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The CogALex-V Shared Task provides two datasets that consists of pairs of words along with a classification of their semantic relation. The dataset for the first task distinguishes only between related and unrelated, while the second data set distinguishes several types of semantic relations. A number of recent papers propose to construct a feature vector that represents a pair of words by applying a pairwise simple operation to all elements of the feature vector. Subsequently, the pairs can be classified by training any classification algorithm on these vectors. In the present paper we apply this method to the provided datasets. We see that the results are not better than from the given simple baseline. We conclude that the results of the investigated method are strongly depended on the type of data to which it is applied.
According to the third-person effect or the influence of presumed media influence approach, the presumption that the media has strong effects on other people can affect individuals’ attitudes and behavior. For instance, if people believe in strong media influences on others, they are more likely to increase their communication activities or support demands for restrictions on media. A standardized online survey among German journalists (N = 960) revealed that the stronger the journalists perceive the political online influence on the public to be, the more frequently they contradict unwanted political views in their articles. Moreover, even journalists are more likely to approve of restrictions on the Internet’s political influence, the stronger they believe the effects of online media to be. The data reveal no connections between communication activities and demands for restrictions.
Cradle to Cradle – An analysis of the market potential in the German outdoor apparel industry
(2016)
The purpose of this study is to investigate the market potential in the German outdoor apparel industry by focusing on sustainable production in terms of environmental and human health. A literature study of the Cradle to Cradle (C2C) design concept is provided, as it represents a solution for pollution, waste and environmental destruction caused by the current industrial design and waste management. The data for the subsequent market- and competitive analysis of the German outdoor apparel industry was collected through secondary research in order to identify several key market indicators for the assessment of the market potential. The outcome of this research is the identification of a positioning strategy for outdoor apparel according to the C2C design concept. The results show stagnant growth rates in recent years in the German outdoor apparel market and strong rivalry among the competitors. However, a significant market potential was calculated and beneficial trends for sustainable outdoor brands were recognised. These findings reveal the existence of a market potential for an outdoor apparel brand according to the C2C design concept. By following a positioning strategy of transparency and full commitment to a sustainable production, the company might be able to gain market shares from its competitors, as future predictions indicate slow growth rates in the market. The results of this analysis can be of great interest for entrepreneurs that plan to enter the German outdoor apparel industry.
Das vorliegende Shortpaper befasst sich mit dem Thema Datenschnittstellen und Datenmapping im Bibliothekswesen für den Austausch von bibliografischen Daten. Ausgangspunkt der Arbeit ist die Schnittstelle Z39.50, welche den Austausch von Metadaten zwischen Bibliotheken als derzeitigen Standard bildet. Neben diesem Austauschformat sind die Darstellungsformate MAB, MARC 21, MARC-XML und als Weiterentwicklung von Z39.50 das SRU (Search/Retrieve via URL) genannt. Weiterhin wird auf das Linked Open Data Netzwerk Bezug genommen. Dieses Netzwerk, auch Semantic Web genannt, wird im Allgemeinen auch mit den Begriffen Web 3.0, Linked Open Data und Web of Data in Verbindung gebracht. Die technische Seite wird anhand von RDF (Resource Description Framework), XML (Extensible Markup Language) erläutert und im Weiteren wird auf die Wichtigkeit der CC0-Lizenzen (Creative Commons Lizenzen) eingegangen. Abschließend wird auf den Begriff Mapping im Kontext der Bibliothekslandschaft eingegangen und die Zusammenarbeit zwischen den Institutionen hervorgehoben.
The medical devices sector helps save lives by providing innovative health care solutions regarding diagnosis, prevention, monitoring, treatment, and alleviation. Medical devices are classified into 1 of 3 categories in the order of increasing risk: Class I, Class II, and Class III.1 Medical devices are distinguished from drugs for regulatory purposes based on mechanism of action. Unlike drugs, medical devices operate via physical or mechanical means and are not dependent on metabolism to accomplish their primary intended effect.
In diesem Text werden Moderationsmethode und Moderationszyklus erläutert. Die einzelnen Phasen und deren Bausteine werden beschrieben. Durch viele Beispiele soll die Anwendung der Bausteine erleichtert werden. Durch die Anwendungsbeispiele der Bausteine sowie die Erläuterungen zu Moderationsvorbereitung und Moderatorenrolle (Haltung und Fragetechnik) sollen die Lesenden in die Lage versetzt werden, die Moderationsmethode nach der Teilnahme an der Beispielmoderation und deren Reflexion selbst anzuwenden.
Discovery and efficient reuse of technology pictures using Wikimedia infrastructures. A proposal
(2016)
Multimedia objects, especially images and figures, are essential for the visualization and interpretation of research findings. The distribution and reuse of these scientific objects is significantly improved under open access conditions, for instance in Wikipedia articles, in research literature, as well as in education and knowledge dissemination, where licensing of images often represents a serious barrier.
Whereas scientific publications are retrievable through library portals or other online search services due to standardized indices there is no targeted retrieval and access to the accompanying images and figures yet. Consequently there is a great demand to develop standardized indexing methods for these multimedia open access objects in order to improve the accessibility to this material.
With our proposal, we hope to serve a broad audience which looks up a scientific or technical term in a web search portal first. Until now, this audience has little chance to find an openly accessible and reusable image narrowly matching their search term on first try - frustratingly so, even if there is in fact such an image included in some open access article.
Die Einführung von Discovery-Systemen in wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken ist aktuell ein viel diskutiertes Thema in der deutschen Bibliothekslandschaft. In dieser Bachelorarbeit wird die konkrete Implementierung des Discovery-Systems in der Herzog August Bibliothek (HAB) in Wolfenbüttel betrachtet. Hierfür wird zunächst ein generelles Verständnis für Bibliothekskatalogsysteme geschaffen. Eine vergleichende Studie der Recherchequalität zwischen dem Discovery-System und dem bestehenden OPAC (Online Public Access Catalogue) wird durchgeführt, um zum einen Empfehlungen für notwendige Anpassungen an dem Discovery-System auszusprechen und zum anderen letztendlich eine Aussage über die Möglichkeit einer Abschaltung des OPACs zu treffen. Eine Abschaltung des OPACs ist aufgrund der Ergebnisse nur dann erfolgreich möglich, wenn die HAB ihre Viel- und Intensivnutzer in den Implementierungsprozess mit einbezieht und deren Anforderungen und Wünsche an das Discovery-System umsetzt. Die Studie zeigt, dass die Benutzer der HAB an den OPAC gewohnt sind und für die HAB daher die Herausforderung in der Akzeptanzschaffung für das neue System liegt.
Background: Physician-rating websites have become a popular tool to create more transparency about the quality of health care providers. So far, it remains unknown whether online-based rating websites have the potential to contribute to a better standard of care. Objective: Our goal was to examine which health care providers use online rating websites and for what purposes, and whether health care providers use online patient ratings to improve patient care. Methods: We conducted an online-based cross-sectional study by surveying 2360 physicians and other health care providers (September 2015). In addition to descriptive statistics, we performed multilevel logistic regression models to ascertain the effects of providers' demographics as well as report card-related variables on the likelihood that providers implement measures to improve patient care. Results: Overall, more than half of the responding providers surveyed (54.66%, 1290/2360) used online ratings to derive measures to improve patient care (implemented measures: mean 3.06, SD 2.29). Ophthalmologists (68%, 40/59) and gynecologists (65.4%, 123/188) were most likely to implement any measures. The most widely implemented quality measures were related to communication with patients (28.77%, 679/2360), the appointment scheduling process (23.60%, 557/2360), and office workflow (21.23%, 501/2360). Scaled-survey results had a greater impact on deriving measures than narrative comments. Multilevel logistic regression models revealed medical specialty, the frequency of report card use, and the appraisal of the trustworthiness of scaled-survey ratings to be significantly associated predictors for implementing measures to improve patient care because of online ratings. Conclusions: Our results suggest that online ratings displayed on physician-rating websites have an impact on patient care. Despite the limitations of our study and unintended consequences of physician-rating websites, they still may have the potential to improve patient care.
Background:
The increase in food intolerances poses a burgeoning problem in our society. Food intolerances not only lead to physical impairment of the individual patient but also result in a high socio-economic burden due to factors such as the treatment required as well as absenteeism. The present study aimed to explore whether lactose intolerant (LI) patients exhibit more frequent comorbidities than non-LI patients.
Methods:
The study was conducted on a case-control basis and the results were determined using routine data analysis. Routine data from the IMS Disease Analyzer database were used for this purpose. A total of 6,758 data records were processed and analyzed.
Results:
There were significant correlations between LI and the incidence of osteoporosis, changes in mental status, and the presence of additional food intolerances. Comparing 3,379 LI vs. 3,379 non-LI patients, 34.5% vs. 17.7% (P<0.0001) suffered from abdominal pain; 30.6% vs. 17.2% (P<0.0001) from gastrointestinal infections; and 20.9% vs. 16.0% (P=0.0053) from depression. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) were the highest for fructose intolerance (n=229 LI vs. n=7 non-LI; OR 31.06; P<0.0001), irritable bowel syndrome (n=247 LI vs. n=44 non-LI; OR 5.23; P<0.0001), and bloating (n=351 LI vs. n=68 non-LI; OR 4.94; P<0.0001).
Conclusion:
The study confirms that LI should not be regarded as an isolated illness but considered a possible trigger for further diseases. Additional research is necessary to assert more precise statements.