@article{BaltinWilhelmWittlandetal.2020,
  author    = {Christoph Tobias Baltin and Hendrik Wilhelm and Michael Wittland and Arnulf H. H{\"o}lscher and Dirk Stippel and Anatoli Astvatsatourov},
  title     = {Noise patterns in visceral surgical procedures: Analysis of second-bysecond dBA data of 599 procedures over the course of one year},
  series   = {Scientific reports},
  volume    = {10},
  issn      = {2045-2322},
  doi       = {10.25968/opus-1646},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:960-opus4-16469},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {The objective of this study is to analyze noise patterns during 599 visceral surgical procedures. Considering work-safety regulations, we will identify immanent noise patterns during major visceral surgeries. Increased levels of noise are known to have negative health impacts. Based on a very finegrained data collection over a year, this study will introduce a new procedure for visual representation of intra-surgery noise progression and pave new paths for future research on noise reduction in visceral surgery. Digital decibel sound-level meters were used to record the total noise in three operating theatres in one-second cycles over a year. These data were matched to archival data on surgery characteristics. Because surgeries inherently vary in length, we developed a new procedure to normalize surgery times to run cross-surgery comparisons. Based on this procedure, dBA values were adjusted to each normalized time point. Noise-level patterns are presented for surgeries contingent on important surgery characteristics: 16 different surgery types, operation method, day/night time point and operation complexity (complexity levels 1–3). This serves to cover a wide spectrum of day-to-day surgeries. The noise patterns reveal significant sound level differences of about 1 dBA, with the mostcommon noise level being spread between 55 and 60 dBA. This indicates a sound situation in many of the surgeries studied likely to cause stress in patients and staff. Absolute and relative risks of meeting or exceeding 60 dBA differ considerably across operation types. In conclusion, the study reveals that maximum noise levels of 55 dBA are frequently exceeded during visceral surgical procedures. Especially complex surgeries show, on average, a higher noise exposure. Our findings warrant active noise management for visceral surgery to reduce potential negative impacts of noise on surgical performance and outcome.},
  language  = {en}
}