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The Gravitational Search Algorithm is a swarm-based optimization metaheuristic that has been successfully applied to many problems. However, to date little analytical work has been done on this topic.
This paper performs a mathematical analysis of the formulae underlying the Gravitational Search Algorithm. From this analysis, it derives key properties of the algorithm's expected behavior and recommendations for parameter selection. It then confirms through empirical examination that these recommendations are sound.
Lemmatization is a central task in many NLP applications. Despite this importance, the number of (freely) available and easy to use tools for German is very limited. To fill this gap, we developed a simple lemmatizer that can be trained on any lemmatized corpus. For a full form word the tagger tries to find the sequence of morphemes that is most likely to generate that word. From this sequence of tags we can easily derive the stem, the lemma and the part of speech (PoS) of the word. We show (i) that the quality of this approach is comparable to state of the art methods and (ii) that we can improve the results of Part-of-Speech (PoS) tagging when we include the morphological analysis of each word.
Background: India has the third largest HIV epidemic in the world. The Indian epidemic is characterized by low levels in the general population and elevated concentrations among high-risk groups. The present study was planned to determine the awareness of HIV among students from Mumbai University.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among students from Mumbai University, India during May–June 2017. Two hundred and fifty students were approached to participate in the study of which 199 agreed to participate (males: 132; females: 67). Pretested questionnaire was distributed and collected data was analyzed using IBM SPSS version 23.
Results: Study participants had high knowledge (86%) and attitude score (87%). There was no significant difference between males and female participants for attitude and knowledge, except for one question regarding knowledge about HIV transmission via breastfeeding to child.
Conclusions: Present study showed that there are no misconceptions or negative attitudes regarding HIV among students. A longitudinal study with a larger sample size across India is recommended for further investigation.
Intrusion detection systems and other network security components detect security-relevant events based on policies consisting of rules. If an event turns out as a false alarm, the corresponding policy has to be adjusted in order to reduce the number of false positives. Modified policies, however, need to be tested before going into productive use. We present a visual analysis tool for the evaluation of security events and related policies which integrates data from different sources using the IF-MAP specification and provides a “what-if” simulation for testing modified policies on past network dynamics. In this paper, we will describe the design and outcome of a user study that will help us to evaluate our visual analysis tool.
Abschlussbericht zur Evaluation des Arbeitsfeldes „Kirchenkreissozialarbeit“ in Niedersachsen
(2019)
Die Kirchenkreissozialarbeit ist ein seit Jahrzehnten bewährtes und gleichzeitig zukunftsweisendes kirchlich-diakonisches Handlungsfeld. Rund einhundert motivierte Kirchenkreissozialarbeiter_innen halten flächendeckend ein wichtiges bedarfsorientiertes Angebot in hoher Qualität vor. Nach der Rahmenkonzeption sind die drei Kernaufgaben der Kirchenkreissozialarbeit Allgemeine Sozialberatung, Gemeinwesendiakonie und politische Arbeit.
Radioisotope-guided sentinel lymph node dissection (sLND) has shown high diagnostic reliability in prostate (PCa) and other cancers. To overcome the limitations of the radioactive tracers, magnetometer-guided sLND using superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) has been successfully used in PCa. This prospective study (SentiMag Pro II, DRKS00007671) determined the diagnostic accuracy of magnetometer-guided sLND in intermediate- and high-risk PCa. Fifty intermediate- or high-risk PCa patients (prostate-specific antigen (PSA) >= 10 ng/mL and/or Gleason score >= 7; median PSA 10.8 ng/mL, IQR 7.4–19.2 ng/mL) were enrolled. After the intraprostatic SPIONs injection a day earlier, patients underwent magnetometer-guided sLND and extended lymph node dissection (eLND, followed by radical prostatectomy. SLNs were detected in in vivo and in ex vivo samples. Diagnostic accuracy of sLND was assessed using eLND as the reference. SLNs were detected in all patients (detection rate 100%), with 447 sentinel lymph nodes SLNs (median 9, IQR 6–12) being identified and 966 LNs (median 18, IQR 15–23) being removed. Thirty-six percent (18/50) of patients had LN metastases (median 2, IQR 1–3). Magnetometer-guided sLND had 100% sensitivity, 97.0% specificity, 94.4% positive predictive value, 100% negative predictive value, 0.0% false negative rate, and 3.0% additional diagnostic value (LN metastases only in SLNs outside the eLND template). In vivo, one positive SLN/LN-positive patient was missed, resulting in a sensitivity of 94.4%. In conclusion, this new magnetic sentinel procedure has high accuracy for nodal staging in intermediate- and high-risk PCa. The reliability of intraoperative SLN detection using this magnetometer system requires verification in further multicentric studies.
Nitric oxide adsorption on a Au(100) single crystal has been investigated to identify the type of adsorption, the adsorption site, and the orientation and alignment of the adsorbed NO relative to the surface. This was done using a combination of 3D-surface velocity map imaging, near-ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and density functional theory. NO was observed to be molecularly adsorbed on gold at ~200 K. Very narrow angular distributions and cold rotational distributions of photodesorbed NO indicate that NO adsorbs on high-symmetry sites on the Au crystal, with the N–O bond axis close to the surface normal. Our density functional theory calculations show that NO preferentially adsorbs on the symmetric bridge (2f) site, which ensures efficient overlap of the NO π* orbital with the orbitals on the two neighbouring Au atoms, and with the N–O bond axis aligned along the surface normal, in agreement with our conclusions from the rotational state distributions. The combination of XPS, which reveals the orientation of NO on gold, with 3D-surface velocity map imaging and density functional theory thus allowed us to determine the adsorption site, orientation and alignment of nitric oxide adsorbed on Au(100).
Der vorliegende Sammelband hochschulischer Abschlussarbeiten, d. h. wissenschaftlich besonders ansprechende Bachelor- und Masterarbeiten und aktuelle Beiträge von ProjektmitarbeiterInnen, hat sich die Aufgabe gestellt, Beiträge des wissenschaftlichen Nachwuchses der Pflege- und Gesundheitswissenschaften aus den drei beteiligten Hochschulen Hannover, Esslingen und Bielefeld zur Diskussion zu stellen. Dabei haben die drei Herausgebenden dieser Hochschulen für angewandte Wissenschaften, die einschlägige Studiengänge für Gesundheits- und Pflegeberufe anbieten, die hier veröffentlichten Beiträge jeweils an den entsprechenden Hochschulstandorten begleitet. Zusätzlich wurden alle Beiträge auch einem wechselseitigen Review durch die drei Herausgebenden unterzogen, um abschließend eine einheitliche Formatierung von hochschulisch zwar durchaus ähnlichen ggfs. aber in den Details etwas unterschiedlichen Standards wissenschaftlichen Arbeitens in den Beiträgen umzusetzen.
Im Ergebnis sind so im Zeitraum von Dezember 2017 bis Mai 2019 insgesamt 13 pflege- und gesundheitswissenschaftliche Beiträge, d. h. 14 Bachelor- und Masterarbeiten (hier drei kooperative Arbeiten von jeweils zwei AutorInnen) und zwei Drittmittelprojekte unter Beteiligung von NachwuchswissenschaftlerInnen sehr verbindlich und konzentriert bearbeitet worden, die nun hier unter einer jeweils gemeinsamen Kapitelüberschrift nach den drei Standorten kurz vorgestellt und gewürdigt werden sollen.
Background
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Estimation of incidence, prevalence and disease burden through routine insurance data is challenging because of under-diagnosis and under-treatment, particularly for early stage disease in health care systems where outpatient International Classification of Diseases (ICD) diagnoses are not collected. This poses the question of which criteria are commonly applied to identify COPD patients in claims datasets in the absence of ICD diagnoses, and which information can be used as a substitute. The aim of this systematic review is to summarize previously reported methodological approaches for the identification of COPD patients through routine data and to compile potential criteria for the identification of COPD patients if ICD codes are not available.
Methods
A systematic literature review was performed in Medline via PubMed and Google Scholar from January 2000 through October 2018, followed by a manual review of the included studies by at least two independent raters. Study characteristics and all identifying criteria used in the studies were systematically extracted from the publications, categorized, and compiled in evidence tables.
Results
In total, the systematic search yielded 151 publications. After title and abstract screening, 38 publications were included into the systematic assessment. In these studies, the most frequently used (22/38) criteria set to identify COPD patients included ICD codes, hospitalization, and ambulatory visits. Only four out of 38 studies used methods other than ICD coding. In a significant proportion of studies, the age range of the target population (33/38) and hospitalization (30/38) were provided. Ambulatory data were included in 24, physician claims in 22, and pharmaceutical data in 18 studies. Only five studies used spirometry, two used surgery and one used oxygen therapy.
Conclusions
A variety of different criteria is used for the identification of COPD from routine data. The most promising criteria set in data environments where ambulatory diagnosis codes are lacking is the consideration of additional illness-related information with special attention to pharmacotherapy data. Further health services research should focus on the application of more systematic internal and/or external validation approaches.