategies for reducing the infection spreading.

Stadtportraits : die Geschichte Hannovers im Dokumentar- und Kulturfilm (1991)

Stettner, Peter

Aufsatz über die Darstellung Hannovers in Dokumentarfilmen.

Soziale Gruppenarbeit als Alternative zur geschlossenen Unterbringung strafunmündiger Kinder (2004)

Hädicke, Jörg

Wenn 12- bis 13-jährige Kinder mit diversen von ihnen begangenen Straftaten die Öffentlichkeit in Aufruhr versetzen, wird - besonders nach schweren Fällen - oft eine härtere Gangart gefordert. Doch längst nicht so viele Kinder, wie die Medien uns weis machen wollen, sind delinquent. Und anstatt zu fragen, ob und wie man problematischen Kindern und Jugendlichen bereits zu Beginn ihrer Jugendhilfekarrieren sinnvoll helfen kann, diskutiert die Politik über geschlossene Unterbringung und andere Formen strengerer Settings von sogenannten "Monsterkids". In dieser Diplomarbeit wird soziale Gruppenarbeit als Alternative diskutiert.

Sind Niedrigenergiehäuser Stand der Technik? Umweltverträglich bauen und energiesparend wohnen (1993)

Zapke, Wilfried

In dem Artikel geht es um die Frage, ob Niedrigenergiehäuser Stand der Technik sind.

Showdown in Boston : Auch die Künstliche Intelligenz hatjetzt ihr Wimbledon (1993)

Schult, Thomas J.

Shopping Cart System: Load Balancing and Fault Tolerance in the OSGi Service Platform (2014)

Astrova, Irina ; Koschel, Arne ; Schneider, Thole ; Westhuis, Johannes ; Westerkamp, Jürgen

The main purpose of this paper was to find a simple solution for load balancing and fault tolerance in OSGi. The challenge was to implement a highly available web application such as a shopping cart system with load balancing and fault tolerance, without having to change the core of OSGi.

Sensors vs. experts - a performance comparison of sensor-based fall risk assessment vs. conventional assessment in a sample of geriatric patients (2011)

Marschollek, Michael ; Rehwald, Anja ; Wolf, Klaus-Hendrik ; Gietzelt, Matthias ; Nemitz, Gerhard ; Meyer zu Schwabedissen, Hubertus ; Schulze, Mareike

Background: Fall events contribute significantly to mortality, morbidity and costs in our ageing population. In order to identify persons at risk and to target preventive measures, many scores and assessment tools have been developed. These often require expertise and are costly to implement. Recent research investigates the use of wearable inertial sensors to provide objective data on motion features which can be used to assess individual fall risk automatically. So far it is unknown how well this new method performs in comparison with conventional fall risk assessment tools. The aim of our research is to compare the predictive performance of our new sensor-based method with conventional and established methods, based on prospective data. Methods: In a first study phase, 119 inpatients of a geriatric clinic took part in motion measurements using a wireless triaxial accelerometer during a Timed Up&Go (TUG) test and a 20 m walk. Furthermore, the St. Thomas Risk Assessment Tool in Falling Elderly Inpatients (STRATIFY) was performed, and the multidisciplinary geriatric care team estimated the patients’ fall risk. In a second follow-up phase of the study, 46 of the participants were interviewed after one year, including a fall and activity assessment. The predictive performances of the TUG, the STRATIFY and team scores are compared. Furthermore, two automatically induced logistic regression models based on conventional clinical and assessment data (CONV) as well as sensor data (SENSOR) are matched. Results: Among the risk assessment scores, the geriatric team score (sensitivity 56%, specificity 80%) outperforms STRATIFY and TUG. The induced logistic regression models CONV and SENSOR achieve similar performance values (sensitivity 68%/58%, specificity 74%/78%, AUC 0.74/0.72, +LR 2.64/2.61). Both models are able to identify more persons at risk than the simple scores. Conclusions: Sensor-based objective measurements of motion parameters in geriatric patients can be used to assess individual fall risk, and our prediction model’s performance matches that of a model based on conventional clinical and assessment data. Sensor-based measurements using a small wearable device may contribute significant information to conventional methods and are feasible in an unsupervised setting. More prospective research is needed to assess the cost-benefit relation of our approach.

Self-medication practices in urban and rural areas of western India: a cross sectional study (2018)

Limaye, Dnyanesh ; Limaye, Vaidehi ; Fortwengel, Gerhard ; Krause, Gerard

Background: Concerns about practice of self-medication (SM) world across are based on associated risks such as adverse reactions, disease masking, increased morbidity, wastage of resources and antibiotic resistance. SM is likely to differ between rural and urban areas of India. Systematically retrieved evidence on these differences are required in order to design targeted measures for improvement. Methods: We conducted a cross sectional study among the general population in urban (Matunga) and rural (Tala) areas of Maharashtra, India to explore SM practices and its associated factors. Face to face interviews were conducted using the validated study questionnaire. Data was analyzed by using descriptive and analytical statistical methods. Results: A total of 1523 inhabitants from 462 households were interviewed between [June/2015] and [August /2015], 778 (51%) of them in rural and 745 (49%) in urban areas. Overall self-medication prevalence was 29.1% (urban; 51.5%, rural; 7.7%, OR 12.7, CI 9.4-17.2) in the study participants. Participants having chronic disease (OR: 3.15, CI: 2.07-4.79) and from urban areas (OR:15.38, CI:8.49-27.85) were more likely to self-medicate. Self-medication practices were characterized by having old prescription (41.6%) as the main reason, fever (39.4%) as top indication and NSAIDs (Non-Steroidal Anti Inflammatory Agents) as the most self-medicated category of drugs (40.7%). Conclusions: The present study documented that the prevalence of self-medication is associated with place of residence, and health status of the study participants. Self-medication is still a major issue in western Maharashtra, India and is majorly an urban phenomenon. Status of implementation of existing regulations should be reconsidered.

Self-medication practices among university students from Karachi, Pakistan (2017)

Limaye, Dnyanesh ; Saeed, Farah ; Ahmad, Mansoor ; Pitani, Ravi Shankar ; Fortwengel, Gerhard

Background: Self-medication, practiced globally is an important public health problem. Research studies have indicated inappropriate self‐medication results in adverse drug reactions, disease masking, antibiotic resistance and wastage of healthcare resources. The objectives of the study were to explore overall self-medication and antibiotic self-medication prevalence among students of university students in Karachi, Pakistan along with probable reasons, indications, and sources of advice for self-medication. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study was carried out among students from university of Karachi, Pakistan during the time period of September to November 2016. Pretested questionnaire was distributed to 320 students, collected data was analyzed using IBM SPSS version 24. Results: From 320 students, 311 (83 male and 228 female) students participated in the study giving a response rate of 97%. Prevalence of self-medication was 66%. Belonging to higher monthly family income group was associated with likelihood of self-medication. Antibiotic self-medication prevalence was 39%. Lack of time (39%), and old prescription (35%) were the main reasons for self-medication. Pharmacy shop (75%) was the main source for self-medication. In case of antibiotics, 44% students changed the dosage of antibiotic and 50% students stopped antibiotics after the disappearance of the symptoms. Conclusions: Antibiotic self-medication (39%) and self-medication with other drugs among university students of Karachi is a worrisome problem. Our findings highlight the need for planning interventions to promote the judicious use of general medicines as well as that of antibiotics.

Segmentation Strategies for Passage Retrieval from Internet Video using Speech Transcripts (2013)

Wartena, Christian

We compare the effect of different segmentation strategies for passage retrieval of user generated internet video. We consider retrieval of passages for rather abstract and complex queries that go beyond finding a certain object or constellation of objects in the visual channel. Hence the retrieval methods have to rely heavily on the recognized speech. Passage retrieval has mainly been studied to improve document retrieval and to enable question answering. In these domains best results were obtained using passages defined by the paragraph structure of the source documents or by using arbitrary overlapping passages. For the retrieval of relevant passages in a video no author defined paragraph structure is available. We compare retrieval results from 5 different types of segments: segments defined by shot boundaries, prosodic segments, fixed length segments, a sliding window and semantically coherent segments based on speech transcripts. We evaluated the methods on the corpus of the MediaEval 2011 Rich Speech Retrieval task. Our main conclusions are (1) that fixed length and coherent segments are clearly superior to segments based on speaker turns or shot boundaries; (2) that the retrieval results highly depend on the right choice for the segment length; and (3) that results using the segmentation into semantically coherent parts depend much less on the segment length. Especially, the quality of fixed length and sliding window segmentation drops fast when the segment length increases, while quality of the semantically coherent segments is much more stable. Thus, if coherent segments are defined, longer segments can be used and consequently fewer segments have to be considered at retrieval time.

Secure Web Service Clients on Mobile Devices (2012)

Bertram, Jens ; Kleiner, Carsten

Enterprise apps on mobile devices typically need to communicate with other system components by consuming web services. Since most of the current mobile device platforms (such as Android) do not provide built-in features for consuming SOAP services, extensions have to be designed. Additionally in order to accommodate the typical enhanced security requirements of enterprise apps, it is important to be able to deal with SOAP web service security extensions on client side. In this article we show that neither the built-in SOAP capabilities for Android web service clients are sufficient for enterprise apps nor are the necessary security features supported by the platform as is. After discussing different existing extensions making Android devices SOAP capable we explain why none of them is really satisfactory in an enterprise context. Then we present our own solution which accommodates not only SOAP but also the WS-Security features on top of SOAP. Our solution heavily relies on code generation in order to keep the ﬂexibility beneﬁts of SOAP on one hand while still keeping the development effort manageable for software development. Our approach provides a good foundation for the implementation of other SOAP extensions apart from security on the Android platform as well. In addition our solution based on the gSOAP framework may be used for other mobile platforms in a similar manner.

Schwache Basis : Ergebnisse aus Zugscherversuch wenig aussagekräftig beim Dimensionieren von Klebverbindungen (1989)

Rasche, Manfred

Der Zugscherversuch ist die am häufigsten angewandte Prüftechnik für Klebverbindungen. Die dabei ermittelte Klebfestigkeit ist jedoch eine wenig aussagefähige Größe. In keinem Fall kann sie als Werkstoffkennwert den Klebstoff charakterisieren. Als Ausgangsgröße für Berechnungen bei der Dimensionierung von Klebverbindungen ist das Ergebnis des Zugscherversuchs deshalb nicht geeignet.

Roving Librarians in der Zentralbibliothek der Hochschule Hannover: ein Experiment (2016)

Hofmann, Andrea ; Hauschke, Christian

In der Zentralbibliothek der Hochschule Hannover wurde ab Wintersemester 2012 ein Experiment mit Roving Librarians durchgeführt, um die Auskunftsqualität zu verbessern. Die Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeiter der Bibliothek liefen zu diesem Zweck mit einem Netbook ausgerüstet durch den Benutzungsbereich der Bibliothek, um Fragen der Nutzer und Nutzerinnen gleich dort aufzufangen, wo sie entstehen. Der Versuch kann nicht als erfolgreich bezeichnet werden, doch konnten während des Experiments wertvolle Einblicke in Nutzerwünsche gewonnen werden.

Rollierende, PC-gestützte Liquiditätsplanung als Soll-Ist-Vergleich für Unternehmen mit Einzelfertigung : mit Hinweisen für die praktische Umsetzung (1990)

Kairies, Klaus

Bei Unternehmen, die auf Dauer und nicht nur für eine begrenzte Zeit geführt werden, sind Handlungs- und Planungszeitraum nicht identisch. Es müssen deshalb die Prinzipien der rollierenden Planung Berücksichtigung finden.

Roads to Health in Nigeria – Understanding the Intersection of Culture and Healing (2016)

Ibeneme, Sam C. ; Eni, G. ; Ezuma, A.

The most important attribute for which we all aspire as human beings is good health because it enables us to undertake different forms of activities of daily living. The emergence of scientific knowledge in Western societies has enabled us to explore and define several parameters of “health” by drawing boundaries around factors that are known to impact the achievement of good health. For example, the World Health Organization defined health by taking physical and psychological factors into consideration.

Roads to Health in Developing Countries: Understanding the Intersection of Culture and Healing (2017)

Ibeneme, Sam C. ; Ezuma, A. ; Fortwengel, Gerhard

Background: The most important attribute to which all human beings aspire is good health because it enables us to undertake different forms of activities of daily living. The emergence of scientific knowledge in Western societies has enabled scientists to explore and define several parameters of health by drawing boundaries around factors that are known to influence the attainment of good health. For example, the World Health Organization defined health by taking physical and psychological factors into consideration. Their definition of health also included a caveat that says, “not merely the absence of sickness.” This definition has guided scientists and health care providers in the Western world in the development of health care programs in non-Western societies. Objective: However, ethnomedical beliefs about the cause(s) of illness have given rise to alternative theories of health, sickness, and treatment approaches in the developing world. Thus, there is another side to the story. Method: Much of the population in developing countries lives in rural settings where the knowledge of health, sickness, and care has evolved over centuries of practice and experience. The definition of health in these settings tends to orient toward cultural beliefs, traditional practices, and social relationships. Invariably, whereas biomedicine is the dominant medical system in Western societies, traditional medicine — or ethno-medicine — is often the first port of call for patients in developing countries. Results: The 2 medical systems represent, and are influenced by, the cultural environment in which they exist. On one hand, biomedicine is very effective in the treatment of objective, measurable disease conditions. On the other hand, ethnomedicine is effective in the management of illness conditions or the experience of disease states. Nevertheless, an attempt to supplant 1 system of care with another from a different cultural environment could pose enormous challenges in non-Western societies. Conclusion: In general, we, as human beings, are guided in our health care decisions by past experiences, family and friends, social networks, cultural beliefs, customs, tradition, professional knowledge, and intuition. No medical system has been shown to address all of these elements; hence, the need for collaboration, acceptance, and partnership between all systems of care in cultural communities. In developing countries, the roads to health are incomplete without an examination of the intersection of culture and healing. Perhaps mutual exclusiveness rather inclusiveness of these 2 dominant health systems is the greatest obstacle to health in developing countries.

Richtige Terminplanung und -steuerung sichert die Flexibilität (1989)

Binner, Hartmut F.

Im folgenden Tagungsaufsatz wird die Bedeutung der exakten Bedarfszeitpunktermittlung erläutert.

Richtige Planung der Bedarfszeitpunkte sichert die Flexibilität (1990)

Binner, Hartmut F.

Innerhalb der vereinfachten Logistikformel "Das richtige Material in richtiger Höhe und richtiger Qualität zum richtigen Zeitpunkt am richtigen Platz zur Verfügung zu stellen" spielt die Festlegung des richtigen Zeitpunktes bei der Durchsetzung der logistischen Zielsetzung eine besonders wichtige Rolle. Es ist damit der Bedarfszeitpunkt gemeint, diesen exakt zu bestimmen und dann im Ablauf auch einzuhalten, bereitet häufig große Schwierigkeiten. Dieser Bedarfszeitpunkt legt den genauen Termin im zeitlichen Prozessablauf innerhalb der gesamten betrieblichen Vorsorgungskette fest, an dem die benötigten Materialien und Produktionsmittel zur Verfügung stehen müssen. Seine Bedeutung erhält der Bedarfzeitpunkt dadurch, dass Interessen oder Zielsetzungen der Beschaffungs-, Produktions- und Vertriebslogistik hier zusammentreffen.

Review of new medical devices approvals by USFDA during the period of 2010 to 2014 (2018)

Limaye, Rewati ; Fortwengel, Gerhard

Medical devices are health care products distinguished from drugs for regulatory purposes in most countries based on mechanism of action. Unlike drugs, medical devices operate via physical or mechanical means and are not dependent on metabolism to accomplish their primary intended effect. Developing new medical devices requires clinical investigations and approval process goes through similar process like drugs. Medical device approvals in the period of 2010 to 2014 were searched from USFDA website. Disease burden data in the similar period was searched from centers for disease control and prevention website. Collected data was analyzed to know number of approved devices, top therapy areas, and mechanism of action of these devices. Out of a total of 200 medical devices approvals in the time period of 2010 to 2014, maximum number of devices (51; 25.5%) were approved in the year 2011, cardiovascular (78; 39%) was the top therapy area. Highest number (180; 90%) of approved medical devices belonged to the category III and maximum number (73; 36.5%) of approved medical devices had ―mechanical‖ mechanism of action. The top 3 causes of deaths in USA during 2010 to 2014 were heart disease, cancer and followed by respiratory infection. There was a match between the top diseases and the medical device approvals for top 2 diseases in USA i.e. heart disease, and cancer. With respect to respiratory infections and ailments which was the 3rd leading cause of death only one device was approved out of 200 approvals in total.

Review of Literature To Understand Role of Pharmacy Professional in Health Management (2020)

Limaye, Dnyanesh

Background: The mission of the pharmacy profession is to improve public health through ensuring safe, effective, and appropriate use of medications. Population health management (PHP) is a process wherein opportunities are identified to improve the quality of health care delivered and thereby, promote better health outcomes for patients. Rationale: As concept of PHP is extremely important in today’s context, it is helpful to integrate data related to pharmacist in population health management practices. Authors conducted a systematic review of the literature on role of pharmacist in population health management practices. Method: We conducted a systematic review of the literature on literature on role of pharmacist in population health management practices by searching, PubMed Medline database using the following combination of keywords – pharmacist, population health. Truncation was used to ensure retrieval of all possible variations of search terms. The search was limited to articles published between 1st January 2015 and 31st December 2019, human studies and English language. Results: Initial search resulted in a total of 281 studies, title abstract review to remove irrelevant studies resulted in 256 studies. Yearly trend showed that number of publications are decreasing. Highest number of publications were from Europe (47; 18%) and 29 publications (11%) discussed role of pharmacist in population health management of subjects in the age group of 10 to 20 years. Twenty five publications mentioned health management was done in the community settings. Advice on the lifestyle was mentioned in 242 (96%) and 10 (4%) publications offered advice about drugs during the health management. Pharmacists played important roles in population health management for e.g. as care provider in exploring the challenges faced in clinics for management of Type 2 DM. Pharmacists played an important role in increasing the quality of life of patients. Discussion: Population health management concept has evolved steadily over the past few decades and is now contributing to the ‘patient care journey’ at all stages. There were 24 (9%) publications from India. Specially designed and implemented Pharm D program would play a major role in Indian health care system in future. This will give an opportunity to pharmacists to work more prominently in Indian health care system. Conclusion: Authors are of the opinion that this is the first review encompassing the topic of pharmacist and population health management in the global context. It is clear that there is a global trend of moving towards involvement of pharmacist in healthcare management. This enables pharmacists to assume an expanded role and at same time it necessitates reforms in pharmacy education and practice

Return to work after ischemic stroke in young adults : A registry-based follow-up study (2018)

Aarnio, Karoliina ; Rodríguez-Pardo, Jorge ; Siegerink, Bob ; Hardt, Juliane ; Broman, Jenna ; Tulkki, Lauri ; Haapaniemi, Elena ; Kaste, Markku ; Tatlisumak, Turgut ; Putaala, Jukka

Objective We aimed to investigate the proportion of young patients not returning to work (NRTW) at 1 year after ischemic stroke (IS) and during follow-up, and clinical factors associated with NRTW. Methods Patients from the Helsinki Young Stroke Registry with an IS occurring in the years 1994–2007, who were at paid employment within 1 year before IS, and with NIH Stroke Scale score ≤15 points at hospital discharge, were included. Data on periods of payment came from the Finnish Centre for Pensions, and death data from Statistics Finland. Multivariate logistic regression analyses assessed factors associated with NRTW 1 year after IS, and lasagna plots visualized the proportion of patients returning to work over time. Results We included a total of 769 patients, of whom 289 (37.6%) were not working at 1 year, 323 (42.0%) at 2 years, and 361 (46.9%) at 5 years from IS. When adjusted for age, sex, socioeconomic status, and NIH Stroke Scale score at admission, factors associated with NRTW at 1 year after IS were large anterior strokes, strokes caused by large artery atherosclerosis, high-risk sources of cardioembolism, and rare causes other than dissection compared with undetermined cause, moderate to severe aphasia vs no aphasia, mild and moderate to severe limb paresis vs no paresis, and moderate to severe visual field deficit vs no deficit. Conclusions NRTW is a frequent adverse outcome after IS in young adults with mild to moderate IS. Clinical variables available during acute hospitalization may allow prediction of NRTW.

Results of a Literature Review to Prepare Data Modelling in the Context of Kidney Transplant Rejection Diagnosis (2019)

Katzensteiner, Matthias ; Ludwig, Wolfram ; Marschollek, Michael ; Bott, Oliver J.

Due to demographic change the number of serious kidney diseases and thus required transplantations will increase. The increased demand for donor organs and a decreasing supply of these organs underline the necessity for effective early rejection diagnostic measures to improve the lifetime of transplants. Expert systems might improve rejection diagnostics but for the development of such systems data models are needed that encompass the relevant information to enable optimal data aggregation and evaluation. Results of a literature review concerning published data models and information systems concerned with kidney transplant rejection diagnostic lead to a set of data elements even if no papers could be identified that publish data models explicitly.

Response of Gait Output and Handgrip Strength to Changes in Body Fat Mass in Pre- and Postmenopausal Women (2019)

Ibeneme, Sam ; Ezeigwe, Chinenye ; Ibeneme, Georgian C. ; Ezuma, Amarachi ; Okoye, Ifeoma ; Nwankwo, Joseph M.

Background: Available preliminary data on menopause does not relate changes in body fat mass (BFM) and handgrip strength (HGS) (an indicator of body/muscle strength) to gait parameters. Objective: To determine the relationship between BFM, HGS and gait parameters, namely, stride length (SL) (an indicator of walking balance/postural stability), stride frequency (SF), and velocity (V) (gait out- put), to guide gait training. Methods: Ninety consenting (45 postmenopausal and 45 premenopausal) female staffof the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, were randomly selected and assessed for BFM and HGS with a hydration monitor and dynamometer, respectively, in an observational study. The mean of 2 trials of the number of steps and time taken to cover a 10-m distance at normal speed was used to calculate SF, SL, and V. Data were analyzed using an independent t test and a Pearson correlation coefficient at P < 0.05. Results: Premenopausal (BFM = 42.93% [12.61%], HGS = 27.89 [7.52] kg, stride ratio = 1.43, and velocity = 1.04 [0.01] m/sec) and postmenopausal (BFM = 41.55% [12.71%], HGS = 30.91 [7.07] kg, stride ratio = 1.44, and velocity = 1.06 [0.01] m/sec) women showed no significant differences in gait output/velocity ( t = 0.138; P = 0.89; d = 0.029). At postmenopause, BFM was significantly and negatively ( r = –0.369; r 2 = 0.1362; P = 0.013) correlated with SL, whereas HGS was positively and significantly ( r = 0.323; r 2 = 0.104; P = 0.030) correlated with gait output at premenopause. Conclusions: BFM may adversely influence walking balance at postmenopause, whereas HGS may enhance gait output at premenopause but not postmenopause. Therefore, muscle strengthening alone may not enhance gait output in postmenopausal women without balance training.

Resistance of Injection Molded Wood-Polypropylene Composites against Basidiomycetes According to EN 15534-1 : New Insights on the Test Procedure, Structural Alterations, and Impact of Wood Source (2019)

Krause, Kim Christian ; Brischke, Christian ; Koddenberg, Tim ; Buschalsky, Andreas ; Militz, Holger ; Krause, Andreas

In this study, we investigated injection molded wood-polypropylene composites based on various wood sources and their decay resistance against white rot (Trametes versicolor) and brown rot (Coniophora puteana) in a laboratory test according to EN 15534-1:2014. The manufactured composites consisted of poplar (Populus spp.), willow (Salix spp.), European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.), and a commercial wood source (Arbocel® C100), respectively. All formulations were compounded on a co-rotating twin screw extruder and subsequently injection molded to wood–PP specimens with a wood content of 60% or 70% by weight. It was found that the test procedure had a significant eﬀect on the mechanical properties. Loss in mechanical properties was primarily caused by moisture and less by fungal decay. Moisture caused a loss in the modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity of 34 to 45% and 29 to 73%, respectively. Mean mass and wood mass losses were up to a maximum of 3.7% and 5.3%, respectively. The high resistance against fungal decay was generally attributed to the encapsulation of wood by the polymer matrix caused by sample preparation, and enhanced by reduced moisture uptake during the preconditioning procedure. Notable diﬀerences with respect to the wood particle source and decay fungi were also observed. Structural characterization confirmed the decay pattern of the fungi such as void cavities close the surface and the deposition of calcium oxalates.

Regulatory roadmap for nanotechnology based medicines (2014)

Limaye, Vaidehi ; Fortwengel, Gerhard ; Limaye, Dnyanesh

Nanotechnology is emerging as one of the key technologies of the 21st century and is expected to enable developments across a wide range of sectors that can benefit citizens. Nanomedicine is an application of nanotechnology in the areas of healthcare, disease diagnosis, treatment and prevention of disease. Nanomedicines pose problem of nanotoxicity related to factors like size, shape, specific surface area, surface morphology, and crystallinity. Currently, nanomedicines are regulated as medicinal products or as medical devices and there is no specific regulatory framework for nanotechnology-based products neither in the EU nor in the USA. This review presents a scheme for classification and regulatory approval process for nanotechnology based medicines.

Recommendation for a standardised method of broth microdilution susceptibility testing for porcine Bordetella bronchiseptica (2015)

Sandra, Prüller ; Frömke, Cornelia ; Kaspar, Heike ; Klein, Günter ; Kreienbrock, Lothar ; Kehrenberg, Corinna

The objective was to establish and standardise a broth microdilution susceptibility testing method for porcine Bordetella (B.) bronchiseptica. B. bronchiseptica isolates from different geographical regions and farms were genotyped by macrorestriction analysis and subsequent pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. One reference and one type strain plus two field isolates of B. bronchiseptica were chosen to analyse growth curves in four different media: cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth (CAMHB) with and without 2% lysed horse blood, Brain-Heart-Infusion (BHI), and Caso broth. The growth rate of each test strain in each medium was determined by culture enumeration and the suitability of CAMHB was confirmed by comparative statistical analysis. Thereafter, reference and type strain and eight epidemiologically unrelated field isolates of B. bronchiseptica were used to test the suitability of a broth microdilution susceptibility testing method following CLSI-approved performance standards given in document VET01-A4. Susceptibility tests, using 20 antimicrobial agents, were performed in five replicates, and data were collected after 20 and 24 hours incubation and statistically analysed. Due to the low growth rate of B. bronchiseptica, an incubation time of 24 hours resulted in significantly more homogeneous minimum inhibitory concentrations after five replications compared to a 20-hour incubation. An interlaboratory comparison trial including susceptibility testing of 24 antimicrobial agents revealed a high mean level of reproducibility (97.9%) of the modified method. Hence, in a harmonization for broth microdilution susceptibility testing of B. bronchiseptica, an incubation time of 24 hours in CAMHB medium with an incubation temperature of 35°C and an inoculum concentration of approximately 5 x 105 cfu/ml was proposed.

Rechnergestützte Signalsynthese (1987)

Nocker, Rudolf ; Stark, Dieter

Ausgehend von der Theorie der digitalen Signalsynthese wird in diesem Beitrag ein rechnergestützter Funktionsgenerator vorgestellt, der den Entwickler in die Lage versetzt, diverse periodische Zeitfunktionen mit beliebig komplizierten spektralen Eigenschaften zu generieren. Die dabei relevanten Hard- und Softwaregesichtspunkte, die zur Berechnung einer Stützstellenfolge über Fouriersynthese mit einem IBM-PC in Turbo-Pascal erforderlich sind, werden in der folgenden Abhandlung näher erläutert.

Rechnergesteuerter Signalgenerator : der PC als Meßgerät (1988)

Nocker, Rudolf ; Stark, Dieter

Der PC als Meßgerät findet weiter zunehmende Verbreitung und wird als ernstzunehmender Bestandteil des Entwicklungslabors von Firmen wie Siemens, HP usw. angeboten. Dieser Beitrag dringt einmal in das Innere eines rechnergesteuerten Signalgenerators vor und zeigt Hard- und Software.

Reaching the elderly: understanding of health and preventive experiences for a tailored approach – results of a qualitative study (2016)

Patzelt, Christiane ; Heim, Susanne ; Deitermann, Bernhilde ; Theile, Gudrun ; Krauth, Christian ; Hummers-Pradier, Eva ; Walter, Ulla

Background: Often preventive measures are not accessed by the people who were intended to be reached. Programs for older adults may target men and women, older adults, advanced old age groups and/or chronically ill patients with specific indications. The defined target groups rarely participate in the conception of programs or in the design of information materials, although this would increase accessibility and participation. In the German “Reaching the Elderly” study (2008–2011), an approach to motivating older adults to participate in a preventive home visit (PHV) program was modified with the participatory involvement of the target groups. The study examines how older men and women would prefer to be addressed for health and prevention programs. Methods: Four focus groups (N = 42 participants) and 12 personal interviews were conducted (women and men in 2 age groups: 65–75 years and ≥ 76 years). Participants from two districts of a major German city were selected from a stratified random sample (N = 200) based on routine data from a local health insurance fund. The study focused on the participants’ knowledge about health and disease prevention and how they preferred to be approached and addressed. Videos of the focus groups were recorded and analysed using mind mapping techniques. Interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim and subjected to qualitative content analysis. Results: A gender-specific approach profile was observed. Men were more likely to favor competitive and exerciseoriented activities, and they associated healthy aging with mobility and physical activity. Women, on the other hand, displayed a broader understanding of healthy aging, which included physical activity as only one aspect as well as a healthy diet, relaxation/wellness, memory training and independent living; they preferred holistic and socially oriented services that were not performance-oriented. The “older seniors” (76+) were ambivalent towards certain wordings referring to aging. Conclusions: Our results suggest that gender-specific needs must be considered in order to motivate older adults to participate in preventive services. Age-specific characteristics seem to be less relevant. It is more important to pay attention to factors that vary according to the individual state of health and life situation of the potential participants.

Qualitätssprung in der Telekommunikation durch ISDN (1989)

Nocker, Rudolf

Der Artikel behandelt den Qualitätssprung in der Telekommunikation durch ISDN.

Qualität fortlaufend erzeugen! (1989)

Binner, Hartmut F.

Bei Qualitätsmängeln ist es mit der reihenfolgegerechten und zeitgenauen Anlieferung direkt in den Produktionsbereich nicht mehr möglich, auf Ersatzmaterial zurückzugreifen. Ein wichtiger Schritt zu der daher geforderten Null-Fehler-Rate in der Produktion ist die informationstechnische Einbindung der Qualitätssicherung in das Logistik-Konzept des Unternehmens. der Artikel beschreibt, wie eine solche Einbindung aussieht.

Publication Bias (2016)

Strüver, Vanessa

According to the Declaration of Helsinki, as well as the Statement on Public Disclosure of Clinical Trial Results of the World Health Organization, every researcher has the ethical obligation to publish research results on all trials with human participants in a complete and accurate way within 12 months after the end of the trial.1,2 Nevertheless, for several reasons, not all research results are published in an accurate way in case they are released at all. This phenomenon of publication bias may not only create a false impression on the reliability of clinical research business, but it may also affect the evidence of clinical conclusions about the best treatments, which are mostly based on published data and results.

Public release of hospital quality data for referral practices in Germany: results from a cluster-randomised controlled trial (2017)

Emmert, Martin ; Meszmer, Nina ; Jablonski, Lisa ; Zinth, Lena ; Schöffski, Oliver ; Taheri-Zadeh, Fatemeh

Objective: To evaluate the impact of different dissemination channels on the awareness and usage of hospital performance reports among referring physicians, as well as the usefulness of such reports from the referring physicians’ perspective. <br> Data sources/Study setting: Primary data collected from a survey with 277 referring physicians (response rate = 26.2%) in Nuremberg, Germany (03–06/2016). <br> Study design: Cluster-randomised controlled trial at the practice level. Physician practices were randomly assigned to one of two conditions: (1) physicians in the control arm could become aware of the performance reports via mass media channels (Mass Media, npr MM=132, nph MM=147); (2) physicians in the intervention arm also received a printed version of the report via mail (Mass and Special Media, npr MSM=117; nph MSM=130). <br> Principal findings: Overall, 68% of respondents recalled hospital performance reports and 21% used them for referral decisions. Physicians from the Mass and Special Media group were more likely to be aware of the performance reports (OR 4.16; 95% CI 2.16–8.00, p < .001) but not more likely to be influenced when referring patients into hospitals (OR 1.73; 95% CI 0.72–4.12, p > .05). On a 1 (very good) to 6 (insufficient) scale, the usefulness of the performance reports was rated 3.67 (±1.40). Aggregated presentation formats were rated more helpful than detailed hospital quality information. <br> Conclusions: Hospital quality reports have limited impact on referral practices. To increase the latter, concerns raised by referring physicians must be given more weight. Those principally refer to the underlying data, the design of the reports, and the lack of important information.

Prüfungsangst (2003)

Seibold, Sven M. ; Krems, Burkhardt

Nach einer kurzen Einführung in die Themen Angst und Stress wird der Zusammenhang zwischen Stress und Leistung dargestellt. Abschließend werden Lösungsmöglichkeiten für Personen mit Prüfungsangst vorgestellt.

Produktionscontrolling über BDE-Kennzahlen (1993)

Binner, Hartmut F.

Nach wie vor ist die seit langem bekannte Forderung nach einer durchgängigen Transparenz des betrieblichen Werteflusses zur Überprüfung der vorgegebenen logistischen Zielvereibarungen und als Hilfe zur Entscheidungsfindung über ein funktionierendes Produktions-Controlling nur sehr schwierig zu erfüllen. Hier hilft der Einsatz von anforderungsgerecht eingeführten BDE-Systemen und die exakte Definition der Zielgrößen in Form von Kennzahlen.

Problematik der Prüfung von Polymer-Metall-Verbunden im Zugscherversuch (1986)

Rasche, Manfred

Die Prüfung von Klebverbindungen erfolgt häufig im Zugscherversuch. Bei der Anwendung dieser Prüfmethode bei Polymer-Metall-Klebverbindungen tritt oft ein Bruch im Polymerteil auf. Dadurch wird die Aussagefähigkeit des Zugscherversuchs stark eingeschränkt. Das gilt vor allem für die Optimierung der Oberflächenvorbehandlung von Polymerteilen. Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht die Beanspruchungsparameter von Polymer-Metall-klebverbindungen im Zugscherversuch und leitet daraus Forderungen an geeignete Prüfanordnungen ab.

Probabilistic Evaluation of Three-Dimensional Reconstructions from X-Ray Images Spanning a Limited Angle (2014)

Frost, Anja ; Renners, Eike ; Hötter, Michael ; Ostermann, Jörn

An important part of computed tomography is the calculation of a three-dimensional reconstruction of an object from series of X-ray images. Unfortunately, some applications do not provide sufficient X-ray images. Then, the reconstructed objects no longer truly represent the original. Inside of the volumes, the accuracy seems to vary unpredictably. In this paper, we introduce a novel method to evaluate any reconstruction, voxel by voxel. The evaluation is based on a sophisticated probabilistic handling of the measured X-rays, as well as the inclusion of a priori knowledge about the materials that the object receiving the X-ray examination consists of. For each voxel, the proposed method outputs a numerical value that represents the probability of existence of a predefined material at the position of the voxel while doing X-ray. Such a probabilistic quality measure was lacking so far. In our experiment, false reconstructed areas get detected by their low probability. In exact reconstructed areas, a high probability predominates. Receiver Operating Characteristics not only confirm the reliability of our quality measure but also demonstrate that existing methods are less suitable for evaluating a reconstruction.

Prevention of Intramammary Infections by Prepartum External Application of a Teat Dip Containing Lactic Acid Bacteria with Antimicrobial Properties in Dairy Heifers (2020)

Paduch, Jan-Hendrik ; Lücking, Johanna ; Mansion-de Vries, Elisabeth ; Zinke, Claudia ; Wente, Nicole ; Krömker, Volker

The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of the prepartum external treatment of teats with a combination of four lactic acid bacteria strains viz. Lactobacillus (Lb.) rhamnosus ATCC 7469, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis ATCC 11454, Lb. paracasei 78/37 (DSM 26911), and Lb. plantarum 118/37 (DSM 26912) on the postcalving udder health of dairy heifers. The study used a split-udder design. Two weeks before the expected calving date, one of two contralateral teats of a teat pair was dipped with an aqueous suspension of lactic acid bacteria (final bacterial counts 8.40–8.47 log10-transformed CFU/mL) once in a week until calving; the other teat of the pair was not treated. After calving, quarter foremilk samples were taken and investigated cyto-microbiologically. In total, 629 teat pairs of 319 heifers were included. There was an association between the treatment and intramammary infections caused by the major udder-pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, and enterococci, as well as clinical mastitis in the first 100 days after calving. The present study indicates that intramammary infections with major pathogens and clinical mastitis may be prevented by regular prepartum external application of lactic acid bacteria in dairy heifers.

Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among dentists from Mumbai, India (2016)

Limaye, Vaidehi ; Limaye, Dnyanesh ; Desai, R. ; Seth, J. ; Prabhu, S. ; Fortwengel, Gerhard

The world health organization defines musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) as “a disorder of muscles, tendons, peripheral vascular system not directly resulting from an acute or instantaneous event.1 Work related MSDs are one of the most important occupational hazards.1 Among many other occupations, dentistry is a highly demanding profession that requires good visual acuity, hearing, depth perception, psychomotor skills, manual dexterity, and ability to maintain occupational postures over long periods.

Preisdifferenzierung im Lebensmitteleinzelhandel – eine Literaturrecherche (2017)

Garashchuk, Julia ; Clasen, Michael ; Theuvsen, Ludwig

Preisdifferenzierung ist ein altbekanntes Thema und spielt eine wichtige Rolle bei der Preissetzung im Online-Handel. Das Ziel dieses Beitrages ist eine kurze Darstellung der relevanten Literatur zum Thema „Preisdifferenzierung im stationären und Online-Lebensmitteleinzelhandel".

PPS-Anbieter herausfordern (1989)

Binner, Hartmut F.

Wer die Einführung eines PPS- oder Logistik-Systems plant, sollte mit einer exakten Beschreibung der Soll-Abläufe die Anbieter auffordern, konkret Stellung zu beziehen, was ihr System kann und nicht kann. Der Artikel beschreibt, wie ein solches Anforderungsprofil aussehen soll, wie man es aufbaut und wie man bei der Einführung eines PPS-Systems vorgeht.

Potenziale von PROFIenergy in der Prozessindustrie (2020)

Niemann, Karl-Heinz ; Andreas, Würger

Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt Einsatzpotenziale des Energiemanagementprofils PROFIenergy in der Prozessindustrie. Der Blick auf den Status von Energieeffizienzmaßnahmen in der Prozessindustrie zeigt, dass diese im Wesentlichen innerhalb der verfahrenstechnischen Optimierung angesiedelt sind. Noch hat sich der durchgängige Einsatz von technischen Energiemanagementsystemen (tEnMS) nicht etabliert. Diese Arbeit fokussiert Vorteile des tEnMS-Einsatzes und präsentiert „Best Practice“- Beispiele in der Prozessindustrie. Abschließend wird aufgezeigt, welches Potenzial das Energiemanagementprofil PROFIenergy liefern kann und welche Anwendungsfälle sich damit abdecken lassen.

Politicians’ Self-Reported Social Media Activities (2019)

Kelm, Ole ; Dohle, Marco ; Bernhard, Uli

The growing importance of social media in the political arena seems to be in line with the mediatization of politics thesis, which states that mediated communication is becoming more important in politics and increasingly influences political processes. However, how politicians’ social media activities and politicians’ perceptions concerning social media have developed over time has rarely been examined. Moreover, it is unclear how the politicians’ activities and perceptions are related to each other. Referring to theoretical approaches, such as the influence of presumed influence approach, four surveys were conducted among German parliamentarians (MPs) between 2012 and 2016 (n = 194/149/170/118). The results indicate that the MPs’ self-reported social media activities and perceptions have remained remarkably constant since 2012. Regression analyses indicate that MPs’ self-reported social media activities and perceptions are hardly related to each other. This raises the question whether mediatization processes are indeed driven by politicians’ perceptions about media influences.

PICA : ein Informationssystem für die Landesmedienstelle in Niedersachsen? (1993)

Schiller, Andrea

Im Hinblick auf eine zunehmende Annäherung einzelner Fachlandschaften und der vermehrten Vernetzung von Informationssystemen befasst sich diese Arbeit mit der Fragestellung, ob ein Einsatz des Bibliotheksautomationssystems PICA (Project for Integrated Catalogue Automation) bei der Landesmedienstelle in Niedersachsen eine angemessene Lösung des Problems der unzureichenden Informationsvermittlung über verfügbare audiovisuelle Medien darstellen könnte. Dabei wird zur Verdeutlichung des Informationsbedarfs und des Informationsdefizits dem Abriss zur historischen Entwicklung des Bildstellenwesens und zum geschichtlichen Werdegang der Landesmedienstelle in Niedersachsen bewusst ein breiter Raum gegeben.

Physician choice making and characteristics associated with using physician-rating websites: cross-sectional study (2013)

Emmert, Martin ; Meier, Florian ; Pisch, Frank ; Sander, Uwe

BACKGROUND: Over the past decade, physician-rating websites have been gaining attention in scientific literature and in the media. However, little knowledge is available about the awareness and the impact of using such sites on health care professionals. It also remains unclear what key predictors are associated with the knowledge and the use of physician-rating websites. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the current level of awareness and use of physician-rating websites in Germany and to determine their impact on physician choice making and the key predictors which are associated with the knowledge and the use of physician-rating websites. METHODS: This study was designed as a cross-sectional survey. An online panel was consulted in January 2013. A questionnaire was developed containing 28 questions; a pretest was carried out to assess the comprehension of the questionnaire. Several sociodemographic (eg, age, gender, health insurance status, Internet use) and 2 health-related independent variables (ie, health status and health care utilization) were included. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and t tests. Binary multivariate logistic regression models were performed for elaborating the characteristics of physician-rating website users. Results from the logistic regression are presented for both the observed and weighted sample. RESULTS: In total, 1505 respondents (mean age 43.73 years, SD 14.39; 857/1505, 57.25% female) completed our survey. Of all respondents, 32.09% (483/1505) heard of physician-rating websites and 25.32% (381/1505) already had used a website when searching for a physician. Furthermore, 11.03% (166/1505) had already posted a rating on a physician-rating website. Approximately 65.35% (249/381) consulted a particular physician based on the ratings shown on the websites; in contrast, 52.23% (199/381) had not consulted a particular physician because of the publicly reported ratings. Significantly higher likelihoods for being aware of the websites could be demonstrated for female participants (P<.001), those who were widowed (P=.01), covered by statutory health insurance (P=.02), and with higher health care utilization (P<.001). Health care utilization was significantly associated with all dependent variables in our multivariate logistic regression models (P<.001). Furthermore, significantly higher scores could be shown for health insurance status in the unweighted and Internet use in the weighted models. CONCLUSIONS: Neither health policy makers nor physicians should underestimate the influence of physician-rating websites. They already play an important role in providing information to help patients decide on an appropriate physician. Assuming there will be a rising level of public awareness, the influence of their use will increase well into the future. Future studies should assess the impact of physician-rating websites under experimental conditions and investigate whether physician-rating websites have the potential to reflect the quality of care offered by health care providers.

Personalisiertes Lernen in der Bibliothek: das Düsseldorfer Online-Tutorial (DOT) Informationskompetenz (2006)

Hauschke, Christian ; Ullmann, Nadine

Die Autoren beschreiben das von ihnen entwickelte Lerninformationssystem zur Informationskompetenz. Der Artikel behandelt den Aufbau und die Perspektiven des Systems.

Perception of university students about doctors and quality of health care provision at clinics: a multi-national study in India, Pakistan, Spain and United States of America (2020)

Limaye, Dnyanesh ; Fortwengel, Gerhard ; Shankar Pitani, Ravi ; Sathe, Sushama ; Chivate, Sanika ; Jagadale, Prabhas ; Saeed, Farah ; Alam, Syed Mahboob ; Rodilla, Vicent ; Mounib, Chaimae ; Santiesteban Jr., Edel

Background: Patient satisfaction is considered as an indicator of the healthcare quality. Information on patient satisfaction based on medical expertise of the physician, interpersonal skills, physician-patient interaction time, perception and needs of the patient allow policymakers to identify areas for improvement. Primary care services and healthcare structure differ between the countries. The present study was done to determine and analyze the determinants associated with patient satisfaction in India, Pakistan, Spain and USA. Methods: This descriptive study was performed in January to August 2019 among students from Mumbai University, India, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan, University CEU Cardenal Herrera, Valencia, Spain, Texas State University, Texas, USA. On the basis of the eligibility criterion (those who gave a written informed consent and were registered students of respective university) 890 (India: 369, Pakistan: 128, Spain: 195, USA: 99) students were selected for the present study. Results: India had almost similar male (49%) to female (51%) ratio of participants. For other 3 countries (PK, ES, US), female participant percentage was nearly 20% or even more as compared to male participants. Overall participant’s satisfaction score about medial expertise of the doctor were highest in India (71%) and were lowest in Spain (43%). Overall satisfaction score about time spent with doctor were highest for India (64%) and were lowest for Spain (41%). Overall satisfaction score about communication with doctor were highest for US (60%) and were lowest for PK (53%). Overall satisfaction score for medical care given by the doctor was lowest in PK (43%) and was highest in US (64%). Overall satisfaction about doctor, highest number of US (83%) and lowest number of PK (32%) participants were satisfied about medical interaction with doctors. Conclusions: These multi-country findings can provide information for health policy making in India, Pakistan, Spain and USA. Although the average satisfaction per country, except Pakistan is more than 60%, the results suggest that there is ample room for improvement.

OSGi in Cloud Environments (2013)

Astrova, Irina ; Koschel, Arne ; Siekmann, Björn ; Starrach, Mark ; Tebbe, Christopher ; Wolf, Stefan ; Schaaf, Marc

This paper deals with the combination of OSGi and cloud computing. Both technologies are mainly placed in the field of distributed computing. Therefore, it is discussed how different approaches from different institutions work. In addition, the approaches are compared to each other.

Orientierung am Konkreten : Expertensysteme mit Gedächtnis (1992)

Schult, Thomas J.

Organisation der ITSicherheit in der Produktion : in zehn Schritten zur sicheren Produktionsanlage (2018)

Niemann, Karl-Heinz

Der folgende Beitrag befasst sich mit der IT-Sicherheit von Produktionsanlagen aus Betreibersicht. Hierbei liegt der Fokus auf den organisatorischen Aspekten der IT-Sicherheit. In einer Bestandsaufnahme werden zunächst die Probleme herausgearbeitet, die entstehen, sofern sich eine Organisation im Wesentlichen auf technische Aspekte der IT-Sicherheit konzentriert. Daraus wird die Notwendigkeit organisatorischer Maßnahmen abgeleitet. Eine Betrachtung von Normen und Standards, die sich mit den organisatorischen Aspekten der IT-Sicherheit in der Produktion befassen, liefert das Grundgerüst für die Ableitung eines Maßnahmenplans. Der daraus resultierende 10-Punkte-Plan zur Umsetzung der IT-Sicherheit in der Produktion schließt den Beitrag ab.

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