@article{StrueverFneishIbenemeetal.2022,
  author    = {Vanessa Str{\"u}ver and Firas Fneish and Sam C. Ibeneme and Rainer Muche and Gerhard Fortwengel},
  title     = {Status Quo Of Healthcare Systems and Their Impact on Pharmaceutical Industry Performance in African Developing Countries: A Scoping Review},
  series   = {Global Bioethics Enquiry},
  volume    = {10},
  number    = {3},
  issn      = {2207-7723},
  doi       = {10.25968/opus-2939},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:960-opus4-29398},
  pages     = {119 -- 133},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Economic and political/governmental infrastructural factors are major contributors to the economic development/growth of all sectors of a country, such as in the area of healthcare systems and clinical research, including the pharmaceutical industry. But what is the interaction between economic, and political/governmental infrastructural factors and the development of healthcare systems, especially, the performance of the pharmaceutical industry? Information from selected articles of a literature search of PubMed and by using Google Advanced Search led to the generation of five categories of infrastructural factors, and were filled with data from 41 African Countries using the World Health Organization data repository. Median changes over time were given and tested by Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Friedman test, respectively. Analysis of factors related to availability of healthcare facilities showed that physicians and pharmacies were significant increased, with insignificantly decreased number of hospital beds. Healthcare Financing by the Government showed notable differences. Private health spending decreased significantly unlike Gross National Income. Analysis of infrastructural factors showed that stable supply of electricity and the associated use of the Internet improved significantly. The low level of data on the expansion of paved road networks suggests less developed medical services in remote rural areas. Healthcare systems in African countries improved over the last two decades, but differences between the individual countries still prevail and some of the countries cannot yet offer an attractive sales market for the products of pharmaceutical companies.},
  language  = {en}
}